面对深渊等极端海洋环境下的科考需求,自主遥控水下机器人(autonomous and remotely-operated vehicle,简称ARV)凭借其探测范围大和能局部采样作业的综合能力和特点,在深海领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章以中国首台具备探测与作业能...面对深渊等极端海洋环境下的科考需求,自主遥控水下机器人(autonomous and remotely-operated vehicle,简称ARV)凭借其探测范围大和能局部采样作业的综合能力和特点,在深海领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章以中国首台具备探测与作业能力的全海深自主遥控水下机器人——“海斗一号”为研究对象。“海斗一号”在探测作业时,通过光纤微缆与母船保持实时通信,其特有的光纤压坠器装置对光纤链路的稳定性起到至关重要的作用。基于此,设计了一套“海斗一号”专用的布放回收装置,并探索形成了一套有效的布放回收方法,实现了“海斗一号”与光纤压坠器的安全布放与回收;针对布放回收过程中“海斗一号”的起吊架需应对不同起吊工况的需求,基于“海斗一号”轻量化的设计要求,提出采用多工况拓扑优化设计方法开展起吊架构型设计,对最终设计构型在2种工况下分别进行了有限元数值仿真,进一步完成了压载试验和海试应用验证。结果表明,文中所述“海斗一号”收放装置设计及优化方法切实有效,满足“海斗一号”开展深渊科考时的需求,为ARV布放回收及其装置优化设计提供了工程经验和理论指导。展开更多
针对水下对接过程中近距离引导和定位问题,以ARV (Autonomous&Remotely Operated Vehicle)水下对接末端引导应用中对图片特征点的快速准确匹配为目标,提出结合引导灯信息的图片特征点匹配算法。在传统的ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotat...针对水下对接过程中近距离引导和定位问题,以ARV (Autonomous&Remotely Operated Vehicle)水下对接末端引导应用中对图片特征点的快速准确匹配为目标,提出结合引导灯信息的图片特征点匹配算法。在传统的ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)特征点匹配算法利用关键点和描述子表征特征点的基础上,增加了相对位置信息。在特征点的提取阶段提取关键点、BRIEF描述子和相对位置信息,在匹配阶段同时考虑描述子和相对位置信息的匹配程度,提高了特征点匹配的准确率和鲁棒性。同时,在特征点提取阶段利用引导灯辅助精确计算图片的缩放尺度,使得特征点的提取更加精确、速度更快。通过实验,验证算法的有效性,证明了文中提出的算法提高了图片特征点匹配的准确率和鲁棒性,同时缩短了算法的运算时间,有利于保障定位算法的实时性,从而提升水下对接的成功率。展开更多
Given the recent success in the development of several submersibles in China, people's interest in the history of submersible development is increasing. This paper presents the history of submersible development i...Given the recent success in the development of several submersibles in China, people's interest in the history of submersible development is increasing. This paper presents the history of submersible development in China, which can be briefly divided into three periods. The first one is the early period of hardship(1971–2000). Many prototype submersibles of HOVs, ROVs, and AUVs were developed at this time, but the main achievement was the establishment of special research organizations and the training of research and development personnel. The second period can be regarded as the quick development period(2001–2015). All currently used submersibles were developed during this period. The most remarkable achievement was the successful development of 7000 m-deep manned submersible "Jiaolong." The third period aims to develop 11 000 m submersibles for challenging the full ocean depth(2016–2020). In this period, two unmanned submersibles and two manned submersibles will be the significant indicators of achievement. If this 5-year plan can be successfully completed, China can play a significant role in the investigation of the deepest part of the oceans, namely, the hadal trenches(6500–11 000 m).展开更多
文摘面对深渊等极端海洋环境下的科考需求,自主遥控水下机器人(autonomous and remotely-operated vehicle,简称ARV)凭借其探测范围大和能局部采样作业的综合能力和特点,在深海领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章以中国首台具备探测与作业能力的全海深自主遥控水下机器人——“海斗一号”为研究对象。“海斗一号”在探测作业时,通过光纤微缆与母船保持实时通信,其特有的光纤压坠器装置对光纤链路的稳定性起到至关重要的作用。基于此,设计了一套“海斗一号”专用的布放回收装置,并探索形成了一套有效的布放回收方法,实现了“海斗一号”与光纤压坠器的安全布放与回收;针对布放回收过程中“海斗一号”的起吊架需应对不同起吊工况的需求,基于“海斗一号”轻量化的设计要求,提出采用多工况拓扑优化设计方法开展起吊架构型设计,对最终设计构型在2种工况下分别进行了有限元数值仿真,进一步完成了压载试验和海试应用验证。结果表明,文中所述“海斗一号”收放装置设计及优化方法切实有效,满足“海斗一号”开展深渊科考时的需求,为ARV布放回收及其装置优化设计提供了工程经验和理论指导。
文摘针对水下对接过程中近距离引导和定位问题,以ARV (Autonomous&Remotely Operated Vehicle)水下对接末端引导应用中对图片特征点的快速准确匹配为目标,提出结合引导灯信息的图片特征点匹配算法。在传统的ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)特征点匹配算法利用关键点和描述子表征特征点的基础上,增加了相对位置信息。在特征点的提取阶段提取关键点、BRIEF描述子和相对位置信息,在匹配阶段同时考虑描述子和相对位置信息的匹配程度,提高了特征点匹配的准确率和鲁棒性。同时,在特征点提取阶段利用引导灯辅助精确计算图片的缩放尺度,使得特征点的提取更加精确、速度更快。通过实验,验证算法的有效性,证明了文中提出的算法提高了图片特征点匹配的准确率和鲁棒性,同时缩短了算法的运算时间,有利于保障定位算法的实时性,从而提升水下对接的成功率。
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China "Structural Reliability Analysis on the Spherical Hull of Deep Sea MSs"(Grant No.51439004)the Scientific Innovation Program Project of "Key technology research and experimental validation of deep MS" by the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(Grant No.15DZ1207000)
文摘Given the recent success in the development of several submersibles in China, people's interest in the history of submersible development is increasing. This paper presents the history of submersible development in China, which can be briefly divided into three periods. The first one is the early period of hardship(1971–2000). Many prototype submersibles of HOVs, ROVs, and AUVs were developed at this time, but the main achievement was the establishment of special research organizations and the training of research and development personnel. The second period can be regarded as the quick development period(2001–2015). All currently used submersibles were developed during this period. The most remarkable achievement was the successful development of 7000 m-deep manned submersible "Jiaolong." The third period aims to develop 11 000 m submersibles for challenging the full ocean depth(2016–2020). In this period, two unmanned submersibles and two manned submersibles will be the significant indicators of achievement. If this 5-year plan can be successfully completed, China can play a significant role in the investigation of the deepest part of the oceans, namely, the hadal trenches(6500–11 000 m).
