虽然目前大量研究基于Vitousek和Hollon(1990)提出的饮食失调认知模型对胖负面身体自我图式者或饮食失调者的注意偏向进行探讨,但对其注意偏向的成分仍未得出一致结论,且尚无研究查考其时间进程特点。研究采用更具生态效度的身体图片为...虽然目前大量研究基于Vitousek和Hollon(1990)提出的饮食失调认知模型对胖负面身体自我图式者或饮食失调者的注意偏向进行探讨,但对其注意偏向的成分仍未得出一致结论,且尚无研究查考其时间进程特点。研究采用更具生态效度的身体图片为实验刺激,刺激呈现时间2000ms,采用传统经典的点探测范式与眼动追踪技术结合,探讨胖负面身体自我女性对身体信息注意偏向成分的时间进程。基于前人的工作(Castellanos et al.,2009;Garner,Mogg,&Bradley,2006),研究考察了四个眼动数据:首视点定向偏向分数、首视点潜伏期偏向分数、首视点注视时间偏向以及总注视时间偏向分数,系统探讨了注意定向、探测时间、最初注意维持/回避以及总体注意维持/回避。眼动数据发现,胖负面身体自我图式者对不同身体图片存在不同的注意偏向模式,对胖图片为注意警觉—维持模式,具体表现为早期加速探测、注意定向,以及最初的注意维持和总体注意维持;对瘦图片仅为注意警觉,具体表现为早期加速探测;行为数据支持实验组对胖图片的注意维持以及对身体图片的注意脱离困难。该结果部分支持Vitousek和Hollon(1990)的模型,即负面身体自我图式能够易化对图式一致信息的加工,而未发现对图式不一致信息的回避或抑制。展开更多
BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic challenge.Development of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved det...BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic challenge.Development of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical practice.AIM To compare the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hospitalized patients.METHODS 180 consecutive elderly medical inpatients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a psychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact controls.Participants were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WORLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Spatial span,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking Pentagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shape Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)tests.The sustained attention component of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium identification.Combining tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were repeated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.CONCLUSION Bedside tests of attention,vigilan展开更多
文摘虽然目前大量研究基于Vitousek和Hollon(1990)提出的饮食失调认知模型对胖负面身体自我图式者或饮食失调者的注意偏向进行探讨,但对其注意偏向的成分仍未得出一致结论,且尚无研究查考其时间进程特点。研究采用更具生态效度的身体图片为实验刺激,刺激呈现时间2000ms,采用传统经典的点探测范式与眼动追踪技术结合,探讨胖负面身体自我女性对身体信息注意偏向成分的时间进程。基于前人的工作(Castellanos et al.,2009;Garner,Mogg,&Bradley,2006),研究考察了四个眼动数据:首视点定向偏向分数、首视点潜伏期偏向分数、首视点注视时间偏向以及总注视时间偏向分数,系统探讨了注意定向、探测时间、最初注意维持/回避以及总体注意维持/回避。眼动数据发现,胖负面身体自我图式者对不同身体图片存在不同的注意偏向模式,对胖图片为注意警觉—维持模式,具体表现为早期加速探测、注意定向,以及最初的注意维持和总体注意维持;对瘦图片仅为注意警觉,具体表现为早期加速探测;行为数据支持实验组对胖图片的注意维持以及对身体图片的注意脱离困难。该结果部分支持Vitousek和Hollon(1990)的模型,即负面身体自我图式能够易化对图式一致信息的加工,而未发现对图式不一致信息的回避或抑制。
基金This work was supported by a research project grant from the Health Research Board(HRA 2011/48).
文摘BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic challenge.Development of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical practice.AIM To compare the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hospitalized patients.METHODS 180 consecutive elderly medical inpatients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a psychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact controls.Participants were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WORLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Spatial span,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking Pentagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shape Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)tests.The sustained attention component of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium identification.Combining tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were repeated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.CONCLUSION Bedside tests of attention,vigilan
