This paper reports the results of the visual observations and micro-analysis of concrete core samples after 6 and 12 months of their exposure to sodium, ammonium and magnesium sulfate solutions with the same concentra...This paper reports the results of the visual observations and micro-analysis of concrete core samples after 6 and 12 months of their exposure to sodium, ammonium and magnesium sulfate solutions with the same concentration of sulfate ions. XRD, SEM and EDS were used for micro-analysis of the mi-crostructure and the composition of the interface zone in the samples. The results indicate that the deterioration of concrete by different sulfate solutions could proceed differently with regard to the mechanism and the mode of damage caused. The damage of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate solution is mainly caused by the gypsum crystals formed in the interface zone, which lead to expansion and cracking. In the case of concrete immersed in magnesium sulfate solutions, a layer of brucite (magnesium hydroxide) and gypsum was produced in the interface zone, which reduces the cohesiveness of the interface zone in concrete. For the concrete immersed in ammonium sulfate solutions, the conversation of mortar to some mush mass by ammonium ions and the formation of a large of gypsum occurred in the interface zone, consequently, serious softening of hydrated cement pastes and expansion and cracking of concrete are the characteristics of the attack by ammonium sulfate solutions. Also, it is considered that using drilled concrete core as samples to evaluate the sulfate resistance of concrete is a good and accelerated method.展开更多
高超声速进气道在起动过程中存在迟滞现象,起动迟滞对发动机的工作范围有重要影响。以一种 Bump/前体一体化进气道为研究对象,通过试验和数值仿真结合的方法,研究迎角变化引起的进气道起动迟滞现象。试验在国防科技大学LF-220自由射流...高超声速进气道在起动过程中存在迟滞现象,起动迟滞对发动机的工作范围有重要影响。以一种 Bump/前体一体化进气道为研究对象,通过试验和数值仿真结合的方法,研究迎角变化引起的进气道起动迟滞现象。试验在国防科技大学LF-220自由射流风洞中进行,来流条件 Ma =5.0,采用蓄热式加热器对上游气流进行加热,稳定段总压1.59MPa,试验段静温91.67K。试验模型由底座、进气道前体前锥、进气道前体后锥和唇罩4部分组成,模型总长度285mm。采用PSI压力传感器对模型壁面压力进行测量,采样频率为100Hz。试验成功捕捉到进气道随迎角变化由不起动转化为起动的动态过程。研究表明,高超声速进气道随迎角变化存在明显的迟滞现象。试验获得进气道自起动迎角为-1.3°,而进气道自不起动迎角大于10°。在进气道自起动/自不起动过程的研究中发现,随着进气道流动状态的不同,迎角和大尺度分离区交替主导流量变化。展开更多
A new concept is presented for air-to-air missile which is dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field. This new concept can be used to obtain the 4-dimensional （4-D） information regarding the dyna...A new concept is presented for air-to-air missile which is dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field. This new concept can be used to obtain the 4-dimensional （4-D） information regarding the dynamic envelope of an air-to-air missile at any flight time airned at different flight targets considering influences of random wind, in the situation of flight fighters coop- crated with missiles fighting against each other. Based on an air-to-air missile model, some typical cases of dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field were numerically simulated. Compared with the simulation results of traditional dynamic envelope, the properties of dynamic attack zone after being launched are as follows. The 4-D dynamic attack zone after being launched is inside traditional maximum dynamic envelope, but its forane boundary is usually not inside traditional no-escape dynamic envelope; Traditional dynamic attack zone can just be reliably used at launch time, while dynamic envelope after being launched can be reliably and accurately used during any flight antagonism time. Traditional envelope is a special case of dynamic envelope after being launched when the dynamic envelope is calculated at the launch time： the dynamic envelope after being launched can be inflt, enced by the random wind field.展开更多
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50378092)
文摘This paper reports the results of the visual observations and micro-analysis of concrete core samples after 6 and 12 months of their exposure to sodium, ammonium and magnesium sulfate solutions with the same concentration of sulfate ions. XRD, SEM and EDS were used for micro-analysis of the mi-crostructure and the composition of the interface zone in the samples. The results indicate that the deterioration of concrete by different sulfate solutions could proceed differently with regard to the mechanism and the mode of damage caused. The damage of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate solution is mainly caused by the gypsum crystals formed in the interface zone, which lead to expansion and cracking. In the case of concrete immersed in magnesium sulfate solutions, a layer of brucite (magnesium hydroxide) and gypsum was produced in the interface zone, which reduces the cohesiveness of the interface zone in concrete. For the concrete immersed in ammonium sulfate solutions, the conversation of mortar to some mush mass by ammonium ions and the formation of a large of gypsum occurred in the interface zone, consequently, serious softening of hydrated cement pastes and expansion and cracking of concrete are the characteristics of the attack by ammonium sulfate solutions. Also, it is considered that using drilled concrete core as samples to evaluate the sulfate resistance of concrete is a good and accelerated method.
文摘高超声速进气道在起动过程中存在迟滞现象,起动迟滞对发动机的工作范围有重要影响。以一种 Bump/前体一体化进气道为研究对象,通过试验和数值仿真结合的方法,研究迎角变化引起的进气道起动迟滞现象。试验在国防科技大学LF-220自由射流风洞中进行,来流条件 Ma =5.0,采用蓄热式加热器对上游气流进行加热,稳定段总压1.59MPa,试验段静温91.67K。试验模型由底座、进气道前体前锥、进气道前体后锥和唇罩4部分组成,模型总长度285mm。采用PSI压力传感器对模型壁面压力进行测量,采样频率为100Hz。试验成功捕捉到进气道随迎角变化由不起动转化为起动的动态过程。研究表明,高超声速进气道随迎角变化存在明显的迟滞现象。试验获得进气道自起动迎角为-1.3°,而进气道自不起动迎角大于10°。在进气道自起动/自不起动过程的研究中发现,随着进气道流动状态的不同,迎角和大尺度分离区交替主导流量变化。
文摘A new concept is presented for air-to-air missile which is dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field. This new concept can be used to obtain the 4-dimensional （4-D） information regarding the dynamic envelope of an air-to-air missile at any flight time airned at different flight targets considering influences of random wind, in the situation of flight fighters coop- crated with missiles fighting against each other. Based on an air-to-air missile model, some typical cases of dynamic attack zone after being launched in random wind field were numerically simulated. Compared with the simulation results of traditional dynamic envelope, the properties of dynamic attack zone after being launched are as follows. The 4-D dynamic attack zone after being launched is inside traditional maximum dynamic envelope, but its forane boundary is usually not inside traditional no-escape dynamic envelope; Traditional dynamic attack zone can just be reliably used at launch time, while dynamic envelope after being launched can be reliably and accurately used during any flight antagonism time. Traditional envelope is a special case of dynamic envelope after being launched when the dynamic envelope is calculated at the launch time： the dynamic envelope after being launched can be inflt, enced by the random wind field.
