Background:The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees(UMRs)coming to Germany in 2014 and 2015.In this study,a broad range of diagnostic procedures was appl...Background:The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees(UMRs)coming to Germany in 2014 and 2015.In this study,a broad range of diagnostic procedures was applied to identify microorganisms with clinical or public health significance.Previously,those tests had only been used to screen soldiers returning from tropical deployments.This instance is the first time the approach has been studied in a humanitarian context.Methods:The offered screenings included blood cell counts,hepatitis B serology and microscopy of the stool to look for protozoa and worm eggs as well as PCR from stool samples targeting pathogenic bacteria,protozoa and helminths.If individuals refused certain assessments,their decision to do so was accepted.A total of 219 apparently healthy male UMRs coming from Afghanistan,Egypt,Somalia,Eritrea,Syria,Ghana,Guinea,Iran,Algeria,Iraq,Benin,Gambia,Libya,Morocco,Pakistan,and Palestine were assessed.All UMRs who were examined at the study department were included in the assessment.Results:We detected decreasing frequencies of pathogens that included diarrhoea-associated bacteria[Campylobacter(C.)jejuni,enteropathogenic Escherichia(E.)coli(EPEC),enterotoxic E.coli(ETEC),enteroaggregative E.coli(EAEC),enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC)/Shigella spp.),Giardia(G.)duodenalis,helminths(comprising Schistosoma spp.,Hymenolepis(H.)nana,Strongyloides(S.)stercoralis]as well as hepatitis B virus.Pathogenic microorganisms dominated the samples by far.While G.duodenalis was detected in 11.4%of the assessed UMRs,the incidence of newly identified cases in the German population was 4.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.Conclusion:We conclude that the applied in-house PCR screening systems,which have proven to be useful for screening military returnees from tropical deployments,can also be used for health assessment of immigrants from the respective sites.Apparently healthy UMRs may be enterically colonized with a broad variety of pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms.Increa展开更多
在摩西五经以及《约书亚记》中,多处可见关于“逃城”(Cities of Refuge)的记载。“逃城”制度为解决以色列人之间的人命纠纷提供了一种新的模式与途径,其主要规定是:在以色列国土中设立一批特定城市,犯下非故意杀人罪的凶手可逃往这些...在摩西五经以及《约书亚记》中,多处可见关于“逃城”(Cities of Refuge)的记载。“逃城”制度为解决以色列人之间的人命纠纷提供了一种新的模式与途径,其主要规定是:在以色列国土中设立一批特定城市,犯下非故意杀人罪的凶手可逃往这些城市,免遭受害者亲属的报复;行凶者需在逃城中被审判,满足一系列条件后方可免除罪责。逃城及其庇护机制与以色列杀人律法紧密相连,折射出以色列民族从游牧到定居,从氏族集团到城市共同体,以及从神权到世俗的变迁。展开更多
Social media have become an important communication tool and backstage for the dissemination of information for Honduran migrants seeking political asylum and international refugee status in the United States at the O...Social media have become an important communication tool and backstage for the dissemination of information for Honduran migrants seeking political asylum and international refugee status in the United States at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry. This nonmainstream structure of communication can be conceived as a type of counterargument to international border policies. In this essay, I examine how Bartolo Fuentes’s <em>Caminata del Migrante</em> post digitally informed migrant decision making processes, enforced migrant solidarity, and spurred a digital heterotopia providing a back and forth sharing of opinions and information between migrants, political actors, advocacy groups, and the press.展开更多
Globalization in the Internet era has rendered job mobility and migration frequent and important social phenomena, with implications at several different levels of societies. In addition, migration, either voluntary o...Globalization in the Internet era has rendered job mobility and migration frequent and important social phenomena, with implications at several different levels of societies. In addition, migration, either voluntary or forced, is accompanied by significant changes in suicide ideation, frequency of suicide attempts and rates of suicide of people that migrate compared to the host country. However, several different peculiarities render the interpretation of the interaction of migration-suicidality as quite complex. This article provides an overview of the most significant aspects that contribute to this complexity, in order to provide the reader with a road map for better orientation in a world of rapidly changing landscapes.展开更多
The paper argues that the European Union’s(EU)policy of externalising migration management to transit states contrasts its founding values.Thereby,values enshrined under Article 2 TEU are intentionally interpreted in...The paper argues that the European Union’s(EU)policy of externalising migration management to transit states contrasts its founding values.Thereby,values enshrined under Article 2 TEU are intentionally interpreted in such a way to evade humanitarian responsibility concerning asylum seekers,arising from the EU and international treaty law.The paper examines the changing meanings of the principle of solidarity and argues that the solidarity has been interpreted in all possible meanings expect as a humanitarian norm to ensure that Union’s externalisation policy doesn’t contradict its founding values.It further argues that the Union’s externalisation policy encourages the transit states to evade responsibility by constructing their asylum policies on the same lines.Therefore,the EU becomes a source of adversely implicating humanitarian values in the world.The paper concludes by arguing that humanitarian interpretation of solidarity has become an issue of survival and morality for the Union.展开更多
The paper aims to examine different visual manifestations of the European discourse on solidarity during the immigration crisis (2015-2017). International Organizations such as UN (United Nations), IOM (International ...The paper aims to examine different visual manifestations of the European discourse on solidarity during the immigration crisis (2015-2017). International Organizations such as UN (United Nations), IOM (International Organization for Migration), and EASO (European Asylum Support Office) following a set of European policies reflect solidarity in practice among the European Union (EU) states. Policy makers, apart from implementing and drafting different sets of policies in moments of emergency due to the immense migrant flow, have also accompanied these practices with visual representations in the form of posters and photos. These visual representations feature the organizations themselves and the discourse on solidarity towards the migrants. Hence, examining this material we can have a clear picture of the identity of the organizations but also, and most importantly, how they visualize their understanding of solidarity discourse. The paper is unfolded in the following way. Firstly, the theoretical framework of solidarity and the European Union’s perspective of solidarity are discussed in detail. Then, the focus is moved towards a theoretical discussion of emotion, the role of affect, and the role these Organizations play in the creation of European policies on migration. Thirdly, the analysis of the material, photos, posters, and a leaflet will be discussed in conjunction to the aforementioned theoretical framework of solidarity and affect.展开更多
This essay examines the disjunctive temporality of Irish globalization,arguing that past formations of Irish society inhere within,and complicate,the racialization of Irish subjects in the present.It uses Anne Enright...This essay examines the disjunctive temporality of Irish globalization,arguing that past formations of Irish society inhere within,and complicate,the racialization of Irish subjects in the present.It uses Anne Enright's 2015 novel The Green Road to demonstrate the many ways in which racial difference is made to signify in an Ireland whose emergence as a global economic center during the Celtic Tiger has compelled a re-examination of the nationalist historiographic supports on which prior theories of racial difference were proffered,but which are in need of revision in the global moment.展开更多
文摘Background:The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees(UMRs)coming to Germany in 2014 and 2015.In this study,a broad range of diagnostic procedures was applied to identify microorganisms with clinical or public health significance.Previously,those tests had only been used to screen soldiers returning from tropical deployments.This instance is the first time the approach has been studied in a humanitarian context.Methods:The offered screenings included blood cell counts,hepatitis B serology and microscopy of the stool to look for protozoa and worm eggs as well as PCR from stool samples targeting pathogenic bacteria,protozoa and helminths.If individuals refused certain assessments,their decision to do so was accepted.A total of 219 apparently healthy male UMRs coming from Afghanistan,Egypt,Somalia,Eritrea,Syria,Ghana,Guinea,Iran,Algeria,Iraq,Benin,Gambia,Libya,Morocco,Pakistan,and Palestine were assessed.All UMRs who were examined at the study department were included in the assessment.Results:We detected decreasing frequencies of pathogens that included diarrhoea-associated bacteria[Campylobacter(C.)jejuni,enteropathogenic Escherichia(E.)coli(EPEC),enterotoxic E.coli(ETEC),enteroaggregative E.coli(EAEC),enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC)/Shigella spp.),Giardia(G.)duodenalis,helminths(comprising Schistosoma spp.,Hymenolepis(H.)nana,Strongyloides(S.)stercoralis]as well as hepatitis B virus.Pathogenic microorganisms dominated the samples by far.While G.duodenalis was detected in 11.4%of the assessed UMRs,the incidence of newly identified cases in the German population was 4.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.Conclusion:We conclude that the applied in-house PCR screening systems,which have proven to be useful for screening military returnees from tropical deployments,can also be used for health assessment of immigrants from the respective sites.Apparently healthy UMRs may be enterically colonized with a broad variety of pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms.Increa
文摘在摩西五经以及《约书亚记》中,多处可见关于“逃城”(Cities of Refuge)的记载。“逃城”制度为解决以色列人之间的人命纠纷提供了一种新的模式与途径,其主要规定是:在以色列国土中设立一批特定城市,犯下非故意杀人罪的凶手可逃往这些城市,免遭受害者亲属的报复;行凶者需在逃城中被审判,满足一系列条件后方可免除罪责。逃城及其庇护机制与以色列杀人律法紧密相连,折射出以色列民族从游牧到定居,从氏族集团到城市共同体,以及从神权到世俗的变迁。
文摘Social media have become an important communication tool and backstage for the dissemination of information for Honduran migrants seeking political asylum and international refugee status in the United States at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry. This nonmainstream structure of communication can be conceived as a type of counterargument to international border policies. In this essay, I examine how Bartolo Fuentes’s <em>Caminata del Migrante</em> post digitally informed migrant decision making processes, enforced migrant solidarity, and spurred a digital heterotopia providing a back and forth sharing of opinions and information between migrants, political actors, advocacy groups, and the press.
文摘Globalization in the Internet era has rendered job mobility and migration frequent and important social phenomena, with implications at several different levels of societies. In addition, migration, either voluntary or forced, is accompanied by significant changes in suicide ideation, frequency of suicide attempts and rates of suicide of people that migrate compared to the host country. However, several different peculiarities render the interpretation of the interaction of migration-suicidality as quite complex. This article provides an overview of the most significant aspects that contribute to this complexity, in order to provide the reader with a road map for better orientation in a world of rapidly changing landscapes.
文摘The paper argues that the European Union’s(EU)policy of externalising migration management to transit states contrasts its founding values.Thereby,values enshrined under Article 2 TEU are intentionally interpreted in such a way to evade humanitarian responsibility concerning asylum seekers,arising from the EU and international treaty law.The paper examines the changing meanings of the principle of solidarity and argues that the solidarity has been interpreted in all possible meanings expect as a humanitarian norm to ensure that Union’s externalisation policy doesn’t contradict its founding values.It further argues that the Union’s externalisation policy encourages the transit states to evade responsibility by constructing their asylum policies on the same lines.Therefore,the EU becomes a source of adversely implicating humanitarian values in the world.The paper concludes by arguing that humanitarian interpretation of solidarity has become an issue of survival and morality for the Union.
文摘The paper aims to examine different visual manifestations of the European discourse on solidarity during the immigration crisis (2015-2017). International Organizations such as UN (United Nations), IOM (International Organization for Migration), and EASO (European Asylum Support Office) following a set of European policies reflect solidarity in practice among the European Union (EU) states. Policy makers, apart from implementing and drafting different sets of policies in moments of emergency due to the immense migrant flow, have also accompanied these practices with visual representations in the form of posters and photos. These visual representations feature the organizations themselves and the discourse on solidarity towards the migrants. Hence, examining this material we can have a clear picture of the identity of the organizations but also, and most importantly, how they visualize their understanding of solidarity discourse. The paper is unfolded in the following way. Firstly, the theoretical framework of solidarity and the European Union’s perspective of solidarity are discussed in detail. Then, the focus is moved towards a theoretical discussion of emotion, the role of affect, and the role these Organizations play in the creation of European policies on migration. Thirdly, the analysis of the material, photos, posters, and a leaflet will be discussed in conjunction to the aforementioned theoretical framework of solidarity and affect.
文摘This essay examines the disjunctive temporality of Irish globalization,arguing that past formations of Irish society inhere within,and complicate,the racialization of Irish subjects in the present.It uses Anne Enright's 2015 novel The Green Road to demonstrate the many ways in which racial difference is made to signify in an Ireland whose emergence as a global economic center during the Celtic Tiger has compelled a re-examination of the nationalist historiographic supports on which prior theories of racial difference were proffered,but which are in need of revision in the global moment.
