目的本文试图通过对近半个世纪以来运动处方的产生及其发展过程,以及各阶段的特点进行分析和评价,为运动处方、运动康复疗法和机能评定在我国的普及应用提供理论和实践依据。方法采用计算机网络文献和资料收集法,对Medlin via Ovid、Pub...目的本文试图通过对近半个世纪以来运动处方的产生及其发展过程,以及各阶段的特点进行分析和评价,为运动处方、运动康复疗法和机能评定在我国的普及应用提供理论和实践依据。方法采用计算机网络文献和资料收集法,对Medlin via Ovid、PubMed、Sport Discus、CINAHL、CAM、EMbase和EBM Cochrane Databaseof SR 7个数据库进行检索,检索词为exercise prescription、physical tness、exercise therapy、tness assessment、exercise test、randomized,检索时间均从建库至2008年6月。然后对其中的随机和非随机对照研究,以及资料较全者纳入分析讨论。结果共检索到318篇文献,但其中涉及运动处方和机能评定的随机对照试验(RCT)仅有7篇,系统评价和Meta分析各1篇。我们对其中资料较全又有代表性的93篇文献进行了系统分析讨论。结果显示:最早的运动处方和机能评定研究可以追溯到1950年,其发展与运动康复疗法的发展密不可分。二十世纪70年代是运动处方发展的初始期,首先是在身体活动与心血管健康方面提出了运动处方的概念,而后逐步提出了针对个体的运动处方,进而开始把运动处方与体能测试联系在一起讨论。二十世纪80年代运动处方开始进入了全面发展的阶段,开始用体能测试指导运动处方,并使运动处方和机能评定进入实验阶段。二十世纪90年代运动处方开始与多种运动康复疗法相结合,针对多种疾病进行干预和治疗,并与多种体能训练方法相结合指导训练和康复,成为一种主要的非药物治疗手段。进入本世纪以后,运动处方和机能评定的研究得到了全面提高,开始出现非随机对照试验和RCT,一些先进的测试手段和分析方法开始应用于机能评定和运动处方的实施。结论运动处方的发展与运动康复疗法和运动机能评定的发展是密不可分的,机能评定和体能测试是执行和实施运动处方的基础。当今,�展开更多
Serviceability and running safety of the high-speed train on/through a bridge are of major concern in China. Due to the uncertainty chain of the train dynamic analysis in crosswinds originating mainly from the aerodyn...Serviceability and running safety of the high-speed train on/through a bridge are of major concern in China. Due to the uncertainty chain of the train dynamic analysis in crosswinds originating mainly from the aerodynamic assessment, this paper primarily reviews five meaningful progresses on the aerodynamics of the train-bridge system done by Wind Tunnel Laboratory of Central South University in the past several years. Firstly, the flow around the train and the uncertainty origin of the aerodynamic assessment are described from the fluid mechanism point of view. After a brief introduction of the current aerodynamic assessment methods with their strengths and weaknesses, a new-developed TRAIN-INFRASTRUCTURE rig with the maximum launch speed of 35 m/s is introduced. Then, several benchmark studies are presented, including the statistic results of the characterized geometry parameters of the currently utilized bridge-decks, the aerodynamics of the train, and the aerodynamics of the flat box/truss bridge-decks. Upon compared with the foregoing mentioned benchmarks, this paper highlights the aerodynamic interference of the train-bridge system associated with its physical natures. Finally, a porosity-and orientation-adjustable novel wind barrier with its effects on the aerodynamics of the train-bridge system is discussed.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide,and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome;the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide,and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome;the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression of liver fibrosis.This review aimed to propose a practical and stepwise approach to the evaluation and management of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,analyzing the currently available literature.In the assessment of NAFLD patients,it is important to identify clinical,genetic,and environmental determinants of fibrosis development and its progression.To properly detect fibrosis,it is important to take into account the available methods and their supporting scientific evidence to guide the approach and the sequential selection of the best available biochemical scores,followed by a complementary imaging study(transient elastography,magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse)and finally a liver biopsy,when needed.To help with the selection of the most appropriate method a Fagan′s nomogram analysis is provided in this review,describing the diagnostic yield of each method and their post-test probability of detecting liver fibrosis.Finally,treatment should always include diet and exercise,as well as controlling the components of the metabolic syndrome,+/-vitamin E,considering the presence of sleep apnea,and when available,allocate those patients with advanced fibrosis or high risk of progression into clinical trials.The final end of this approach should be to establish an opportune diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,aiming to decrease/stop its progression and improve their prognosis.展开更多
基金Project(2017YFB1201204)supported by National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(51925808,U1934209)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Serviceability and running safety of the high-speed train on/through a bridge are of major concern in China. Due to the uncertainty chain of the train dynamic analysis in crosswinds originating mainly from the aerodynamic assessment, this paper primarily reviews five meaningful progresses on the aerodynamics of the train-bridge system done by Wind Tunnel Laboratory of Central South University in the past several years. Firstly, the flow around the train and the uncertainty origin of the aerodynamic assessment are described from the fluid mechanism point of view. After a brief introduction of the current aerodynamic assessment methods with their strengths and weaknesses, a new-developed TRAIN-INFRASTRUCTURE rig with the maximum launch speed of 35 m/s is introduced. Then, several benchmark studies are presented, including the statistic results of the characterized geometry parameters of the currently utilized bridge-decks, the aerodynamics of the train, and the aerodynamics of the flat box/truss bridge-decks. Upon compared with the foregoing mentioned benchmarks, this paper highlights the aerodynamic interference of the train-bridge system associated with its physical natures. Finally, a porosity-and orientation-adjustable novel wind barrier with its effects on the aerodynamics of the train-bridge system is discussed.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide,and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome;the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression of liver fibrosis.This review aimed to propose a practical and stepwise approach to the evaluation and management of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,analyzing the currently available literature.In the assessment of NAFLD patients,it is important to identify clinical,genetic,and environmental determinants of fibrosis development and its progression.To properly detect fibrosis,it is important to take into account the available methods and their supporting scientific evidence to guide the approach and the sequential selection of the best available biochemical scores,followed by a complementary imaging study(transient elastography,magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse)and finally a liver biopsy,when needed.To help with the selection of the most appropriate method a Fagan′s nomogram analysis is provided in this review,describing the diagnostic yield of each method and their post-test probability of detecting liver fibrosis.Finally,treatment should always include diet and exercise,as well as controlling the components of the metabolic syndrome,+/-vitamin E,considering the presence of sleep apnea,and when available,allocate those patients with advanced fibrosis or high risk of progression into clinical trials.The final end of this approach should be to establish an opportune diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,aiming to decrease/stop its progression and improve their prognosis.
