During the pre-Qin period,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)was not a poetic concept.It primarily served to shape Confucian ideology,carrying significant discourse implications.The practices of shi yan zhi and...During the pre-Qin period,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)was not a poetic concept.It primarily served to shape Confucian ideology,carrying significant discourse implications.The practices of shi yan zhi and bi zhi in religious rituals held important implications for poem reciting,a prevalent activity during the banquet ceremonies in the Spring and Autumn Period and its various forms.Together,they established the rites and music tradition characterized by yanshuo(speeches).This tradition further established the status of The Book of Odes as a classic,furnishing high-ranking officials and Confucian scholars with legitimacy and rich discourse resources to develop new ideologies.The different interpretations and applications of shi yan zhi resulted in diverse discourse models,such as duanzhang-quyi(to interpret out of context),xin’er youzheng(being reliable and borne out by evidence),wenwang yinyan(no word,no expression of thoughts)and yiyi-nizhi(interpreting a writing from one’s perspective).Through these different interpretations and applications,the scholarly-official class established multiple values and objectives,such as liyan buxiu(advocating lasting noble ideas untouched by time),xing-guan-qun yuan(stimulation,contemplation,communication,and criticism),shang you(befriending those superior to oneself),fa hu qing,zhi hu li yi(starting with feelings and control with propriety).In the process of building a unified ideology in the Han Dynasty,the“Introduction to Mao’s Version of The Book of Odes”advocated the unity of qing(sentiment)and zhi(aspiration),infusing shi yan zhi with connotations of enlightenment as well as extolment and satirical criticism.This advocacy redefined the political authority and discourse models of the scholar-official class,objectively unveiling the literary features of poetry,such as evoking an emotional response and commencing the practice of education through poetry teaching.展开更多
The study explores the yearnings of fisherfolks on their child’s education, hindrances, and factors that shape their desire as parents. Field observations and key informant interview among elder members of fisherfolk...The study explores the yearnings of fisherfolks on their child’s education, hindrances, and factors that shape their desire as parents. Field observations and key informant interview among elder members of fisherfolk communities surrounding the Albay, Ragay, and Asid Gulfs of the Bicol Region was utilized. The study revealed that the majority of the fisherfolk parents do not want their children to continue fishing as their main source of livelihood because of potential risks, hardships, and cultural factors like collectivism, close family ties, and dependence on the elders. The parents’ aspirations were shaped by their persistence over various threats, fears, personal unfulfilled dreams, and career opportunities thru education. Most of the parents desired a college education and a safe and secure profession for their children. The study deduced that these challenges can be a contributory factor for the declining number of fisherfolks surrounding the gulfs. Influencing this sector is the factor motivating fishers in their aspirations for their children’s education. The study recommends introducing strategies for fisherfolks to develop a strong sense of hope and drive in realizing their aspirations and further research on the impact of culture, the role of women and children, and fisherfolks and their success stories.展开更多
This paper delves into the ancient concept of shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)within Chinese poetry.It examines the precise meaning of zhi,the dialectical relationship between yan and zhi,and the historical ...This paper delves into the ancient concept of shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)within Chinese poetry.It examines the precise meaning of zhi,the dialectical relationship between yan and zhi,and the historical development of“poetry expressing aspirations.”It further looks at how this foundational concept underpins the logical construction of Chinese poetic tradition,reaffirming its historical significance as the“manifesto”of Chinese poetics.展开更多
The phrase,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)is ancient China’s first ontology of poetry,and therefore its significance should be examined from the ontological perspective.This paper explores the historical c...The phrase,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)is ancient China’s first ontology of poetry,and therefore its significance should be examined from the ontological perspective.This paper explores the historical context in which this theory is created in three respects:the maturity of the artistic form that integrates poetry,music,and dance,the establishment of governance through an education system,and the establishment of an ethical system.This paper holds that as an ancient and classical theory,shi yan zhi was embraced and carried forward by the scholar-officials of the Spring and Autumn Period when reciting poems,and later was cited and further expanded by the pre-Qin philosophers.Zhi is the unique attribute of The Book of Odes to distinguish it from other classics.This paper also investigates the evolution history from shi yan zhi to the six music language skills and six forms of poetry described in“The Office of Spring”in The Rites of Zhou,as well as the six essential elements mentioned in the Introduction to Mao’s Version of The Book of Odes,highlighting the contribution of“The Record of Music”in The Book of Rites to the development of shi yan zhi.展开更多
“Chanting to express one's qing(emotions)and xing(natural inclination)”holds a central position in a series of lyrical theories in Chinese classical poetics.Based on the philosophy of emotions and dispositions,t...“Chanting to express one's qing(emotions)and xing(natural inclination)”holds a central position in a series of lyrical theories in Chinese classical poetics.Based on the philosophy of emotions and dispositions,this concept marks the development from the expression of aspirations and emotions in general and collective poetics prevalent in the pre-Qin period to the lyrical theory of individual poetics.The poetry of literati in the Han and Wei dynasties originated from the view of“expressing aspirations”and gave rise to the view of“springing from emotions.”During the Southern and Northern dynasties,poetic thought centered on qing and xing began to be established,and people often associated poetry with“chanting to express one's qing and xing”in addition to the concepts of“expressing aspirations”and“springing from emotions.”The poetics of the Tang Dynasty absorbed the view of“Introduction to Mao's Version of The Book of Odes”on the ballads and court hymns composed in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the theory of qing and xing from the Southern and Northern dynasties.Its fundamental assertion regarding poetry is“chanting to express one's qing and xing,”and it endowed the traditional theory of qing and xing with an emphasis on individuality and a reverence for natural aesthetics.Despite advocating the didactic purpose,the poetics of the Tang Dynasty essentially aligned with the ballads composed in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty,“chanting to express one's qing and xing.”In the Song Dynasty,the theory of qing and xing was combined with individual ethical essence,serving as the ideological foundation of the emphasis on reason in Song poetry.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,poets still followed the traditional theory of qing and xing,considering qing and xing as the foundation of poetry.Among them,the school of“expressing one's inner self”emphasized the natural expression of individuality and valued inspiration and innovation.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Fifty-six completed cycles i...Aim: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Fifty-six completed cycles in 46 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were grouped according to the semen parameters of their male partners. Group 1 was 47 cycles that presented motile and normal morphology spermatozoa in ejaculates and Group 2 was the other nine cycles where male partners were diagnosed as obstructive azoospermia and spermatozoa could only be found in testicular tissue fragment. All female patients received minimal stimulation with gonadotropin. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro and inseminated by ICSI. The spermatozoa from testes were retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration. Results: A total of 449 and 78 immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 48 hours, 75.5 % (339/449) and 84.6 % (66/78) oocytes were matured in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The percentage of oocytes achieving normal fertilization was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 (72.9 % vs. 54.5 %, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of oocytes cleavage and clinical pregnancies in these two groups [87.4 % (216/247) vs. 88.9 % (32/36); 21.3 % (10/47) vs. 44.4 % (4/9)]. A total of 15 babies in the two groups were healthy delivered at term. Conclusion: It appears that IVM combined with ICSI using testicular spermatozoa can produce healthy infants, while the normal fertilization rate of in vitro matured oocytes after ICSI using testicular spermatozoa was significantly lower than using the ejaculated spermatozoa.展开更多
Understanding the persistence and success of students has gained increasing attention to unravel the ＂architectural education black-box.＂ However, the motivation and pre- socialization of incoming students were larg...Understanding the persistence and success of students has gained increasing attention to unravel the ＂architectural education black-box.＂ However, the motivation and pre- socialization of incoming students were largely ignored as these factors fell outside the direct control of architecture schools. Motivational factors can affect the educational process given that the values, expectations, and career-related goals of incoming students influence their attitudes to education. This study seeks to uncover the motivational factors of applicants to an architecture program in East Africa and appreciate those factors that lead students into architecture as a career choice. Through qualitative content analysis, the study revealed the motivational factors of applicants, which were classified into four groups： educational, external, personal, and prestige. These factors were comparable with those found in previous studies conducted in Europe and North America, but nevertheless highlight contextual variances unique to the region. The findings raise questions of the role architecture education in engaging incoming students in discourse that aids their understanding of architecture and architectural education.展开更多
Can a planned merger bring two loss-making Shanghai air carriers back to life?By pursuing a merger with Shanghai Airlines Corp. Ltd., the struggling air travel giant China Eastern Airlines Corp. Ltd. is injecting some...Can a planned merger bring two loss-making Shanghai air carriers back to life?By pursuing a merger with Shanghai Airlines Corp. Ltd., the struggling air travel giant China Eastern Airlines Corp. Ltd. is injecting some steam into what looks to be a languid season.展开更多
文摘During the pre-Qin period,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)was not a poetic concept.It primarily served to shape Confucian ideology,carrying significant discourse implications.The practices of shi yan zhi and bi zhi in religious rituals held important implications for poem reciting,a prevalent activity during the banquet ceremonies in the Spring and Autumn Period and its various forms.Together,they established the rites and music tradition characterized by yanshuo(speeches).This tradition further established the status of The Book of Odes as a classic,furnishing high-ranking officials and Confucian scholars with legitimacy and rich discourse resources to develop new ideologies.The different interpretations and applications of shi yan zhi resulted in diverse discourse models,such as duanzhang-quyi(to interpret out of context),xin’er youzheng(being reliable and borne out by evidence),wenwang yinyan(no word,no expression of thoughts)and yiyi-nizhi(interpreting a writing from one’s perspective).Through these different interpretations and applications,the scholarly-official class established multiple values and objectives,such as liyan buxiu(advocating lasting noble ideas untouched by time),xing-guan-qun yuan(stimulation,contemplation,communication,and criticism),shang you(befriending those superior to oneself),fa hu qing,zhi hu li yi(starting with feelings and control with propriety).In the process of building a unified ideology in the Han Dynasty,the“Introduction to Mao’s Version of The Book of Odes”advocated the unity of qing(sentiment)and zhi(aspiration),infusing shi yan zhi with connotations of enlightenment as well as extolment and satirical criticism.This advocacy redefined the political authority and discourse models of the scholar-official class,objectively unveiling the literary features of poetry,such as evoking an emotional response and commencing the practice of education through poetry teaching.
文摘The study explores the yearnings of fisherfolks on their child’s education, hindrances, and factors that shape their desire as parents. Field observations and key informant interview among elder members of fisherfolk communities surrounding the Albay, Ragay, and Asid Gulfs of the Bicol Region was utilized. The study revealed that the majority of the fisherfolk parents do not want their children to continue fishing as their main source of livelihood because of potential risks, hardships, and cultural factors like collectivism, close family ties, and dependence on the elders. The parents’ aspirations were shaped by their persistence over various threats, fears, personal unfulfilled dreams, and career opportunities thru education. Most of the parents desired a college education and a safe and secure profession for their children. The study deduced that these challenges can be a contributory factor for the declining number of fisherfolks surrounding the gulfs. Influencing this sector is the factor motivating fishers in their aspirations for their children’s education. The study recommends introducing strategies for fisherfolks to develop a strong sense of hope and drive in realizing their aspirations and further research on the impact of culture, the role of women and children, and fisherfolks and their success stories.
文摘This paper delves into the ancient concept of shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)within Chinese poetry.It examines the precise meaning of zhi,the dialectical relationship between yan and zhi,and the historical development of“poetry expressing aspirations.”It further looks at how this foundational concept underpins the logical construction of Chinese poetic tradition,reaffirming its historical significance as the“manifesto”of Chinese poetics.
文摘The phrase,shi yan zhi(poetry expressing aspirations)is ancient China’s first ontology of poetry,and therefore its significance should be examined from the ontological perspective.This paper explores the historical context in which this theory is created in three respects:the maturity of the artistic form that integrates poetry,music,and dance,the establishment of governance through an education system,and the establishment of an ethical system.This paper holds that as an ancient and classical theory,shi yan zhi was embraced and carried forward by the scholar-officials of the Spring and Autumn Period when reciting poems,and later was cited and further expanded by the pre-Qin philosophers.Zhi is the unique attribute of The Book of Odes to distinguish it from other classics.This paper also investigates the evolution history from shi yan zhi to the six music language skills and six forms of poetry described in“The Office of Spring”in The Rites of Zhou,as well as the six essential elements mentioned in the Introduction to Mao’s Version of The Book of Odes,highlighting the contribution of“The Record of Music”in The Book of Rites to the development of shi yan zhi.
文摘“Chanting to express one's qing(emotions)and xing(natural inclination)”holds a central position in a series of lyrical theories in Chinese classical poetics.Based on the philosophy of emotions and dispositions,this concept marks the development from the expression of aspirations and emotions in general and collective poetics prevalent in the pre-Qin period to the lyrical theory of individual poetics.The poetry of literati in the Han and Wei dynasties originated from the view of“expressing aspirations”and gave rise to the view of“springing from emotions.”During the Southern and Northern dynasties,poetic thought centered on qing and xing began to be established,and people often associated poetry with“chanting to express one's qing and xing”in addition to the concepts of“expressing aspirations”and“springing from emotions.”The poetics of the Tang Dynasty absorbed the view of“Introduction to Mao's Version of The Book of Odes”on the ballads and court hymns composed in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the theory of qing and xing from the Southern and Northern dynasties.Its fundamental assertion regarding poetry is“chanting to express one's qing and xing,”and it endowed the traditional theory of qing and xing with an emphasis on individuality and a reverence for natural aesthetics.Despite advocating the didactic purpose,the poetics of the Tang Dynasty essentially aligned with the ballads composed in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty,“chanting to express one's qing and xing.”In the Song Dynasty,the theory of qing and xing was combined with individual ethical essence,serving as the ideological foundation of the emphasis on reason in Song poetry.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,poets still followed the traditional theory of qing and xing,considering qing and xing as the foundation of poetry.Among them,the school of“expressing one's inner self”emphasized the natural expression of individuality and valued inspiration and innovation.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Fifty-six completed cycles in 46 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were grouped according to the semen parameters of their male partners. Group 1 was 47 cycles that presented motile and normal morphology spermatozoa in ejaculates and Group 2 was the other nine cycles where male partners were diagnosed as obstructive azoospermia and spermatozoa could only be found in testicular tissue fragment. All female patients received minimal stimulation with gonadotropin. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro and inseminated by ICSI. The spermatozoa from testes were retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration. Results: A total of 449 and 78 immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 48 hours, 75.5 % (339/449) and 84.6 % (66/78) oocytes were matured in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The percentage of oocytes achieving normal fertilization was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 (72.9 % vs. 54.5 %, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of oocytes cleavage and clinical pregnancies in these two groups [87.4 % (216/247) vs. 88.9 % (32/36); 21.3 % (10/47) vs. 44.4 % (4/9)]. A total of 15 babies in the two groups were healthy delivered at term. Conclusion: It appears that IVM combined with ICSI using testicular spermatozoa can produce healthy infants, while the normal fertilization rate of in vitro matured oocytes after ICSI using testicular spermatozoa was significantly lower than using the ejaculated spermatozoa.
文摘Understanding the persistence and success of students has gained increasing attention to unravel the ＂architectural education black-box.＂ However, the motivation and pre- socialization of incoming students were largely ignored as these factors fell outside the direct control of architecture schools. Motivational factors can affect the educational process given that the values, expectations, and career-related goals of incoming students influence their attitudes to education. This study seeks to uncover the motivational factors of applicants to an architecture program in East Africa and appreciate those factors that lead students into architecture as a career choice. Through qualitative content analysis, the study revealed the motivational factors of applicants, which were classified into four groups： educational, external, personal, and prestige. These factors were comparable with those found in previous studies conducted in Europe and North America, but nevertheless highlight contextual variances unique to the region. The findings raise questions of the role architecture education in engaging incoming students in discourse that aids their understanding of architecture and architectural education.
文摘Can a planned merger bring two loss-making Shanghai air carriers back to life?By pursuing a merger with Shanghai Airlines Corp. Ltd., the struggling air travel giant China Eastern Airlines Corp. Ltd. is injecting some steam into what looks to be a languid season.
