In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochond...In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b.Both analyses resolved R.altaica as nesting deeply within R.arvalis.Most samples of the nominal R.altaica from the Altai region and specimens from Central Siberia shared a haplotype with R.arvalis based on the network analysis.The matrilineal relationships suggested that R.altaica should be considered as a junior synonym of R.arvalis.Furthermore,our study suggested that the species group division of Chinese brown frogs should be re-evaluated within a phylogenetic context.展开更多
Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of consumption.Ethyl-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quanti...Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of consumption.Ethyl-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quantitative bait marker,which has been used for studying bait uptake in several carnivores and ungulates.We developed a bait with Et-IPA,assessed its palatability to common voles(Microtus arvalis),and determined the dose-residue-relation for this important agricultural pest rodent species.Et-IPA concentrations of 40 to 1280μg Et-IPA per g bait were applied to wheat using sunflower oil or polyethylene glycol 300 as potential carriers.In a laboratory study,common voles were offered the bait and blood samples were collected 1,7,and 14 days after consumption.The samples were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS/MS for blood residues of Et-IPA.Sunflower-oil was the most suitable bait carrier.Et-IPA seemed to be palatable to common voles at all test concentrations.Dose-dependent residues could be detected in blood samples in a dose-dependent manner and up to 14 days after uptake enabling generation of a calibration curve of the dose-residue relationship.Et-IPA was present in common vole blood for at least 14 days,but there was dissipation by 33–37%depending on dose.Et-IPA meets many criteria for an“ideal”quantitative bait marker for use in futurefield studies on common voles and possibly other small mammal species.展开更多
In the paper, DNA fingerprinting patterns of common vole (Microtus arvalis) were detected with HindIII, HinfI and microsatellite probe (GTG) 5 .The results showed that legible DNA fingerprints were not produced with H...In the paper, DNA fingerprinting patterns of common vole (Microtus arvalis) were detected with HindIII, HinfI and microsatellite probe (GTG) 5 .The results showed that legible DNA fingerprints were not produced with HindIII and probe (GTG) 5, however HinfI and probe (GTG)5 produced abundantly informative DNA fingerprints. DNA fingerprints were individual-specific and represented higher polymorphism in number, intensity and distribution bands among individuals. The band-sharing rates (BSR) between individuals were determined by the DNA fingerprints. The average band numbers and average band-sharing rates in fragment length region (FLR) of >2.3 kb were 29.625±5.012 and 0.388±0.083 respectively. Correlative fingerprint-data with the population were calculated from average BSR. In this study, a technical basis is established for application of multilocus DNA fingerprinting in common vole.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700065)the Program for Fostering Young Talents of Kunming Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(0706571141)~~
文摘In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b.Both analyses resolved R.altaica as nesting deeply within R.arvalis.Most samples of the nominal R.altaica from the Altai region and specimens from Central Siberia shared a haplotype with R.arvalis based on the network analysis.The matrilineal relationships suggested that R.altaica should be considered as a junior synonym of R.arvalis.Furthermore,our study suggested that the species group division of Chinese brown frogs should be re-evaluated within a phylogenetic context.
基金funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture due to a parliamentary resolution within the federal program“Organic farming and other forms of sustainable agriculture”(file#2815NA113)All animal experimentation was conducted in accordance with EU and federal legislation(file#No.81-02.04.2019.A246).
文摘Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of consumption.Ethyl-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quantitative bait marker,which has been used for studying bait uptake in several carnivores and ungulates.We developed a bait with Et-IPA,assessed its palatability to common voles(Microtus arvalis),and determined the dose-residue-relation for this important agricultural pest rodent species.Et-IPA concentrations of 40 to 1280μg Et-IPA per g bait were applied to wheat using sunflower oil or polyethylene glycol 300 as potential carriers.In a laboratory study,common voles were offered the bait and blood samples were collected 1,7,and 14 days after consumption.The samples were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS/MS for blood residues of Et-IPA.Sunflower-oil was the most suitable bait carrier.Et-IPA seemed to be palatable to common voles at all test concentrations.Dose-dependent residues could be detected in blood samples in a dose-dependent manner and up to 14 days after uptake enabling generation of a calibration curve of the dose-residue relationship.Et-IPA was present in common vole blood for at least 14 days,but there was dissipation by 33–37%depending on dose.Et-IPA meets many criteria for an“ideal”quantitative bait marker for use in futurefield studies on common voles and possibly other small mammal species.
文摘In the paper, DNA fingerprinting patterns of common vole (Microtus arvalis) were detected with HindIII, HinfI and microsatellite probe (GTG) 5 .The results showed that legible DNA fingerprints were not produced with HindIII and probe (GTG) 5, however HinfI and probe (GTG)5 produced abundantly informative DNA fingerprints. DNA fingerprints were individual-specific and represented higher polymorphism in number, intensity and distribution bands among individuals. The band-sharing rates (BSR) between individuals were determined by the DNA fingerprints. The average band numbers and average band-sharing rates in fragment length region (FLR) of >2.3 kb were 29.625±5.012 and 0.388±0.083 respectively. Correlative fingerprint-data with the population were calculated from average BSR. In this study, a technical basis is established for application of multilocus DNA fingerprinting in common vole.
