Appendicitis bilharzia is a very rare condition and we report 3 cases of this pathology that sense clinical and biological similarities with bacterial appendicitis. The etiological diagnosis was exclusively histopatho...Appendicitis bilharzia is a very rare condition and we report 3 cases of this pathology that sense clinical and biological similarities with bacterial appendicitis. The etiological diagnosis was exclusively histopathological, this allowed to highlight eggs of Schistosome in the appendicular wall in the three patients. The surgical treatment was supplemented by a specific medical treatment based on praziquantel. The surgical suites were simple for 2 patients, complicated by superficial parietal suppuration in a patient.展开更多
Diarrhea is a common complication in solid organ transplant(SOT) recipients and may be attributed to immunosuppressive drugs or infectious organisms such as bacteria, viruses or parasites. Cryptosporidium usually caus...Diarrhea is a common complication in solid organ transplant(SOT) recipients and may be attributed to immunosuppressive drugs or infectious organisms such as bacteria, viruses or parasites. Cryptosporidium usually causes self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts. Although it is estimated that cryptosporidium is involved in about 12% of cases of infectious diarrhea in developing countries and causes approximately 748000 cases each year in the United States, it is still an under recognized and important cause of infectious diarrhea in SOT recipients. It may run a protracted course with severe diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte depletion and potential for organ failure. Although diagnostic methodologies have improved significantly, allowing for fast and accurate identification of the parasite, treatment of the disease is difficult because antiparasitic drugs have modest activity at best. Current management includes fluid and electrolyte replacement, reduction of immunosuppression and single therapy with Nitazoxanide or combination therapy with Nitazoxanide and other drugs. Future drug and vaccine development may add to the currently poor armamentarium to manage the disease. The current review highlights key epidemiological, diagnostic and management issues in the SOT population.展开更多
Objective: To investigate 33 organic extracts of mangrove plants for: antiparasitic, anticancer, and antibacterial activities, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Methods: Le...Objective: To investigate 33 organic extracts of mangrove plants for: antiparasitic, anticancer, and antibacterial activities, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Methods: Leaves from all different plant mangrove species located in five mangrove zones of the Pacific coast of Panama were collected according to standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the organic extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography. The antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani, toxicity against Artemia salina, anticancer activity in MCF-7 cell line, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of all organic extract were investigated according protocols stablished in our institution. Finally, the ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase was evaluated by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl α-Dglucopyranoside. Results: Thirty-three different samples belonging to nine different species of vascular plants with seeds of true mangroves were collected. Triterpenoids, phenolics, and tannins were the main groups of compounds found in the sampled mangroves. Saponins, quinones, and coumarins were found in less than 50%of the samples. Laguncularia racemosa showed moderate activity against Plasmodium falciparum. None of the extracts presented anticancer activity. Rhizophora mangle exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis [(90.41 ±7.33)% and(96.02±6.14)% of inhibition]; Avicennia germinans and Conocarpus erectus had activity against Escherichia coli[(71.17±6.15)% and(60.60±5. 13)% of inhibition,respectively]. About 60% of the mangroves showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In particular, extracts from Laguncularia racemosa, Pelliciera rhizophorae, Conocarpus erectus, Mora oleifera, and Tabebuia palustris species showed α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, with IC_(50) values of(29.45±0展开更多
Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, and it may also cause chronic and life-threatening diarrhea in those that ...Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, and it may also cause chronic and life-threatening diarrhea in those that are immunocompromised[1]. The two main routes of Cryptosporidium transmission are via water and food. At least 30 Cryptosporidium species have been confirmed, including C. andersoni, with more than 70 genotypes of undefined species.展开更多
Thymol is one of the most important phytochemical components because of its pharmacological and bioactive potential effects. This review focuses particularly on thymol as an alternative natural antiparasitic with pote...Thymol is one of the most important phytochemical components because of its pharmacological and bioactive potential effects. This review focuses particularly on thymol as an alternative natural antiparasitic with potential use in the pharmaceutical industry. This is in line with the preferences of the natural products for treatment being safer and without side effects. The biosynthesis pathways of thymol and carvacrol have been discussed, and mechanism of action of thymol on parasites. Studies on thymol confirmed the activity of thymol as anti-parasite against anthelmintic, <em>Trypanosoma</em> ssp., <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, <em>Leishmania</em> spp., <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, <em>Giardia duodenalis</em>, <em>Eimeria</em> ssp., <em>Cryptosporidium baileyi </em>and<em> Cryptosporidium galli</em>.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity of Eugenia jambolana(E. jambolana) and Eugenia uniflora(E. uniflora) extracts and fractions.Methods: The products were characterized by LC...Objective: To evaluate the trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity of Eugenia jambolana(E. jambolana) and Eugenia uniflora(E. uniflora) extracts and fractions.Methods: The products were characterized by LC–MS. Antiparasitic assays were performed and cytotoxicity was evaluated in fibroblastos. In vitro assays were performed using spectrophotometric evaluation. All assays were performed in thrice.Results: The results showed that the extracts and the tannic fraction from E. jambolana inhibited 100% of the epimastigote lines. The ethanolic extract was the most efficient in all concentrations tested against the three parasite strains. In the cytotoxicity assay the flavonoid fraction showed low toxicity. All E. uniflora samples showed cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested, but the extract showed no toxic effect on the fibroblasts at the lowest concentration. The flavonoid and tannic fractions were more efficient against Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes compared to the extract. However, the extracts and the tannic fraction were more effective against Leishmania infantum strains. The effect on epimastigote cells was observed at all concentrations tested, with all E. uniflora samples. However, the samples were more effective at the highest concentration, where there was inhibition in 100% of the Trypanosoma cruzi strains.Conclusions: The species E. jambolana and E. uniflora presented antiparasitic activity against all tested parasite strains, indicating that these species can serve as an alternative therapy as they were efficient in the tests performed. The E. uniflora extract and the E. jambolana flavonoid fraction presented a low cytotoxicity, opening the floor for new biological studies.展开更多
The effect of culture conditions on the production of bioactive secondary metabolites by the endophytic fungus Arthrinium State of Apiospora Montagnei Sacc. was investigated. Culture broths were partitioned with ethyl...The effect of culture conditions on the production of bioactive secondary metabolites by the endophytic fungus Arthrinium State of Apiospora Montagnei Sacc. was investigated. Culture broths were partitioned with ethyl acetate and the resulting extracts were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and antiparasitic activities. The highest levels of activities were arisen from cultures cultivated at 30。C in modified Czapek medium. The best antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 90 μg/ml), and against Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC 130 μg/ml) were found in extracts from cultures grown in medium containing 3.1% (w/v) sucrose and 0.1% (w/v) sodium nitrate at pH 4.0 after 9 days of incubation. Cultures grown in medium without modification also showed antiparasitic and antitumoral activities after 9 days at pH 4.0, antifungal activity against Candida albicans at pH 4.0 - 7.0 (MIC 140 μg/ml), but against A. fumigatus just after 27 days of incubation. A specific bioactive compound may have its production improved if the culture conditions parameters that affect or influence the production were known, which in turn makes the purification process easier.展开更多
As an economically important marine fish,the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea suffered from marine white spot disease caused by the ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans in recent years.This disease not only coul...As an economically important marine fish,the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea suffered from marine white spot disease caused by the ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans in recent years.This disease not only could result in physiological damage,but also lead to secondary bacterial invasion.Reports indicated some AMPs(antimicrobial peptides)were of antiparasitic activity to C.irritans.Hepcidin-like(Lc-HepL)was one of the significant differential expression genes excavated from the transcriptome following a challenge with C.irritans.In this study,we characterized this AMP’s bioactivity based on the levels of mRNA and protein.After challenged by C.irritans,qRT-PCR showed Lc-HepL was significantly upregulated in six tissues,including gill,muscle,liver,head kidney and spleen during theront infection,trophont falling off,and secondary bacterial invasion stages,which implicated a role Lc-HepL played in the immune defense against C.irritans and secondary bacterial infection.Recombinant Lc-HepL(rLc-HepL)was induced and purified successfully.rLc-HepL exhibited antibacterial activity to certain bacteria in a dose-and time-dependent manners.Anti-C.irritans activity was explored for the first time and found it could cause the theronts membrane rupture and contents leakage.These results provided the first evidence that Lc-HepL had strong antiparasitic activity against marine fish ectoparasites C.irritans theronts.Together,data indicated that Lc-HepL might be an important component in the innate immune system against C.irritans and has the potential to be employed in future drug development.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-microsporidial effects of the active component of Nigella sativa seeds,thymoquinone,against Encephalitozoon intestinalis using an in vitro model.Methods:Anti-microsporidial effect of thy...Objective:To evaluate the anti-microsporidial effects of the active component of Nigella sativa seeds,thymoquinone,against Encephalitozoon intestinalis using an in vitro model.Methods:Anti-microsporidial effect of thymoquinone against Encephalitozoon intestinalis was evaluated by using various concentrations of thymoquinone(0,1,5,10,15,20,30,35,and 40μM)and sterile dimethyl sulfoxide.Real time PCR was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of thymoquinone on the life cycle of Encephalitozoon intestinalis.Results:The cytotoxic effect of thymoquinone on HEK293 cell line was observed with 30,35,and 40μM concentrations of thymoquinone after 24,48,and 72 hours of incubation.It was observed that 10,15,20,and 30μM concentrations of thymoquinone decreased the spore density compared with the control;however,it was significant only at 30μM.Conclusions:Thymoquinone shows potent anti-microsporidial effects against Encephalitozoon intestinalis in the in vitro model;however,the toxic concentrations of thymoquinone are also toxic to the host cells.展开更多
文摘Appendicitis bilharzia is a very rare condition and we report 3 cases of this pathology that sense clinical and biological similarities with bacterial appendicitis. The etiological diagnosis was exclusively histopathological, this allowed to highlight eggs of Schistosome in the appendicular wall in the three patients. The surgical treatment was supplemented by a specific medical treatment based on praziquantel. The surgical suites were simple for 2 patients, complicated by superficial parietal suppuration in a patient.
文摘Diarrhea is a common complication in solid organ transplant(SOT) recipients and may be attributed to immunosuppressive drugs or infectious organisms such as bacteria, viruses or parasites. Cryptosporidium usually causes self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts. Although it is estimated that cryptosporidium is involved in about 12% of cases of infectious diarrhea in developing countries and causes approximately 748000 cases each year in the United States, it is still an under recognized and important cause of infectious diarrhea in SOT recipients. It may run a protracted course with severe diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte depletion and potential for organ failure. Although diagnostic methodologies have improved significantly, allowing for fast and accurate identification of the parasite, treatment of the disease is difficult because antiparasitic drugs have modest activity at best. Current management includes fluid and electrolyte replacement, reduction of immunosuppression and single therapy with Nitazoxanide or combination therapy with Nitazoxanide and other drugs. Future drug and vaccine development may add to the currently poor armamentarium to manage the disease. The current review highlights key epidemiological, diagnostic and management issues in the SOT population.
基金partially supported by the National Secretariat for Science and Technology of Panama(SENACYT)[grant number FID14-063]supported by funds from the National Secretariat of Science,Technology and Innovation(SENACYT)doctoral[grant number 270-2011-154]supported by funds from the National Research System of SENACYT[SNI1472016 and SNI1452016,respectively]
文摘Objective: To investigate 33 organic extracts of mangrove plants for: antiparasitic, anticancer, and antibacterial activities, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Methods: Leaves from all different plant mangrove species located in five mangrove zones of the Pacific coast of Panama were collected according to standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the organic extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography. The antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani, toxicity against Artemia salina, anticancer activity in MCF-7 cell line, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of all organic extract were investigated according protocols stablished in our institution. Finally, the ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase was evaluated by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl α-Dglucopyranoside. Results: Thirty-three different samples belonging to nine different species of vascular plants with seeds of true mangroves were collected. Triterpenoids, phenolics, and tannins were the main groups of compounds found in the sampled mangroves. Saponins, quinones, and coumarins were found in less than 50%of the samples. Laguncularia racemosa showed moderate activity against Plasmodium falciparum. None of the extracts presented anticancer activity. Rhizophora mangle exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis [(90.41 ±7.33)% and(96.02±6.14)% of inhibition]; Avicennia germinans and Conocarpus erectus had activity against Escherichia coli[(71.17±6.15)% and(60.60±5. 13)% of inhibition,respectively]. About 60% of the mangroves showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In particular, extracts from Laguncularia racemosa, Pelliciera rhizophorae, Conocarpus erectus, Mora oleifera, and Tabebuia palustris species showed α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, with IC_(50) values of(29.45±0
基金supported by the Chinese Special Program for Scientific Research of Public Health [No.201502021 to JC]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.81371841 and 81772225 to JC]the Fourth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai,China [No.15GWZK0101 to JC]
文摘Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, and it may also cause chronic and life-threatening diarrhea in those that are immunocompromised[1]. The two main routes of Cryptosporidium transmission are via water and food. At least 30 Cryptosporidium species have been confirmed, including C. andersoni, with more than 70 genotypes of undefined species.
文摘Thymol is one of the most important phytochemical components because of its pharmacological and bioactive potential effects. This review focuses particularly on thymol as an alternative natural antiparasitic with potential use in the pharmaceutical industry. This is in line with the preferences of the natural products for treatment being safer and without side effects. The biosynthesis pathways of thymol and carvacrol have been discussed, and mechanism of action of thymol on parasites. Studies on thymol confirmed the activity of thymol as anti-parasite against anthelmintic, <em>Trypanosoma</em> ssp., <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, <em>Leishmania</em> spp., <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, <em>Giardia duodenalis</em>, <em>Eimeria</em> ssp., <em>Cryptosporidium baileyi </em>and<em> Cryptosporidium galli</em>.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity of Eugenia jambolana(E. jambolana) and Eugenia uniflora(E. uniflora) extracts and fractions.Methods: The products were characterized by LC–MS. Antiparasitic assays were performed and cytotoxicity was evaluated in fibroblastos. In vitro assays were performed using spectrophotometric evaluation. All assays were performed in thrice.Results: The results showed that the extracts and the tannic fraction from E. jambolana inhibited 100% of the epimastigote lines. The ethanolic extract was the most efficient in all concentrations tested against the three parasite strains. In the cytotoxicity assay the flavonoid fraction showed low toxicity. All E. uniflora samples showed cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested, but the extract showed no toxic effect on the fibroblasts at the lowest concentration. The flavonoid and tannic fractions were more efficient against Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes compared to the extract. However, the extracts and the tannic fraction were more effective against Leishmania infantum strains. The effect on epimastigote cells was observed at all concentrations tested, with all E. uniflora samples. However, the samples were more effective at the highest concentration, where there was inhibition in 100% of the Trypanosoma cruzi strains.Conclusions: The species E. jambolana and E. uniflora presented antiparasitic activity against all tested parasite strains, indicating that these species can serve as an alternative therapy as they were efficient in the tests performed. The E. uniflora extract and the E. jambolana flavonoid fraction presented a low cytotoxicity, opening the floor for new biological studies.
文摘The effect of culture conditions on the production of bioactive secondary metabolites by the endophytic fungus Arthrinium State of Apiospora Montagnei Sacc. was investigated. Culture broths were partitioned with ethyl acetate and the resulting extracts were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and antiparasitic activities. The highest levels of activities were arisen from cultures cultivated at 30。C in modified Czapek medium. The best antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 90 μg/ml), and against Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC 130 μg/ml) were found in extracts from cultures grown in medium containing 3.1% (w/v) sucrose and 0.1% (w/v) sodium nitrate at pH 4.0 after 9 days of incubation. Cultures grown in medium without modification also showed antiparasitic and antitumoral activities after 9 days at pH 4.0, antifungal activity against Candida albicans at pH 4.0 - 7.0 (MIC 140 μg/ml), but against A. fumigatus just after 27 days of incubation. A specific bioactive compound may have its production improved if the culture conditions parameters that affect or influence the production were known, which in turn makes the purification process easier.
基金Foundation item:The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2018YFC1406302the Local Science and Technology Development Project Guide by the Central Government under contract No.2017L3019+2 种基金the Development Project Guide by the Central Government under contract No.2017L3019the Technical Innovation Platform for Large Yellow Croaker under contract No.XDHT2018143Athe Major Special Projects of Fujian Province under contract No.2016NZ0001.
文摘As an economically important marine fish,the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea suffered from marine white spot disease caused by the ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans in recent years.This disease not only could result in physiological damage,but also lead to secondary bacterial invasion.Reports indicated some AMPs(antimicrobial peptides)were of antiparasitic activity to C.irritans.Hepcidin-like(Lc-HepL)was one of the significant differential expression genes excavated from the transcriptome following a challenge with C.irritans.In this study,we characterized this AMP’s bioactivity based on the levels of mRNA and protein.After challenged by C.irritans,qRT-PCR showed Lc-HepL was significantly upregulated in six tissues,including gill,muscle,liver,head kidney and spleen during theront infection,trophont falling off,and secondary bacterial invasion stages,which implicated a role Lc-HepL played in the immune defense against C.irritans and secondary bacterial infection.Recombinant Lc-HepL(rLc-HepL)was induced and purified successfully.rLc-HepL exhibited antibacterial activity to certain bacteria in a dose-and time-dependent manners.Anti-C.irritans activity was explored for the first time and found it could cause the theronts membrane rupture and contents leakage.These results provided the first evidence that Lc-HepL had strong antiparasitic activity against marine fish ectoparasites C.irritans theronts.Together,data indicated that Lc-HepL might be an important component in the innate immune system against C.irritans and has the potential to be employed in future drug development.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-microsporidial effects of the active component of Nigella sativa seeds,thymoquinone,against Encephalitozoon intestinalis using an in vitro model.Methods:Anti-microsporidial effect of thymoquinone against Encephalitozoon intestinalis was evaluated by using various concentrations of thymoquinone(0,1,5,10,15,20,30,35,and 40μM)and sterile dimethyl sulfoxide.Real time PCR was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of thymoquinone on the life cycle of Encephalitozoon intestinalis.Results:The cytotoxic effect of thymoquinone on HEK293 cell line was observed with 30,35,and 40μM concentrations of thymoquinone after 24,48,and 72 hours of incubation.It was observed that 10,15,20,and 30μM concentrations of thymoquinone decreased the spore density compared with the control;however,it was significant only at 30μM.Conclusions:Thymoquinone shows potent anti-microsporidial effects against Encephalitozoon intestinalis in the in vitro model;however,the toxic concentrations of thymoquinone are also toxic to the host cells.
