Worldwide,infections caused by drug‐resistant pathogens constitute a significant challenge threatening therapeutic efforts.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),antimicrobial resistance(AMR)ranks among the ...Worldwide,infections caused by drug‐resistant pathogens constitute a significant challenge threatening therapeutic efforts.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),antimicrobial resistance(AMR)ranks among the top 10 global public health threats.Organisms with a high rate of multiple host adaptivity,significant genetic diversity(multiple lineages),high virulence factors,and genetic exchange have been isolated from various sources(humans,animals,and the environment)even without exposure to prior antibiotics.Till now,the source of AMR and how resistant clones are selected in the environment remain largely elusive,and potential anthropogenic transmission has been reported in different studies.Various drug‐resistant pathogens,lineages,resistant clones,outbreak clusters,plasmid replicates,and genes that play a critical role in resistance dissemination have been identified.Maintenance of certain multidrug‐resistant(MDR)determinants has also been shown to enhance or support the propagation of MDR.So far,significant advances have been made in understanding the burden of AMR.However,overcoming AMR requires a holistic approach,as there is no single approach with sufficient precision to curb the threat.While strengthening AMR surveillance efforts is essential,as we have shown,there is also a need to intensify efforts to strengthen therapeutic interventions,especially in priority regions such as Africa.Herein,we discussed the burden of AMR and the dissemination of AMR in humans,animals,and the environment(non‐medical drivers).We further delved into the big questions on Africa and discussed how therapeutic interventions involving vaccines and other viable biomaterials could be pivotal in reducing the burden of AMR to the barest minimum.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance presents a significant challenge to clinical,veterinary,and plant health and is now recognized by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a major emerging problem of global significance.As yet,there...Antibiotic resistance presents a significant challenge to clinical,veterinary,and plant health and is now recognized by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a major emerging problem of global significance.As yet,there have been no successful discoveries of classes of novel antibiotics since 1987.There is an antibiotic discovery void,and it is now widely acknowledged that there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.For economic reasons,many of the largest pharmaceutical companies have abandoned the antibiotic field,and research conducted by academia was scaled back due to funding cuts following the economic crisis.A post-antibiotic era-in which common infections and minor injuries can kill-far from being an apocalyptic fantasy,is indeed a very real possibility for the 21st century.展开更多
文摘Worldwide,infections caused by drug‐resistant pathogens constitute a significant challenge threatening therapeutic efforts.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),antimicrobial resistance(AMR)ranks among the top 10 global public health threats.Organisms with a high rate of multiple host adaptivity,significant genetic diversity(multiple lineages),high virulence factors,and genetic exchange have been isolated from various sources(humans,animals,and the environment)even without exposure to prior antibiotics.Till now,the source of AMR and how resistant clones are selected in the environment remain largely elusive,and potential anthropogenic transmission has been reported in different studies.Various drug‐resistant pathogens,lineages,resistant clones,outbreak clusters,plasmid replicates,and genes that play a critical role in resistance dissemination have been identified.Maintenance of certain multidrug‐resistant(MDR)determinants has also been shown to enhance or support the propagation of MDR.So far,significant advances have been made in understanding the burden of AMR.However,overcoming AMR requires a holistic approach,as there is no single approach with sufficient precision to curb the threat.While strengthening AMR surveillance efforts is essential,as we have shown,there is also a need to intensify efforts to strengthen therapeutic interventions,especially in priority regions such as Africa.Herein,we discussed the burden of AMR and the dissemination of AMR in humans,animals,and the environment(non‐medical drivers).We further delved into the big questions on Africa and discussed how therapeutic interventions involving vaccines and other viable biomaterials could be pivotal in reducing the burden of AMR to the barest minimum.
基金DWN thanks Professors James Dooley and Ibrahim Banat at Ulster University for critical comments.The Department of Agriculture,Environment and Rural Affairs(DAERA)is gratefully acknowledged for facilitating this literature review process through an Evidence and Innovation project 16/3/11(activity 48125).
文摘Antibiotic resistance presents a significant challenge to clinical,veterinary,and plant health and is now recognized by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a major emerging problem of global significance.As yet,there have been no successful discoveries of classes of novel antibiotics since 1987.There is an antibiotic discovery void,and it is now widely acknowledged that there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.For economic reasons,many of the largest pharmaceutical companies have abandoned the antibiotic field,and research conducted by academia was scaled back due to funding cuts following the economic crisis.A post-antibiotic era-in which common infections and minor injuries can kill-far from being an apocalyptic fantasy,is indeed a very real possibility for the 21st century.
