Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diame...Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diameter, and stem diameter, were extensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the solid stem trait was rarely considered. In this study, we measured a range of anatomical and chemical characteristics on solid and hollow stemmed wheat cultivars. Significant correlations were detected between resistance to lodging and several anatomical features, including width of mechanical tissue, weight of low internodes, and width of stem walls. Morphological features that gave the best indication of improved lodging resistance were increased stem width, width of mechanical tissue layer, and stem density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 99% of the variation in lodging resistance could be explained by the width of the mechanical tissue layer, suggesting that solid stemmed wheat has several anatomical features for increasing resistance to lodging. In addition, microsatellite markers GWM247 and GWM340 were linked to a single solid stem QTL on chromosome 3BL in a population derived from the cross Xinongshixin(solid stem)/Line 3159(hollow stem). These markers should be valuable in breeding wheat for solid stem.展开更多
Background： The treatment of the condylar fractures is difficult. Factors that result in the fractures are complex. The objective of this morphometric study was to investigate the relationship between condylar fractu...Background： The treatment of the condylar fractures is difficult. Factors that result in the fractures are complex. The objective of this morphometric study was to investigate the relationship between condylar fracture patterns and condylar morphological characteristics. Methods： We conducted a retrospective analysis of 107 patients admitted to the West China Hospital of Stomatology for bilateral condylar fractures caused by parasymphyseal impact. The patients were divided into five groups according to the type of condylar fracture. Ten parameters were evaluated on three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction mandible models through the Mimics 16.0 （Materialize Leuven, Belgium） anthropometry toolkit. Each parameter of the 3D models was analyzed using multivariate analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between the five groups. Results： The results showed that the differences of condylar head width （M 1 ）, condylar neck width （M3）, the ratio of condylar head width to condylar anteroposterior diameter （M1/M2）, the ratio of condylar head width to condylar neck width （M1/M3）, the ratio of condylar height to ramus height （M8/M7）, and mandibular angle （M10） were statistically significant （p 〈 0.05）. Type A condylar head fractures were positively associated with M1 （compared to Type B： OR ：1.627, 95% CI： 1.123, 2.359; compared to Type C： OR = 1.705, 95% CI： 1.170, 2.484） and M1/M2 （compared to Type B： OR = 1.034, 95% CI： 0.879, 2.484）. Type B condylar head fractures were negatively associated with M l 0 （compared to Type C： OR = 0.909, 95% CI： 0.821, 1.007）. Condylar neck fractures were negatively associated with M3 （compared to condylar head： OR = 0.382, CI： 0.203, 0.720 ; compared to condylar base： OR = 0.436, 95% CI： 0.218, 0.874）, and positively associated with M 1/M3 （compared to condylar head： OR = 1.229, 95% CI： 1.063, 1.420 compared to condylar base： OR = 1.223, 95% CI： 1.034展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100302)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KSCX2-EW-N-02)
文摘Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diameter, and stem diameter, were extensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the solid stem trait was rarely considered. In this study, we measured a range of anatomical and chemical characteristics on solid and hollow stemmed wheat cultivars. Significant correlations were detected between resistance to lodging and several anatomical features, including width of mechanical tissue, weight of low internodes, and width of stem walls. Morphological features that gave the best indication of improved lodging resistance were increased stem width, width of mechanical tissue layer, and stem density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 99% of the variation in lodging resistance could be explained by the width of the mechanical tissue layer, suggesting that solid stemmed wheat has several anatomical features for increasing resistance to lodging. In addition, microsatellite markers GWM247 and GWM340 were linked to a single solid stem QTL on chromosome 3BL in a population derived from the cross Xinongshixin(solid stem)/Line 3159(hollow stem). These markers should be valuable in breeding wheat for solid stem.
文摘Background： The treatment of the condylar fractures is difficult. Factors that result in the fractures are complex. The objective of this morphometric study was to investigate the relationship between condylar fracture patterns and condylar morphological characteristics. Methods： We conducted a retrospective analysis of 107 patients admitted to the West China Hospital of Stomatology for bilateral condylar fractures caused by parasymphyseal impact. The patients were divided into five groups according to the type of condylar fracture. Ten parameters were evaluated on three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction mandible models through the Mimics 16.0 （Materialize Leuven, Belgium） anthropometry toolkit. Each parameter of the 3D models was analyzed using multivariate analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between the five groups. Results： The results showed that the differences of condylar head width （M 1 ）, condylar neck width （M3）, the ratio of condylar head width to condylar anteroposterior diameter （M1/M2）, the ratio of condylar head width to condylar neck width （M1/M3）, the ratio of condylar height to ramus height （M8/M7）, and mandibular angle （M10） were statistically significant （p 〈 0.05）. Type A condylar head fractures were positively associated with M1 （compared to Type B： OR ：1.627, 95% CI： 1.123, 2.359; compared to Type C： OR = 1.705, 95% CI： 1.170, 2.484） and M1/M2 （compared to Type B： OR = 1.034, 95% CI： 0.879, 2.484）. Type B condylar head fractures were negatively associated with M l 0 （compared to Type C： OR = 0.909, 95% CI： 0.821, 1.007）. Condylar neck fractures were negatively associated with M3 （compared to condylar head： OR = 0.382, CI： 0.203, 0.720 ; compared to condylar base： OR = 0.436, 95% CI： 0.218, 0.874）, and positively associated with M 1/M3 （compared to condylar head： OR = 1.229, 95% CI： 1.063, 1.420 compared to condylar base： OR = 1.223, 95% CI： 1.034
