A rapid engineering surface panel method to analyze aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics of hypersonic vehicles is developed.To obtain the surface pressure distribution of a hypersonic vehicle,the local surface inclina...A rapid engineering surface panel method to analyze aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics of hypersonic vehicles is developed.To obtain the surface pressure distribution of a hypersonic vehicle,the local surface inclination method is applied to calculate the pressure coefficient for each surface panel element,of which the normal vector is corrected first by using an efficient data structure and Rey-casting algorithm,local Reynolds numbers are calculated according to the geometric streamline method,then the aerodynamic heating flux is computed by both reference enthalpy relations and Reynolds analogy method.Several typical test cases are performed and the results indicate that,the developed tool is effective in predicting the aerodynamics/aerothermodynamics for complex geometry of hypersonic vehicle in a wide range of Mach numbers with a sufficient accuracy.展开更多
交通运输行业碳排放达峰是一项长期的自然演变过程。为研究中国交通运输行业碳达峰进程,本文首先采用国际类比法,选取国外典型国家,对比国家总体碳排放量、交通运输行业碳排放量以及换算周转量三者峰值出现的时间,分析交通运输行业碳排...交通运输行业碳排放达峰是一项长期的自然演变过程。为研究中国交通运输行业碳达峰进程,本文首先采用国际类比法,选取国外典型国家,对比国家总体碳排放量、交通运输行业碳排放量以及换算周转量三者峰值出现的时间,分析交通运输行业碳排放的自然达峰特征,结合交通需求预测,预判中国交通运输行业碳排放自然达峰时间。然后,引入单位换算周转量碳排放量、铁路公路货运比等核心影响因素,构建交通运输碳排放STIRPAT(Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology)预测模型。最后,通过类比分析与模型预测,得到中国交通运输行业碳达峰时间及峰值排放量。国际类比结果表明:交通运输行业碳达峰与国家碳达峰之间没有明确的因果关系,但与换算周转量达峰紧密相关,交通运输行业碳排放达峰时换算周转量达峰或接近峰值;预测中国换算周转量在2048年左右达到26万亿吨公里的平台期,从国际类比的角度判断,中国交通运输行业实现碳排放自然达峰时间约在2040—2043年。STIRPAT模型显示:城镇化率、人均GDP、单位换算周转量碳排放量、铁路公路货运比每增加1%,中国交通运输行业碳排放量将分别增加1.201%、0.259%、0.454%、-0.389%。基于国际类比与STIRPAT模型组合预测判断,中国交通运输行业将在2038—2040年实现碳排放达峰,峰值排放量约为13亿t。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11672133)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education(No.KYLX16_0392)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Education Institutions
文摘A rapid engineering surface panel method to analyze aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics of hypersonic vehicles is developed.To obtain the surface pressure distribution of a hypersonic vehicle,the local surface inclination method is applied to calculate the pressure coefficient for each surface panel element,of which the normal vector is corrected first by using an efficient data structure and Rey-casting algorithm,local Reynolds numbers are calculated according to the geometric streamline method,then the aerodynamic heating flux is computed by both reference enthalpy relations and Reynolds analogy method.Several typical test cases are performed and the results indicate that,the developed tool is effective in predicting the aerodynamics/aerothermodynamics for complex geometry of hypersonic vehicle in a wide range of Mach numbers with a sufficient accuracy.
文摘交通运输行业碳排放达峰是一项长期的自然演变过程。为研究中国交通运输行业碳达峰进程,本文首先采用国际类比法,选取国外典型国家,对比国家总体碳排放量、交通运输行业碳排放量以及换算周转量三者峰值出现的时间,分析交通运输行业碳排放的自然达峰特征,结合交通需求预测,预判中国交通运输行业碳排放自然达峰时间。然后,引入单位换算周转量碳排放量、铁路公路货运比等核心影响因素,构建交通运输碳排放STIRPAT(Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology)预测模型。最后,通过类比分析与模型预测,得到中国交通运输行业碳达峰时间及峰值排放量。国际类比结果表明:交通运输行业碳达峰与国家碳达峰之间没有明确的因果关系,但与换算周转量达峰紧密相关,交通运输行业碳排放达峰时换算周转量达峰或接近峰值;预测中国换算周转量在2048年左右达到26万亿吨公里的平台期,从国际类比的角度判断,中国交通运输行业实现碳排放自然达峰时间约在2040—2043年。STIRPAT模型显示:城镇化率、人均GDP、单位换算周转量碳排放量、铁路公路货运比每增加1%,中国交通运输行业碳排放量将分别增加1.201%、0.259%、0.454%、-0.389%。基于国际类比与STIRPAT模型组合预测判断,中国交通运输行业将在2038—2040年实现碳排放达峰,峰值排放量约为13亿t。
