Phytohormones play important roles in orchestrating plantimmune responses to pathogen attacks.Strigolactones(SLs),a group of carotenoid-derived phytohormones,modulate diverse biological processes in plants,including s...Phytohormones play important roles in orchestrating plantimmune responses to pathogen attacks.Strigolactones(SLs),a group of carotenoid-derived phytohormones,modulate diverse biological processes in plants,including shoot branching,plant height,root architecture,leaf senescence,seed germination of parasitic plants,and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Burger and Chory,2020).Recently,increasing evidence has indicated potential roles for SLs in regulating responses against biotic stresses,including defense responses against certain pathogenic fungi and bacteria in roots and leaves(Yi et al.,2023).展开更多
Ammonia,toxic to aquaculture organisms,represents a potential problem in aquaculture systems,and the situation is exacerbated in closed and intensive shrimp farming operations,expecially for Litopenaeus vannamei.Asses...Ammonia,toxic to aquaculture organisms,represents a potential problem in aquaculture systems,and the situation is exacerbated in closed and intensive shrimp farming operations,expecially for Litopenaeus vannamei.Assessing the potential for the genetic improvement of resistance to ammonia in L.vannamei requires knowledge of the genetic parameters of this trait.The heritability of resistance to ammonia was estimated using two descriptors in the present study:the survival time(ST) and the survival status at half lethal time(SS_(50)) for each individual under high ammonia challenge.The heritability of ST and SS_(50) were low(0.154 4±0.044 6 and 0.147 5±0.040 0,respectively),but they were both significantly different from zero(P<0.01).Moreover,these two estimates were basically the same and showed no significant differences from each other(P>0.05),suggesting that ST and SS_(50) could be used as suitable indicators for resistance to ammonia.There were also positive phenotypic and genetic correlation between resistance to ammonia and body weight,which means that resistance to ammonia can be enhanced by the improvement of husbandry practices that increase the body weight.The results from the present study suggest that the selection for higher body weight does not have any negative consequences for resistance to ammonia.In addition to quantitative genetics,tools from molecular genetics can be applied to selective breeding programs to improve the efficiency of selection for traits with low heritability.展开更多
Pan and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of surface film on ammonia volatilization from water and paddy soil. The results showed that the addition of the surface film on floodwater reduced th...Pan and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of surface film on ammonia volatilization from water and paddy soil. The results showed that the addition of the surface film on floodwater reduced the rate of ammonia volatilization, however, the reduction of the latter varied greatly with its rates of addition. Jayaweera-Mikkelsen ammonia volatilization model with the introduction of a parameter Kf, a relative measure of the resistance of the surface film on ammonia volatilization, was used to elucidate the effectiveness of the surface film on lowering ammonia volatilization. The Kf value was calculated from the results ob-展开更多
Ru-based heterogeneous catalysts have been used in a wide range of important reactions.However,due to the sintering of Ru nanoparticles their practical applications are somewhat restricted.Herein,for the first time we...Ru-based heterogeneous catalysts have been used in a wide range of important reactions.However,due to the sintering of Ru nanoparticles their practical applications are somewhat restricted.Herein,for the first time we report a new and facile strategy to confine Ru and/or Co nanoparticles(NPs) in the channels of N-doped carbon using benzoic acid to guide the deposition location of Ru.The developed catalyst with confined RuCo alloy particles exhibits high resistance against Ru sintering and displays excellent activity and long term stability for NH3 synthesis,achieving an NH3 synthesis rate of up to 18.9 mmol NH_(3) gcat^(-1)h^(-1)at 400℃,which is ca.2.25 times that of the catalyst prepared without confinement(with metal deposited on the support surface).In the latter case,there is an increase of nanoparticle size from 2.52 to 4.25 nm together with ca.48% decrease of NH_(3) synthesis rate after 68 h at 400℃.This study provides a new avenue for simple fabrication of precious-metal-based catalysts that are highly resistant against sintering,specifically suitable for low-temperature synthesis of ammonia with outstanding efficiency.展开更多
对小麦赤霉病不同抗性的苏麦三号(R)、扬麦四号(MR)和南农824(S)三个品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力(u·hr^(-1)·mg^(-1)protein),在拔节期的顶叶中分别测得6.26,12.28和25.12;在孕穗期的麦穗中分别测得140.1,143.3和167.7...对小麦赤霉病不同抗性的苏麦三号(R)、扬麦四号(MR)和南农824(S)三个品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力(u·hr^(-1)·mg^(-1)protein),在拔节期的顶叶中分别测得6.26,12.28和25.12;在孕穗期的麦穗中分别测得140.1,143.3和167.7。滴注接种后8天,苏麦三号、扬麦四号和南农824的病穗中 PAL 比活力与健康穗中的比值分别为0.53,0.67和1.34。用 HPLC 法测定麦穗中绿原酸含量(μg·g^(-1)dry WT),在接种4、8和12天后的苏麦三号穗中分别为32.4,52.4和27.7;扬麦四号穗中分别为60.0,68.0和94.4;南农824穗中分别为123.8,142.2和158.9。绿原酸含量在苏麦三号接种穗中均最低,在南农824接种穗中均最高。禾谷镰刀菌分生孢子在0.05%、0.1%和0.2%的绿原酸溶液中萌发数比对照分别增加214%,614%和970%。上述结果表明,小麦麦穗接种后的 PAL 比活力变化以及绿原酸含量与其抗赤霉病程度呈负相关。展开更多
基金supported by NSFC(32072043,32272116,32122012)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(171023)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023ZYD0086,2023NSFSC0155,2023NSFSC1937,2024NSFTD0022).
文摘Phytohormones play important roles in orchestrating plantimmune responses to pathogen attacks.Strigolactones(SLs),a group of carotenoid-derived phytohormones,modulate diverse biological processes in plants,including shoot branching,plant height,root architecture,leaf senescence,seed germination of parasitic plants,and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Burger and Chory,2020).Recently,increasing evidence has indicated potential roles for SLs in regulating responses against biotic stresses,including defense responses against certain pathogenic fungi and bacteria in roots and leaves(Yi et al.,2023).
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A404)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.Q51201403)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31302179,31172402)the 948 Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(No.2015-Z17)the Improved Agricultural Breeds Engineering Project of Shandong Province-the Taishan Scholar Program for seed industry "Multi-Tarits Selective Breeding of New Variety and Its Industrialization"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(No.20603022013011)
文摘Ammonia,toxic to aquaculture organisms,represents a potential problem in aquaculture systems,and the situation is exacerbated in closed and intensive shrimp farming operations,expecially for Litopenaeus vannamei.Assessing the potential for the genetic improvement of resistance to ammonia in L.vannamei requires knowledge of the genetic parameters of this trait.The heritability of resistance to ammonia was estimated using two descriptors in the present study:the survival time(ST) and the survival status at half lethal time(SS_(50)) for each individual under high ammonia challenge.The heritability of ST and SS_(50) were low(0.154 4±0.044 6 and 0.147 5±0.040 0,respectively),but they were both significantly different from zero(P<0.01).Moreover,these two estimates were basically the same and showed no significant differences from each other(P>0.05),suggesting that ST and SS_(50) could be used as suitable indicators for resistance to ammonia.There were also positive phenotypic and genetic correlation between resistance to ammonia and body weight,which means that resistance to ammonia can be enhanced by the improvement of husbandry practices that increase the body weight.The results from the present study suggest that the selection for higher body weight does not have any negative consequences for resistance to ammonia.In addition to quantitative genetics,tools from molecular genetics can be applied to selective breeding programs to improve the efficiency of selection for traits with low heritability.
文摘Pan and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of surface film on ammonia volatilization from water and paddy soil. The results showed that the addition of the surface film on floodwater reduced the rate of ammonia volatilization, however, the reduction of the latter varied greatly with its rates of addition. Jayaweera-Mikkelsen ammonia volatilization model with the introduction of a parameter Kf, a relative measure of the resistance of the surface film on ammonia volatilization, was used to elucidate the effectiveness of the surface film on lowering ammonia volatilization. The Kf value was calculated from the results ob-
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(21825801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972019)Fujian Outstanding Youth Fund(2019J06011)。
文摘Ru-based heterogeneous catalysts have been used in a wide range of important reactions.However,due to the sintering of Ru nanoparticles their practical applications are somewhat restricted.Herein,for the first time we report a new and facile strategy to confine Ru and/or Co nanoparticles(NPs) in the channels of N-doped carbon using benzoic acid to guide the deposition location of Ru.The developed catalyst with confined RuCo alloy particles exhibits high resistance against Ru sintering and displays excellent activity and long term stability for NH3 synthesis,achieving an NH3 synthesis rate of up to 18.9 mmol NH_(3) gcat^(-1)h^(-1)at 400℃,which is ca.2.25 times that of the catalyst prepared without confinement(with metal deposited on the support surface).In the latter case,there is an increase of nanoparticle size from 2.52 to 4.25 nm together with ca.48% decrease of NH_(3) synthesis rate after 68 h at 400℃.This study provides a new avenue for simple fabrication of precious-metal-based catalysts that are highly resistant against sintering,specifically suitable for low-temperature synthesis of ammonia with outstanding efficiency.
文摘对小麦赤霉病不同抗性的苏麦三号(R)、扬麦四号(MR)和南农824(S)三个品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力(u·hr^(-1)·mg^(-1)protein),在拔节期的顶叶中分别测得6.26,12.28和25.12;在孕穗期的麦穗中分别测得140.1,143.3和167.7。滴注接种后8天,苏麦三号、扬麦四号和南农824的病穗中 PAL 比活力与健康穗中的比值分别为0.53,0.67和1.34。用 HPLC 法测定麦穗中绿原酸含量(μg·g^(-1)dry WT),在接种4、8和12天后的苏麦三号穗中分别为32.4,52.4和27.7;扬麦四号穗中分别为60.0,68.0和94.4;南农824穗中分别为123.8,142.2和158.9。绿原酸含量在苏麦三号接种穗中均最低,在南农824接种穗中均最高。禾谷镰刀菌分生孢子在0.05%、0.1%和0.2%的绿原酸溶液中萌发数比对照分别增加214%,614%和970%。上述结果表明,小麦麦穗接种后的 PAL 比活力变化以及绿原酸含量与其抗赤霉病程度呈负相关。
