本文旨在研究新型复合动植物蛋白源在大菱鲆饲料中替代部分鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉质地的影响。实验设计了4组等氮等能的饲料,以含鱼粉60%的处理组为对照饲料(FM),以小麦粉、豆粕等作为植物蛋白与酶解动物软骨蛋白粉复合分别替代其...本文旨在研究新型复合动植物蛋白源在大菱鲆饲料中替代部分鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉质地的影响。实验设计了4组等氮等能的饲料,以含鱼粉60%的处理组为对照饲料(FM),以小麦粉、豆粕等作为植物蛋白与酶解动物软骨蛋白粉复合分别替代其中40%、50%和60%鱼粉,设置了40I、50I和60I3个试验组。选用初始体质量(8.63±0.03)g的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.),分别用上述4种饲料饲养8周。试验表明:与鱼粉组相比,随着替代水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),50I和60I鱼粉替代处理组饲料效率显著低于FM组和40I处理组(P<0.05)。各处理组大菱鲆幼鱼水分、粗蛋白、脂肪和灰分无显著差异(P>0.05),肥满度、肝体比和脏体比无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料干物质和蛋白的消化率随着替代水平的升高呈下降趋势。以酶解动物软骨蛋白粉和植物蛋白复合替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉硬度、咀嚼性和弹性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。结果表明,酶解动物软骨蛋白粉与植物蛋白复合后可替代大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中40%鱼粉而不影响其生长、摄食、存活和体组成,并能保持其肉质。展开更多
Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Adva...Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.展开更多
The aquafeed industry continues to expand in response to the rapidly growing aquaculture sector.However,the identification of alternative protein sources in aquatic animal diets to replace conventional sources due to ...The aquafeed industry continues to expand in response to the rapidly growing aquaculture sector.However,the identification of alternative protein sources in aquatic animal diets to replace conventional sources due to cost and sustainability issues remains a major challenge.Recently,insects have shown tremendous results as potential replacers of fishmeal in aquafeed.The present study aimed to review the utilization of insects in aquafeeds and their effects on aquatic animals’growth and feed utilization,immune response and disease resistance,and fish flesh quality and safety.While many insect species have been investigated in aquaculture,the black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens),and the mealworm(Tenebrio molitor)are the most studied and most promising insects to replace fishmeal in aquafeed.Generally,insect rearing conditions and biomass processing methods may affect the product’s nutritional composition,digestibility,shelf life and required insect inclusion level by aquatic animals.Also,insect-recommended inclusion levels for aquatic animals vary depending on the insect species used,biomass processing method,and test organism.Overall,while an appropriate inclusion level of insects in aquafeed provides several nutritional and health benefits to aquatic animals,more studies are needed to establish optimum requirements levels for different aquaculture species at different stages of development and under different culture systems.展开更多
The need for replacement of highly priced soybean meal(SM)in fish diets with unconventional plant materials has become imperative for the sustainability of aquaculture production.This study addressed the effect of rep...The need for replacement of highly priced soybean meal(SM)in fish diets with unconventional plant materials has become imperative for the sustainability of aquaculture production.This study addressed the effect of replacing SM with discarded cashew nut meal(DCNM)on the liver and stomach histology in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus).Total 90 juveniles(24.83±1.52 g)were fed DCNM based diets,inclusion level of 0,50%and 100%.Fish were fed twice daily(8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.)at 5%body weight for 56 days.The histology of liver and the stomach were assessed.Histo-morphological changes of the liver tissue were moderate at 100%DCNM fed fish compared to 50%DCNM and control(0 DCNM).Photomicrograph of stomach of 50%DCNM fed fish showed normal histo-morphological features,while moderate to severe histological distortions were observed in the stomach of 100%DCNM fed fish.The findings of the present study showed that partial(50%)replacement of SM with DCNM had no adverse nutritional consequence while total(100%)replacement of SM with DCNM in the diet of C.gariepinus resulted to moderate histological distortions of the liver and stomach.展开更多
The aim of the study was a comparison of the composition and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in the seeds of two varieties of yellow lupine (YL). Moreover, an examination of the level of soybean...The aim of the study was a comparison of the composition and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in the seeds of two varieties of yellow lupine (YL). Moreover, an examination of the level of soybean meal (SBM) substitution by YL meal and in a combination with rapeseed meal (RSM) on the pigs’ performance was performed. In a digestibility trial, 30 male pigs were tested using a marker method. In two growth experiments, 60 pigs (in each) were fed diets where SBM was replaced by YL in 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% or by a mixture of RSM and YL or by both these components. The chemical composition of varieties differed among crude protein (CP), fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and fat. The digestibility coefficients of protein, fat and gross energy were similar for both varieties. The substitution of SBM with YL did not negatively affect the pigs’ performance. A mixture of RSM with YL had no negative effect on growth parameters, except for the starter phase, when a level of above 15% RSM in the diet reduced the pigs’ gains. In conclusion, YL alone and with RSM may be a sustainable alternative to SBM in pig nutrition.展开更多
文摘本文旨在研究新型复合动植物蛋白源在大菱鲆饲料中替代部分鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉质地的影响。实验设计了4组等氮等能的饲料,以含鱼粉60%的处理组为对照饲料(FM),以小麦粉、豆粕等作为植物蛋白与酶解动物软骨蛋白粉复合分别替代其中40%、50%和60%鱼粉,设置了40I、50I和60I3个试验组。选用初始体质量(8.63±0.03)g的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.),分别用上述4种饲料饲养8周。试验表明:与鱼粉组相比,随着替代水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),50I和60I鱼粉替代处理组饲料效率显著低于FM组和40I处理组(P<0.05)。各处理组大菱鲆幼鱼水分、粗蛋白、脂肪和灰分无显著差异(P>0.05),肥满度、肝体比和脏体比无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料干物质和蛋白的消化率随着替代水平的升高呈下降趋势。以酶解动物软骨蛋白粉和植物蛋白复合替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉硬度、咀嚼性和弹性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。结果表明,酶解动物软骨蛋白粉与植物蛋白复合后可替代大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中40%鱼粉而不影响其生长、摄食、存活和体组成,并能保持其肉质。
基金supported by research grants from Regionalt Forskningsfond (RFF) Trondelag (In FeedProject number: 309859),where Nord University is the project leading institution,and Gullimunn AS and Mære Landbruksskole are project partnerssupported by the CEER project (Project number: 2021/10345) funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (HK-dir) under the Norwegian Partnership Program for Global Academic Cooperation (NORPART ) with support from the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (MER)。
文摘Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(R/FRGS/A07.00/00387A/005/2013/00107)Niche Research Grant Scheme(NRGS)(R/NRGS/A0.700/00387A/006/2014/00152)partially supported by Chiang Mai University。
文摘The aquafeed industry continues to expand in response to the rapidly growing aquaculture sector.However,the identification of alternative protein sources in aquatic animal diets to replace conventional sources due to cost and sustainability issues remains a major challenge.Recently,insects have shown tremendous results as potential replacers of fishmeal in aquafeed.The present study aimed to review the utilization of insects in aquafeeds and their effects on aquatic animals’growth and feed utilization,immune response and disease resistance,and fish flesh quality and safety.While many insect species have been investigated in aquaculture,the black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens),and the mealworm(Tenebrio molitor)are the most studied and most promising insects to replace fishmeal in aquafeed.Generally,insect rearing conditions and biomass processing methods may affect the product’s nutritional composition,digestibility,shelf life and required insect inclusion level by aquatic animals.Also,insect-recommended inclusion levels for aquatic animals vary depending on the insect species used,biomass processing method,and test organism.Overall,while an appropriate inclusion level of insects in aquafeed provides several nutritional and health benefits to aquatic animals,more studies are needed to establish optimum requirements levels for different aquaculture species at different stages of development and under different culture systems.
文摘The need for replacement of highly priced soybean meal(SM)in fish diets with unconventional plant materials has become imperative for the sustainability of aquaculture production.This study addressed the effect of replacing SM with discarded cashew nut meal(DCNM)on the liver and stomach histology in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus).Total 90 juveniles(24.83±1.52 g)were fed DCNM based diets,inclusion level of 0,50%and 100%.Fish were fed twice daily(8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.)at 5%body weight for 56 days.The histology of liver and the stomach were assessed.Histo-morphological changes of the liver tissue were moderate at 100%DCNM fed fish compared to 50%DCNM and control(0 DCNM).Photomicrograph of stomach of 50%DCNM fed fish showed normal histo-morphological features,while moderate to severe histological distortions were observed in the stomach of 100%DCNM fed fish.The findings of the present study showed that partial(50%)replacement of SM with DCNM had no adverse nutritional consequence while total(100%)replacement of SM with DCNM in the diet of C.gariepinus resulted to moderate histological distortions of the liver and stomach.
基金the programme “Improvement of Native Plant Protein Feeds, Their Production, Trade Turnover and Utilization in Animal Feed” of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland 2016-2020.
文摘The aim of the study was a comparison of the composition and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in the seeds of two varieties of yellow lupine (YL). Moreover, an examination of the level of soybean meal (SBM) substitution by YL meal and in a combination with rapeseed meal (RSM) on the pigs’ performance was performed. In a digestibility trial, 30 male pigs were tested using a marker method. In two growth experiments, 60 pigs (in each) were fed diets where SBM was replaced by YL in 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% or by a mixture of RSM and YL or by both these components. The chemical composition of varieties differed among crude protein (CP), fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and fat. The digestibility coefficients of protein, fat and gross energy were similar for both varieties. The substitution of SBM with YL did not negatively affect the pigs’ performance. A mixture of RSM with YL had no negative effect on growth parameters, except for the starter phase, when a level of above 15% RSM in the diet reduced the pigs’ gains. In conclusion, YL alone and with RSM may be a sustainable alternative to SBM in pig nutrition.
