从N av ier-S tokes方程出发,运用CFX软件对外界风向与屋脊平行和相夹45°两种情形下温室内气流场进行了稳态模拟研究。结果显示,对于前者,气流从山墙门和侧窗的上部进入,从侧窗的下部流出,气流在温室内沿中心纵截面分布的对称性较...从N av ier-S tokes方程出发,运用CFX软件对外界风向与屋脊平行和相夹45°两种情形下温室内气流场进行了稳态模拟研究。结果显示,对于前者,气流从山墙门和侧窗的上部进入,从侧窗的下部流出,气流在温室内沿中心纵截面分布的对称性较好,在温室的后半部气流逐渐扩散,紊流加强;对于后者,气流从山墙门和迎风侧窗处进入,两股气流相遇后受棚面形状及作物的影响而形成各种涡流,最后从背风侧窗处流出。气流在接触到栽培作物时流速迅速减小,作物冠层边界受到周围空间气流的影响,但在作物冠层内受周围空间气流影响不大。展开更多
Knowledge of the airflow patterns and methane distributions at a continuous miner face under different ventilation conditions can minimize the risks of explosion and injury to miners by accurately forecasting potentia...Knowledge of the airflow patterns and methane distributions at a continuous miner face under different ventilation conditions can minimize the risks of explosion and injury to miners by accurately forecasting potentially hazardous face methane levels. This study focused on validating a series of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models using full-scale ventilation gallery data that assessed how curtain setback distance impacted airflow patterns and methane distributions at an empty mining face(no continuous miner present). Three CFD models of face ventilation with 4.6, 7.6 and 10.7 m(15, 25, and 35 ft) blowing curtain setback distances were constructed and validated with experimental data collected in a full-scale ventilation test facility. Good agreement was obtained between the CFD simulation results and this data.Detailed airflow and methane distribution information are provided. Elevated methane zones at the working faces were identified with the three curtain setback distances. Visualization of the setback distance impact on the face methane distribution was performed by utilizing the post-processing capability of the CFD software.展开更多
It has been widely accepted that the most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,measured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH d...It has been widely accepted that the most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,measured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19.To better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a comprehensive fully transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase model(DPM)was performed in a university classroom setting with people present.The investigations encompass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow rates.The findings demonstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deemed airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from 5µm to 10µm in the cases investigated.The effects of occupants are significant and must be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport studies.An enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classrooms is introduced that places a premium on mitigating airborne disease spread.Compared to the baseline design at the same ACH,this design successfully reduced the maximum number density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related parameter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol transport.This underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air quality.In addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,minimizing horizontal bulk motion is essential for reducing aerosol transmissibility within the room.展开更多
文摘从N av ier-S tokes方程出发,运用CFX软件对外界风向与屋脊平行和相夹45°两种情形下温室内气流场进行了稳态模拟研究。结果显示,对于前者,气流从山墙门和侧窗的上部进入,从侧窗的下部流出,气流在温室内沿中心纵截面分布的对称性较好,在温室的后半部气流逐渐扩散,紊流加强;对于后者,气流从山墙门和迎风侧窗处进入,两股气流相遇后受棚面形状及作物的影响而形成各种涡流,最后从背风侧窗处流出。气流在接触到栽培作物时流速迅速减小,作物冠层边界受到周围空间气流的影响,但在作物冠层内受周围空间气流影响不大。
文摘Knowledge of the airflow patterns and methane distributions at a continuous miner face under different ventilation conditions can minimize the risks of explosion and injury to miners by accurately forecasting potentially hazardous face methane levels. This study focused on validating a series of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models using full-scale ventilation gallery data that assessed how curtain setback distance impacted airflow patterns and methane distributions at an empty mining face(no continuous miner present). Three CFD models of face ventilation with 4.6, 7.6 and 10.7 m(15, 25, and 35 ft) blowing curtain setback distances were constructed and validated with experimental data collected in a full-scale ventilation test facility. Good agreement was obtained between the CFD simulation results and this data.Detailed airflow and methane distribution information are provided. Elevated methane zones at the working faces were identified with the three curtain setback distances. Visualization of the setback distance impact on the face methane distribution was performed by utilizing the post-processing capability of the CFD software.
基金This research was supported by the Airborne Disease Transmission Research Cluster(ADTRC),which is funded by the UBC Eminence program.The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of Digital Research Alliance of Canada resources for CFD simulations.
文摘It has been widely accepted that the most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,measured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19.To better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a comprehensive fully transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase model(DPM)was performed in a university classroom setting with people present.The investigations encompass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow rates.The findings demonstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deemed airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from 5µm to 10µm in the cases investigated.The effects of occupants are significant and must be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport studies.An enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classrooms is introduced that places a premium on mitigating airborne disease spread.Compared to the baseline design at the same ACH,this design successfully reduced the maximum number density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related parameter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol transport.This underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air quality.In addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,minimizing horizontal bulk motion is essential for reducing aerosol transmissibility within the room.
