在对我国南方3种典型的水稻土有机碳团聚体分布研究的基础上,对用低能量超声波分散法分离得到的团聚体颗粒组进一步进行有机碳键合形态分析,考察不同键合态有机碳在不同粒径团聚体的分布,由此探讨这些水稻土中有机碳积累中物理作用基础...在对我国南方3种典型的水稻土有机碳团聚体分布研究的基础上,对用低能量超声波分散法分离得到的团聚体颗粒组进一步进行有机碳键合形态分析,考察不同键合态有机碳在不同粒径团聚体的分布,由此探讨这些水稻土中有机碳积累中物理作用基础上的化学机制。结果表明:钙键合态有机碳(Ca-SOC)多分布于2 000～200μm的粗团聚体颗粒组中,且在紫色水稻土中含量最高(达到9 g kg-1左右),而红壤性水稻土中最低(不到3 g kg-1);相反,铁铝键合态有机碳(Fe(Al)-SOC)趋向于在细团聚体颗粒组集中,是<2μm颗粒组中有机碳的优势组分,且以红壤性水稻土中最高(介于20～30 g kg-1之间),紫色水稻土中最低(仅为10 g kg-1左右),这与该团聚体颗粒组中铁铝氧化物的含量分布相吻合。统计分析表明,易氧化态碳(LOC)占有机碳(SOC)的比值与Ca-SOC占SOC的比值表现为正相关关系,而与Fe(Al)-SOC占SOC的比值表现为反相关关系。直径为2 000～200μm的粗团聚体中的Ca-SOC和Fe(Al)-SOC对长期不同耕作和施肥的响应最为敏感,良好的耕作施肥下水稻土有机碳的积累主要表现为Fe(Al)-SOC的增加。氧化铁铝的含量与SOC和LOC的含量之间存在一定的依变关系,说明这些土壤发生的无机组成分在有机碳的保护与稳定中发挥着重要作用,并且以红壤性水稻土粗团聚体中的氧化铁铝对有机碳的保护作用最强。由此看来,团聚体更新中物理保护的有机碳在细团聚体形成中进一步与氧化铁铝的键合可能是这些水稻土中有机碳稳定的重要机制。展开更多
In agricultural systems, maintenance of soil organic matter has long been recognized as a strategy to reduce soil degradation. Manure amendments and green manures are management practices that can increase some nutrie...In agricultural systems, maintenance of soil organic matter has long been recognized as a strategy to reduce soil degradation. Manure amendments and green manures are management practices that can increase some nutrient contents and improve soil aggregation. We investigated the effects of 28 yr of winter planted green manure on soil aggregate-size distribution and aggregateassociated carbon（C） and nitrogen（N）. The study was a randomized completed block design with three replicates. The treatments included rice-rice-fallow, rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass. The experiment was established in 1982 on a silty light clayey paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay（classified as Fe-Accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols） with continuous early and late rice. In 2009, soil samples were collected（0-15 cm depth） from the field treatment plots and separated into water-stable aggregates of different sizes（i.e., 〉5, 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5 and 〈0.25 mm） by wet sieving. The long-term winter planted green manure significantly increased total C and N, and the formation of the 2-5-mm water-stable aggregate fraction. Compared with rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass, the rice-rice-fallow significantly reduced 2-5-mm water-stable aggregates, with a significant redistribution of aggregates into micro-aggregates. Long-term winter planted green manure obviously improved C/N ratio and macro-aggregate-associated C and N. The highest contribution to soil fertility was from macro-aggregates of 2-5 mm in most cases.展开更多
文摘在对我国南方3种典型的水稻土有机碳团聚体分布研究的基础上,对用低能量超声波分散法分离得到的团聚体颗粒组进一步进行有机碳键合形态分析,考察不同键合态有机碳在不同粒径团聚体的分布,由此探讨这些水稻土中有机碳积累中物理作用基础上的化学机制。结果表明:钙键合态有机碳(Ca-SOC)多分布于2 000～200μm的粗团聚体颗粒组中,且在紫色水稻土中含量最高(达到9 g kg-1左右),而红壤性水稻土中最低(不到3 g kg-1);相反,铁铝键合态有机碳(Fe(Al)-SOC)趋向于在细团聚体颗粒组集中,是<2μm颗粒组中有机碳的优势组分,且以红壤性水稻土中最高(介于20～30 g kg-1之间),紫色水稻土中最低(仅为10 g kg-1左右),这与该团聚体颗粒组中铁铝氧化物的含量分布相吻合。统计分析表明,易氧化态碳(LOC)占有机碳(SOC)的比值与Ca-SOC占SOC的比值表现为正相关关系,而与Fe(Al)-SOC占SOC的比值表现为反相关关系。直径为2 000～200μm的粗团聚体中的Ca-SOC和Fe(Al)-SOC对长期不同耕作和施肥的响应最为敏感,良好的耕作施肥下水稻土有机碳的积累主要表现为Fe(Al)-SOC的增加。氧化铁铝的含量与SOC和LOC的含量之间存在一定的依变关系,说明这些土壤发生的无机组成分在有机碳的保护与稳定中发挥着重要作用,并且以红壤性水稻土粗团聚体中的氧化铁铝对有机碳的保护作用最强。由此看来,团聚体更新中物理保护的有机碳在细团聚体形成中进一步与氧化铁铝的键合可能是这些水稻土中有机碳稳定的重要机制。
基金funded by the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest of China (20110300508, 201203030)supported in partial by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2012BAD05B05-3, 2013BAD07B11)the International Plant Nutrition Institute, Canada (IPNI China Program: Hunan-17)
文摘In agricultural systems, maintenance of soil organic matter has long been recognized as a strategy to reduce soil degradation. Manure amendments and green manures are management practices that can increase some nutrient contents and improve soil aggregation. We investigated the effects of 28 yr of winter planted green manure on soil aggregate-size distribution and aggregateassociated carbon（C） and nitrogen（N）. The study was a randomized completed block design with three replicates. The treatments included rice-rice-fallow, rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass. The experiment was established in 1982 on a silty light clayey paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay（classified as Fe-Accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols） with continuous early and late rice. In 2009, soil samples were collected（0-15 cm depth） from the field treatment plots and separated into water-stable aggregates of different sizes（i.e., 〉5, 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5 and 〈0.25 mm） by wet sieving. The long-term winter planted green manure significantly increased total C and N, and the formation of the 2-5-mm water-stable aggregate fraction. Compared with rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass, the rice-rice-fallow significantly reduced 2-5-mm water-stable aggregates, with a significant redistribution of aggregates into micro-aggregates. Long-term winter planted green manure obviously improved C/N ratio and macro-aggregate-associated C and N. The highest contribution to soil fertility was from macro-aggregates of 2-5 mm in most cases.
