Xiamen, located on the southeastern coastal line of China, is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization, so its air quality has a trend of degradation. However, studies on level, temporal and spatial changes...Xiamen, located on the southeastern coastal line of China, is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization, so its air quality has a trend of degradation. However, studies on level, temporal and spatial changes of fine particles （PM2.5） and their carbonaceous fractions are scarce. In this article, abundance, sources, seasonal and spatial variations, distribution of organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） in PM2.5, were studied at suburban, urban and industrial sites in Xiamen during four season-representative months in 2009-2010. PM2.5 samples were collected with middle volume sampler and were analyzed for OC and EC with thermal optical transmittance （TOT） method. Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 63.88-74.80 Ixg/m3 at three sites. While OC and EC concentrations were in the range of 15.81-19.73 [xg/m3 and 2.74-3.49 ~tg/m3, respectively, and clearly presented the summer minima and winter maxima in this study. The carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 42.8%-47.3% of the mass of PMzs. The annual average of secondary organic carbon （SOC） concentrations in Xiamen were 9.23-11.36 ~g/m3, accounting for approximately 56% of OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC was found in spring （R2 = 0.50） and autumn （R2 = 0.73）, suggesting that there were similar emission and transport processes for carbonaceous aerosols in these two seasons, while weak correlations were found in summer （R2 = 0.33） and winter （R2 = 0.41）. The OCI＇EC ratios in PM2.5 varied from 2.1 to 8.7 with an annual average of 5.7, indicating that vehicle exhaust, coal smoke and biomass burning were main source apportionments of carbonaceous fractions in Xiamen.展开更多
海口市在2013年12月份发生了一次气溶胶粒子污染事件.本文利用相关资料对此进行诊断,发现海口市PM2.5在12月9日超过了国家环境空气质量二级标准限值,在11日达到该污染时段的最高值(日平均为87.96μg·m-3),同时与能见度有一定的负...海口市在2013年12月份发生了一次气溶胶粒子污染事件.本文利用相关资料对此进行诊断,发现海口市PM2.5在12月9日超过了国家环境空气质量二级标准限值,在11日达到该污染时段的最高值(日平均为87.96μg·m-3),同时与能见度有一定的负向关系.分析表明,前期(7—9日上午),污染物主要以本地排放为主,而后期(9日中午到11日)与珠江三角洲地区的输送作用有密切关系,后向轨迹分析也表明后期海口市大气污染物可能来自珠三角地区.分析发现,气象背景场为这次气溶胶污染事件提供了有利的气象条件,500 h Pa高度场冷空气活动偏北,925 h Pa高度场的暖中心控制,形势稳定,逆温层的存在使得大气近地层更加稳定,低层风速偏小不利于近地面附近的污染物向外输送,水平风垂直切变偏弱有利于污染物在近地层堆积,其变化趋势与PM2.5浓度有一定的相关性.展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-453,KZCX2-YW-JS404,KZCX2-EW-408)the Commonweal Program of Environment Protection Department of China (No. 201009004)the Program of Bureau of Science and Technology,Xiamen (No. 3502Z20081117,350205Z20095001)
文摘Xiamen, located on the southeastern coastal line of China, is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization, so its air quality has a trend of degradation. However, studies on level, temporal and spatial changes of fine particles （PM2.5） and their carbonaceous fractions are scarce. In this article, abundance, sources, seasonal and spatial variations, distribution of organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） in PM2.5, were studied at suburban, urban and industrial sites in Xiamen during four season-representative months in 2009-2010. PM2.5 samples were collected with middle volume sampler and were analyzed for OC and EC with thermal optical transmittance （TOT） method. Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 63.88-74.80 Ixg/m3 at three sites. While OC and EC concentrations were in the range of 15.81-19.73 [xg/m3 and 2.74-3.49 ~tg/m3, respectively, and clearly presented the summer minima and winter maxima in this study. The carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 42.8%-47.3% of the mass of PMzs. The annual average of secondary organic carbon （SOC） concentrations in Xiamen were 9.23-11.36 ~g/m3, accounting for approximately 56% of OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC was found in spring （R2 = 0.50） and autumn （R2 = 0.73）, suggesting that there were similar emission and transport processes for carbonaceous aerosols in these two seasons, while weak correlations were found in summer （R2 = 0.33） and winter （R2 = 0.41）. The OCI＇EC ratios in PM2.5 varied from 2.1 to 8.7 with an annual average of 5.7, indicating that vehicle exhaust, coal smoke and biomass burning were main source apportionments of carbonaceous fractions in Xiamen.
文摘海口市在2013年12月份发生了一次气溶胶粒子污染事件.本文利用相关资料对此进行诊断,发现海口市PM2.5在12月9日超过了国家环境空气质量二级标准限值,在11日达到该污染时段的最高值(日平均为87.96μg·m-3),同时与能见度有一定的负向关系.分析表明,前期(7—9日上午),污染物主要以本地排放为主,而后期(9日中午到11日)与珠江三角洲地区的输送作用有密切关系,后向轨迹分析也表明后期海口市大气污染物可能来自珠三角地区.分析发现,气象背景场为这次气溶胶污染事件提供了有利的气象条件,500 h Pa高度场冷空气活动偏北,925 h Pa高度场的暖中心控制,形势稳定,逆温层的存在使得大气近地层更加稳定,低层风速偏小不利于近地面附近的污染物向外输送,水平风垂直切变偏弱有利于污染物在近地层堆积,其变化趋势与PM2.5浓度有一定的相关性.
