Objective For prevention of obesity in Chinese population, it is necessary to definethe optimal range of healthy weight and the appropriate cut-off points of BMI and waistcircumference for Chinese adults. The Worki...Objective For prevention of obesity in Chinese population, it is necessary to definethe optimal range of healthy weight and the appropriate cut-off points of BMI and waistcircumference for Chinese adults. The Working Group on Obesity in China under the supportof International Life Sciences Institute Focal Point in China organized a meta-analysis on therelation between BMI, waist circumference and risk factors of related chronic diseases (e. g.,high diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and lipoprotein disorders). Methods 13 population studiesin all met the criteria for enrollment, with data of 239 972 adults (20-70 year) surveyed inthe 1990s. Data on waist circumference was available for 111411 persons and data on serumlipids and glucose were available for more than 80 000. The study populations located in21provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China's Mainland as well as inTaiwan. Each enrolled study provided data according to a common protocol and uniformformat. The Center for data management in Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospitalwas responsible for statistical analysis. Results and conclusion The prevalence ofhypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and clustering of risk factors all increased withincreasing levels of BMI or waist circumference. BMI at 24 with best sensitivity andspecificity for identification of the risk factors, was recommended as the cut-off point foroverweight, BMI at 28 which may identify the risk factors with specificity around 90 % wasrecommended as the cut-off point for obesity. Waist circumference beyond 85 cm for menand beyond 80 cm for women were recommended as the cut-off points for central obesity.Analysis of population attributable risk percent illustrated that reducing BMI to normalrange (<24) could prevent 45%-50% clustering of risk factors. Treatment of obese persons(BMI≥28)with drugs could prevent 15%-17% clustering of risk factors. The waistcircumference controlled under 85 cm for men and under 80 cm for women, could prevent47%-58% clustering of risk fact展开更多
维生素D对人体健康产生广泛作用，维生素D缺乏症（ Vitamin D deficiency）可能会导致骨质疏松症进展、跌倒和骨折；同时，在西方国家出现了不一致维生素D标准和实践方案。鉴于此，中国老年学会骨质疏松委员会相关专业人员，制定了《维...维生素D对人体健康产生广泛作用，维生素D缺乏症（ Vitamin D deficiency）可能会导致骨质疏松症进展、跌倒和骨折；同时，在西方国家出现了不一致维生素D标准和实践方案。鉴于此，中国老年学会骨质疏松委员会相关专业人员，制定了《维生素D与成年人骨骼健康应用指南》。该《指南》分为《简化版》和《标准版》，主要证据来源于2013年英国骨质疏松学会指南、2011年美国健康研究院报告，以及国内文献。该指南适用于成年人骨骼疾病，或有骨病风险患者的维生素D缺乏症管理。需说明，该指南不针对儿童期、妊娠期、以及患有严重或终末期慢性肾脏病（4～5期）的人群。该指南《标准版》在本刊已发表《简化版》的基础上进一步详述，相关内容包括中国成年人群维生素D阈值设定、维生素D状况评价、25OHD测量值解释、维生素D缺乏症治疗和监测的详细计划、预防战略等。展开更多
AIM: To identify the property of dendritic cells (DCs) of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) in patients with chronic HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty patients with persistent HBV infection were included in this study, 1...AIM: To identify the property of dendritic cells (DCs) of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) in patients with chronic HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty patients with persistent HBV infection were included in this study, 10 healthy subjects being used as a control group. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of T cell-depleted populations were incubated and induced into mature dendritic cells in the RPMI-1640 medium in the presence of cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4, FLt-3,TNF-alpha and 100mL.L(-1 )of fetal calf serum for a total of 10-12 days. The expressions of surface markers on DCs were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis. ELISA method was used to determine the cytokine levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-10 in the supernatant produced by DCs. For detection of the stimulatory capacity of DCs to T cell proliferation, mytomycin C-treated DC were incubated with allogenic T cells. RESULTS: A typical morphology of mature DCs from healthy subjects and HBV-infected patients was induced in in vitro incubation, but the proliferation ability and cellular number of DCs from HBV-infected patients significantly decreased compared with healthy individuals. In particular, the expression levels of HLA-DR, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on DC surface from patients were also lower than that from healthy individuals (0.46 vs 0.92 for HLA-DR, 0.44 vs 0.88 for CD80 and 0.44 vs 0.84 for CD86,P【0.05). The stimulatory capacity and production of IL-12 of DCs from patients in allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) significantly decreased, but the production level of nitric oxide (NO) by DCs simultaneously increased compared with healthy subjects (86 +/- 15 vs 170 +/- 22 micromol.L(-1), P 【0.05). CONCLUSION: The patients with chronic HBV infection have the defective function and immature phenotype of dendritic cells, which may be associated with the inability of efficient presentation of HBV antigens to host immune system for the clearance of HBV.展开更多
文摘Objective For prevention of obesity in Chinese population, it is necessary to definethe optimal range of healthy weight and the appropriate cut-off points of BMI and waistcircumference for Chinese adults. The Working Group on Obesity in China under the supportof International Life Sciences Institute Focal Point in China organized a meta-analysis on therelation between BMI, waist circumference and risk factors of related chronic diseases (e. g.,high diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and lipoprotein disorders). Methods 13 population studiesin all met the criteria for enrollment, with data of 239 972 adults (20-70 year) surveyed inthe 1990s. Data on waist circumference was available for 111411 persons and data on serumlipids and glucose were available for more than 80 000. The study populations located in21provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China's Mainland as well as inTaiwan. Each enrolled study provided data according to a common protocol and uniformformat. The Center for data management in Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospitalwas responsible for statistical analysis. Results and conclusion The prevalence ofhypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and clustering of risk factors all increased withincreasing levels of BMI or waist circumference. BMI at 24 with best sensitivity andspecificity for identification of the risk factors, was recommended as the cut-off point foroverweight, BMI at 28 which may identify the risk factors with specificity around 90 % wasrecommended as the cut-off point for obesity. Waist circumference beyond 85 cm for menand beyond 80 cm for women were recommended as the cut-off points for central obesity.Analysis of population attributable risk percent illustrated that reducing BMI to normalrange (<24) could prevent 45%-50% clustering of risk factors. Treatment of obese persons(BMI≥28)with drugs could prevent 15%-17% clustering of risk factors. The waistcircumference controlled under 85 cm for men and under 80 cm for women, could prevent47%-58% clustering of risk fact
文摘维生素D对人体健康产生广泛作用，维生素D缺乏症（ Vitamin D deficiency）可能会导致骨质疏松症进展、跌倒和骨折；同时，在西方国家出现了不一致维生素D标准和实践方案。鉴于此，中国老年学会骨质疏松委员会相关专业人员，制定了《维生素D与成年人骨骼健康应用指南》。该《指南》分为《简化版》和《标准版》，主要证据来源于2013年英国骨质疏松学会指南、2011年美国健康研究院报告，以及国内文献。该指南适用于成年人骨骼疾病，或有骨病风险患者的维生素D缺乏症管理。需说明，该指南不针对儿童期、妊娠期、以及患有严重或终末期慢性肾脏病（4～5期）的人群。该指南《标准版》在本刊已发表《简化版》的基础上进一步详述，相关内容包括中国成年人群维生素D阈值设定、维生素D状况评价、25OHD测量值解释、维生素D缺乏症治疗和监测的详细计划、预防战略等。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39970831.
文摘AIM: To identify the property of dendritic cells (DCs) of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) in patients with chronic HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty patients with persistent HBV infection were included in this study, 10 healthy subjects being used as a control group. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of T cell-depleted populations were incubated and induced into mature dendritic cells in the RPMI-1640 medium in the presence of cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4, FLt-3,TNF-alpha and 100mL.L(-1 )of fetal calf serum for a total of 10-12 days. The expressions of surface markers on DCs were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis. ELISA method was used to determine the cytokine levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-10 in the supernatant produced by DCs. For detection of the stimulatory capacity of DCs to T cell proliferation, mytomycin C-treated DC were incubated with allogenic T cells. RESULTS: A typical morphology of mature DCs from healthy subjects and HBV-infected patients was induced in in vitro incubation, but the proliferation ability and cellular number of DCs from HBV-infected patients significantly decreased compared with healthy individuals. In particular, the expression levels of HLA-DR, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on DC surface from patients were also lower than that from healthy individuals (0.46 vs 0.92 for HLA-DR, 0.44 vs 0.88 for CD80 and 0.44 vs 0.84 for CD86,P【0.05). The stimulatory capacity and production of IL-12 of DCs from patients in allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) significantly decreased, but the production level of nitric oxide (NO) by DCs simultaneously increased compared with healthy subjects (86 +/- 15 vs 170 +/- 22 micromol.L(-1), P 【0.05). CONCLUSION: The patients with chronic HBV infection have the defective function and immature phenotype of dendritic cells, which may be associated with the inability of efficient presentation of HBV antigens to host immune system for the clearance of HBV.
