According to the deficiency of experiment system for gas adsorption and desorption in coal mass, a large scale experiment system is developed independently by researchers. This experiment system is composed of primary...According to the deficiency of experiment system for gas adsorption and desorption in coal mass, a large scale experiment system is developed independently by researchers. This experiment system is composed of primary and auxiliary boxes, power transmission system, mining system, loading system, gas charging system, data monitoring and intelligent acquisition system. The maximum experiment coal consumption is 1200 kg, the mining system is developed to conduct experiment for gas desorption under excavating disturbance, and the plane-charging cribriform ventilation device is developed to realize uniform ventilation for experiment coal sample, which is accord with the actual gas source situation of coal bed. The desorption characteristics of gas in coal are experimentally studied under the conditions of nature and mining using the experiment system. The results show that, compare with nature condition, the permeability of coal and the velocity of gas desorption could significantly increase under the influence of coal pressure relief and destruction caused by mining, and the degree of gas desorption could somewhat increase too. Finally, pressure relief gas extraction of current seam and adjacent seams after mining in a certain coal mine of Yangquan mining area are introduced, and the gas desorption experiment results is verified by analyzing the effect of gas extraction.展开更多
Background and Aims:Nonbiological artificial liver(NBAL)is frequently used as a first-line treatment for hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF).This study aimed to compare the therapeuti...Background and Aims:Nonbiological artificial liver(NBAL)is frequently used as a first-line treatment for hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF).This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness ratio(CER)of comprehensive medical treatment,plasma exchange(PE),and double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)plus half-dose PE(DPMAS+PE)in patients with HBV-ACLF.Methods:A total of 186 patients with HBV-ACLF randomly received comprehensive medical treatment,PE,or DPMAS+PE and were prospectively evaluated.Patients were divided into four subgroups based on the pretreatment prothrombin activity(PTA):Group I(PTA>40%),group II(PTA 30–40%),group III(PTA 20–30%),and group IV(PTA<20%).The main outcome measures were 28 day effectiveness;90 day liver transplantation-free survival;change of biochemical parameters;and CER.Results:DPMAS+PE treatment was associated with significantly higher 28 day effectiveness and 90 day liver transplantation-free survival compared with PE treatment in patients with group I liver failure.Clearance of serum total bilirubin(TBIL),AST,and creatinine(Cr)were significantly higher in the DPMAS+PE group than in the PE group.For subjects with group I liver failure,DPMAS+PE treatment had advantages of lower CER values and better cost-effectiveness.Conclusions:Compared with comprehensive medical treatment and PE alone,DPMAS with halfdose sequential PE treatment more effectively improved TBIL,AST,and Cr in HBV-ACLF patients,improved 28 day effectiveness and 90 day survival rates in patients with group I liver failure,and was more cost effective.DPMAS+PE is a viable NBAL approach for treatment of HBV-ACLF.展开更多
The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption was studied. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of t...The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption was studied. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis showed that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner （CCL） could be 3-4 orders of magnitude is greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner （GCL） composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry＇s coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.展开更多
Improving the seepage of leaching solution in the ore body and strengthening the mass transfer process of rare earth ions during in-situ leaching are two critical methods to improve the leaching efficiency of rare ear...Improving the seepage of leaching solution in the ore body and strengthening the mass transfer process of rare earth ions during in-situ leaching are two critical methods to improve the leaching efficiency of rare earth.In this study,2 wt%MgSO_(4)solution was used for the indoor simulated column leaching experiment on rare earth samples and an electric field was applied at both ends of the samples.Then the effects of different intensities,initial application time and duration of the electric field on the rare earth leaching system and its mechanism were investigated.The results show that compared with the single MgSO_(4)solution leaching,applying an electric field with a strength of 6 V/cm can save the leaching time of 30 min and increase the flow velocity of the rare earth leachate by 26.98%.Under the optimal conditions of applying an electric field with a strength of 6 V/cm for 20 min to the leaching system after10 min of the rare earth leachate flowing out,the leaching efficiency of sample increases from 81.20% to 86.05% with the increase of 4.85%.The mechanism analysis shows that when a direct current electric field is applied to the rare earth leaching system,rare earth ions rapidly change from disorderly movement with the seepage into faster and directional movement.In addition,the seepage of the leaching solution is also improved due to the increase of the cross-sectional area of the seepage channel,the polarized water molecules migrate directionally by force from the negative pole,and the movement of the hydrogen is generated by the electrolytic water.More impo rtantly,based on the principle of in-situ leaching process,the layout of injection holes and deflector holes in this process provides a natural site for the electrode layout of the electric field.With the simple equipme nt and the ope ration,the rare earth leaching process with the applied electric field has high feasibility in industrial application.展开更多
Background and Aims:To investigate the safety and efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)with sequential low-dose plasma exchange(LPE)in treating early hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic l...Background and Aims:To investigate the safety and efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)with sequential low-dose plasma exchange(LPE)in treating early hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF).Methods:Clinical data of patients with HBVACLF were prospectively collected,including patients in a DPMAS with sequential LPE(DPMAS+LPE)group and those in a standard medical treatment(SMT)group.The primary endpoint was death or liver transplantation(LT)at 12 weeks of follow-up.Propensity-score matching was performed to control the effects of confounding factors on prognosis between the two groups.Results:After 2 weeks,total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen levels,and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B score,were significantly lower in the DPMAS+LPE group than those in the SMT group(p<0.05).After 4 weeks,laboratory parameters of the two groups were similar.The cumulative survival rate of the DPMAS+LPE group was significantly higher than that of the SMT group at 4 weeks(97.9%vs.85.4%,p=0.027),but not at 12 weeks(85.4%vs.83.3%,p=0.687).Cytokine levels were significantly lower in 12-week survival group than in the death-or-LT group(p<0.05).Functional enrichment analysis showed that downregulated cytokines were mainly involved in positive regulation of proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and monocytes,regulation of immune effect response,regulation of endotoxin response,and glial cell proliferation.Conclusion:DPMAS+LPE significantly improved the 4-week cumulative survival rate,and ameliorated the inflammatory response in patients.DPMAS+LPE may be a promising modality for patients with early HBV-ACLF.展开更多
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)can lead to immune-related hepatitis(IRH)and severe liver damage,which is life-threatening in the absence of specific treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was admitted ...BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)can lead to immune-related hepatitis(IRH)and severe liver damage,which is life-threatening in the absence of specific treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of loss of appetite,yellow urine,and abnormal liver function for the past 2 wk.Three months prior to admission,he was treated with two rounds of capecitabine in combination with camrelizumab for lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer.Although liver function was normal before treatment,abnormal liver function appeared at week 5.Capecitabine and camrelizumab were discontinued.Ursodeoxycholic acid and methylprednisolone 40 mg daily were administered.Liver function continued to deteriorate.Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were 19 s and 1.8,respectively.The patient was diagnosed with acute liver failure.A pathological analysis of liver biopsy indicated a strongly positive immunohistochemical staining of T8+cells,thereby suggesting that drug-induced liver injury was related to IRH caused by camrelizumab.Subsequently,we performed sequential dual-molecule plasma adsorption system(DPMAS)treatment with plasma exchange(PE).After two rounds of treatment,the patient's appetite significantly improved,the yellow color of urine reduced,and liver function improved(total bilirubin level decreased)after five rounds of treatment.Liver function normalized 4 wk after discharge.CONCLUSION The use of sequential DPMAS with PE can reduce liver injury and systemic toxic reactions by clearing inflammatory mediators and harmful substances from blood,and regulate immune cell activity,which may be effective in the treatment of severe ICI-induced IRH.展开更多
Radiocesium is frequently present in radioactive wastewater,while its removal is still a challenge due to its small hydrated radius,high diffusion coefficient,and similar chemical behavior to other alkali metal elemen...Radiocesium is frequently present in radioactive wastewater,while its removal is still a challenge due to its small hydrated radius,high diffusion coefficient,and similar chemical behavior to other alkali metal elements with high background concentrations.This review summarized and analyzed the recent advances in the removal of Cs+from aqueous solutions,with a particular focus on adsorption and membrane separation methods.Various inorganic,organic,and biological adsorbents have undergone assessments to determine their efficacy in the removal of cesium ions.Additionally,membrane-based separation techniques,including reverse osmosis,forward osmosis,and membrane distillation,have also shown promise in effectively separating cesium ions from radioactive wastewater.Additionally,this review summarized the main approaches,including Kurion/SARRY system+desalination system and advanced liquid processing system,implemented after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan to remove radionuclides from contaminated water.Adsorption technology and membrane separation technology play a vital role in treatment of contaminated water.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China （2013CB227903） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （U1361209）.
文摘According to the deficiency of experiment system for gas adsorption and desorption in coal mass, a large scale experiment system is developed independently by researchers. This experiment system is composed of primary and auxiliary boxes, power transmission system, mining system, loading system, gas charging system, data monitoring and intelligent acquisition system. The maximum experiment coal consumption is 1200 kg, the mining system is developed to conduct experiment for gas desorption under excavating disturbance, and the plane-charging cribriform ventilation device is developed to realize uniform ventilation for experiment coal sample, which is accord with the actual gas source situation of coal bed. The desorption characteristics of gas in coal are experimentally studied under the conditions of nature and mining using the experiment system. The results show that, compare with nature condition, the permeability of coal and the velocity of gas desorption could significantly increase under the influence of coal pressure relief and destruction caused by mining, and the degree of gas desorption could somewhat increase too. Finally, pressure relief gas extraction of current seam and adjacent seams after mining in a certain coal mine of Yangquan mining area are introduced, and the gas desorption experiment results is verified by analyzing the effect of gas extraction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82170640,No.81974080).
文摘Background and Aims:Nonbiological artificial liver(NBAL)is frequently used as a first-line treatment for hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF).This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness ratio(CER)of comprehensive medical treatment,plasma exchange(PE),and double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)plus half-dose PE(DPMAS+PE)in patients with HBV-ACLF.Methods:A total of 186 patients with HBV-ACLF randomly received comprehensive medical treatment,PE,or DPMAS+PE and were prospectively evaluated.Patients were divided into four subgroups based on the pretreatment prothrombin activity(PTA):Group I(PTA>40%),group II(PTA 30–40%),group III(PTA 20–30%),and group IV(PTA<20%).The main outcome measures were 28 day effectiveness;90 day liver transplantation-free survival;change of biochemical parameters;and CER.Results:DPMAS+PE treatment was associated with significantly higher 28 day effectiveness and 90 day liver transplantation-free survival compared with PE treatment in patients with group I liver failure.Clearance of serum total bilirubin(TBIL),AST,and creatinine(Cr)were significantly higher in the DPMAS+PE group than in the PE group.For subjects with group I liver failure,DPMAS+PE treatment had advantages of lower CER values and better cost-effectiveness.Conclusions:Compared with comprehensive medical treatment and PE alone,DPMAS with halfdose sequential PE treatment more effectively improved TBIL,AST,and Cr in HBV-ACLF patients,improved 28 day effectiveness and 90 day survival rates in patients with group I liver failure,and was more cost effective.DPMAS+PE is a viable NBAL approach for treatment of HBV-ACLF.
基金supported by the National Science Fundfor Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 50425825)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50538080)
文摘The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption was studied. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis showed that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner （CCL） could be 3-4 orders of magnitude is greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner （GCL） composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry＇s coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.
基金Projects supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC1909000)Self-deployed Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E055A001,E055A002)+1 种基金Key Research Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-CN-2021-3)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174113,51874148)。
文摘Improving the seepage of leaching solution in the ore body and strengthening the mass transfer process of rare earth ions during in-situ leaching are two critical methods to improve the leaching efficiency of rare earth.In this study,2 wt%MgSO_(4)solution was used for the indoor simulated column leaching experiment on rare earth samples and an electric field was applied at both ends of the samples.Then the effects of different intensities,initial application time and duration of the electric field on the rare earth leaching system and its mechanism were investigated.The results show that compared with the single MgSO_(4)solution leaching,applying an electric field with a strength of 6 V/cm can save the leaching time of 30 min and increase the flow velocity of the rare earth leachate by 26.98%.Under the optimal conditions of applying an electric field with a strength of 6 V/cm for 20 min to the leaching system after10 min of the rare earth leachate flowing out,the leaching efficiency of sample increases from 81.20% to 86.05% with the increase of 4.85%.The mechanism analysis shows that when a direct current electric field is applied to the rare earth leaching system,rare earth ions rapidly change from disorderly movement with the seepage into faster and directional movement.In addition,the seepage of the leaching solution is also improved due to the increase of the cross-sectional area of the seepage channel,the polarized water molecules migrate directionally by force from the negative pole,and the movement of the hydrogen is generated by the electrolytic water.More impo rtantly,based on the principle of in-situ leaching process,the layout of injection holes and deflector holes in this process provides a natural site for the electrode layout of the electric field.With the simple equipme nt and the ope ration,the rare earth leaching process with the applied electric field has high feasibility in industrial application.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National major science and technology project for the prevention and treatment of AIDS and viral hepatitis(2018ZX10302204-002-002 to LP,2018ZX10302205-002 to CX)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873572 to LP,82070611 to LP)+3 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects(201904010442 to CX,202102010204 to LP)Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Projects(2020A1515010317 to CX)Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(2018009 to CX,2020007 to LP)the Five-Year Plan of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University(K00006 to LP).
文摘Background and Aims:To investigate the safety and efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)with sequential low-dose plasma exchange(LPE)in treating early hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF).Methods:Clinical data of patients with HBVACLF were prospectively collected,including patients in a DPMAS with sequential LPE(DPMAS+LPE)group and those in a standard medical treatment(SMT)group.The primary endpoint was death or liver transplantation(LT)at 12 weeks of follow-up.Propensity-score matching was performed to control the effects of confounding factors on prognosis between the two groups.Results:After 2 weeks,total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen levels,and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B score,were significantly lower in the DPMAS+LPE group than those in the SMT group(p<0.05).After 4 weeks,laboratory parameters of the two groups were similar.The cumulative survival rate of the DPMAS+LPE group was significantly higher than that of the SMT group at 4 weeks(97.9%vs.85.4%,p=0.027),but not at 12 weeks(85.4%vs.83.3%,p=0.687).Cytokine levels were significantly lower in 12-week survival group than in the death-or-LT group(p<0.05).Functional enrichment analysis showed that downregulated cytokines were mainly involved in positive regulation of proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and monocytes,regulation of immune effect response,regulation of endotoxin response,and glial cell proliferation.Conclusion:DPMAS+LPE significantly improved the 4-week cumulative survival rate,and ameliorated the inflammatory response in patients.DPMAS+LPE may be a promising modality for patients with early HBV-ACLF.
文摘BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)can lead to immune-related hepatitis(IRH)and severe liver damage,which is life-threatening in the absence of specific treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of loss of appetite,yellow urine,and abnormal liver function for the past 2 wk.Three months prior to admission,he was treated with two rounds of capecitabine in combination with camrelizumab for lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer.Although liver function was normal before treatment,abnormal liver function appeared at week 5.Capecitabine and camrelizumab were discontinued.Ursodeoxycholic acid and methylprednisolone 40 mg daily were administered.Liver function continued to deteriorate.Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were 19 s and 1.8,respectively.The patient was diagnosed with acute liver failure.A pathological analysis of liver biopsy indicated a strongly positive immunohistochemical staining of T8+cells,thereby suggesting that drug-induced liver injury was related to IRH caused by camrelizumab.Subsequently,we performed sequential dual-molecule plasma adsorption system(DPMAS)treatment with plasma exchange(PE).After two rounds of treatment,the patient's appetite significantly improved,the yellow color of urine reduced,and liver function improved(total bilirubin level decreased)after five rounds of treatment.Liver function normalized 4 wk after discharge.CONCLUSION The use of sequential DPMAS with PE can reduce liver injury and systemic toxic reactions by clearing inflammatory mediators and harmful substances from blood,and regulate immune cell activity,which may be effective in the treatment of severe ICI-induced IRH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51578307)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC1402507).
文摘Radiocesium is frequently present in radioactive wastewater,while its removal is still a challenge due to its small hydrated radius,high diffusion coefficient,and similar chemical behavior to other alkali metal elements with high background concentrations.This review summarized and analyzed the recent advances in the removal of Cs+from aqueous solutions,with a particular focus on adsorption and membrane separation methods.Various inorganic,organic,and biological adsorbents have undergone assessments to determine their efficacy in the removal of cesium ions.Additionally,membrane-based separation techniques,including reverse osmosis,forward osmosis,and membrane distillation,have also shown promise in effectively separating cesium ions from radioactive wastewater.Additionally,this review summarized the main approaches,including Kurion/SARRY system+desalination system and advanced liquid processing system,implemented after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan to remove radionuclides from contaminated water.Adsorption technology and membrane separation technology play a vital role in treatment of contaminated water.
