Fungi play vital roles in the decomposition of deadwood due to their secretion of various enzymes that break down plant cell-wall complexes.The compositions of woodinhabiting fungal(WIF)communities change over the c...Fungi play vital roles in the decomposition of deadwood due to their secretion of various enzymes that break down plant cell-wall complexes.The compositions of woodinhabiting fungal(WIF)communities change over the course of the decomposition process as the remaining mass of wood decreases and both abiotic and biotic conditions of the wood significantly change.It is currently not resolved which substrate-related factors govern these changes in WIF communities and whether such changes influence the deadwood decomposition rate.Here we report a study on fungal richness and community structure in deadwood of Norway spruce and European beech in temperate forest ecosystems using 454 pyrosequencing.Our aims were to disentangle the factors that correspond to WIF community composition and to investigate the links between fungal richness,taxonomically-resolved fungal identity,and microbial-mediated ecosystem functions and processes by analyzing physico-chemical wood properties,lignin-modifying enzyme activities and wood decomposition rates.Unlike fungal richness,we found significant differences in community structure between deadwood of different tree species.The composition of WIF communities was related to the physico-chemical properties of the deadwood substrates.Decomposition rates and the activities of ligninmodifying enzymes were controlled by the succession of the fungal communities and competition scenarios rather than fungal OTU richness.Our results provide further insights into links between fungal community structure and microbialmediated ecosystem functions and processes.展开更多
The preservation methods of polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets which had been enriched in laboratory were provided. Factors such as temperature, pH and light, which affect the nitrification activity ...The preservation methods of polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets which had been enriched in laboratory were provided. Factors such as temperature, pH and light, which affect the nitrification activity of polyurethane immobilized pellets, were investigated. The result showed that dark, deionized water and low temperature is suitable for polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets’ long term preservation.展开更多
Safety considerations of TBM are part of the design process to ensure that the TBM do not adversely affect the safety of ITER. So accurate calculations of all radioactivity and potential harmfulness are very important...Safety considerations of TBM are part of the design process to ensure that the TBM do not adversely affect the safety of ITER. So accurate calculations of all radioactivity and potential harmfulness are very important for designing of device, selecting of blanket and shield material, analyzing of the safety and environment, disposing of nuclear waste and operation of the reactor.展开更多
Chitosan oligomers （average Dp-4） are known for their antifungal activity and wood decay resistance. These oligomers are susceptible to moisture, and promote yeast growth upon air exposure after a sufficient length ...Chitosan oligomers （average Dp-4） are known for their antifungal activity and wood decay resistance. These oligomers are susceptible to moisture, and promote yeast growth upon air exposure after a sufficient length of time. Chitosan oligomers of three different states viz. completely dried, freshly prepared and highly viscous form, were prepared to compare their in-vitro antifungal activities against three brown-rot fungi, two sapstain and one mould fungus using agar nutrient medium. Additionally, a mixture of chitosan oligomers and boric acid was used for wood treatment. The nutrient medium bioassay results show that all states of chitosan oligomers inhibited the growth of tested basidiomycetes fungi, but not sapstain and mould fungi. Subsequently, wood decay results confirm antifungal activity of chitosan oligomers plus boron against basidiomycetes, but highlighted their leachability upon water exposure.展开更多
基金the DFG Priority Program 1374 on BInfrastructure-BiodiversityExploratories(KR 3587/1-1,KR 3587/3-2,BA 2821/9-2,BU 941/17-1,HO 1961/5-1,HO 1961/5-2)。
文摘Fungi play vital roles in the decomposition of deadwood due to their secretion of various enzymes that break down plant cell-wall complexes.The compositions of woodinhabiting fungal(WIF)communities change over the course of the decomposition process as the remaining mass of wood decreases and both abiotic and biotic conditions of the wood significantly change.It is currently not resolved which substrate-related factors govern these changes in WIF communities and whether such changes influence the deadwood decomposition rate.Here we report a study on fungal richness and community structure in deadwood of Norway spruce and European beech in temperate forest ecosystems using 454 pyrosequencing.Our aims were to disentangle the factors that correspond to WIF community composition and to investigate the links between fungal richness,taxonomically-resolved fungal identity,and microbial-mediated ecosystem functions and processes by analyzing physico-chemical wood properties,lignin-modifying enzyme activities and wood decomposition rates.Unlike fungal richness,we found significant differences in community structure between deadwood of different tree species.The composition of WIF communities was related to the physico-chemical properties of the deadwood substrates.Decomposition rates and the activities of ligninmodifying enzymes were controlled by the succession of the fungal communities and competition scenarios rather than fungal OTU richness.Our results provide further insights into links between fungal community structure and microbialmediated ecosystem functions and processes.
文摘The preservation methods of polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets which had been enriched in laboratory were provided. Factors such as temperature, pH and light, which affect the nitrification activity of polyurethane immobilized pellets, were investigated. The result showed that dark, deionized water and low temperature is suitable for polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets’ long term preservation.
文摘Safety considerations of TBM are part of the design process to ensure that the TBM do not adversely affect the safety of ITER. So accurate calculations of all radioactivity and potential harmfulness are very important for designing of device, selecting of blanket and shield material, analyzing of the safety and environment, disposing of nuclear waste and operation of the reactor.
文摘Chitosan oligomers （average Dp-4） are known for their antifungal activity and wood decay resistance. These oligomers are susceptible to moisture, and promote yeast growth upon air exposure after a sufficient length of time. Chitosan oligomers of three different states viz. completely dried, freshly prepared and highly viscous form, were prepared to compare their in-vitro antifungal activities against three brown-rot fungi, two sapstain and one mould fungus using agar nutrient medium. Additionally, a mixture of chitosan oligomers and boric acid was used for wood treatment. The nutrient medium bioassay results show that all states of chitosan oligomers inhibited the growth of tested basidiomycetes fungi, but not sapstain and mould fungi. Subsequently, wood decay results confirm antifungal activity of chitosan oligomers plus boron against basidiomycetes, but highlighted their leachability upon water exposure.
