On the basis of mammal’s high evolutionary rates and sensitivity to environment, this paper deals with the evolutionary history of the Chinese Cenozoic mammals and environ-mental changes, and explores the relationshi...On the basis of mammal’s high evolutionary rates and sensitivity to environment, this paper deals with the evolutionary history of the Chinese Cenozoic mammals and environ-mental changes, and explores the relationship between the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the evolution of zoogeographic provinces of China, through studying fossil mammal and the lithological characters of fossil-bearing beds. Evolutionary tendency and distribution of the mam-mals demonstrate that the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang region, onset of the Asian monsoon and differentiation of the mammalian distribution probably initiated in Oligocene. The elevation of the Plateau seems to be a gradual and relatively stable process, and the uplift not only has resulted in significant environmental changes in Asia, but also caused distinct regional differentiation of mammals in China since the middle Miocene, and as a consequence the modern zoogeographic provinces gradually took shape.展开更多
The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 km.In this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird su...The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 km.In this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and 2022.We found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity,with a total of 796 documented bird species in the region.Nearly a quarter(23.0%)of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened species.Analysis of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude,with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang(661 species).Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm,primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern China.The GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity,providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal,and mitigating the effects of climate change.In response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife,the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the GLGM.Despite these efforts,avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network,transboundary nature of the regions,and existing gaps in monitoring and research.展开更多
There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of ani...There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of animal distribution. The aim of this study was to determine, using quantitative analysis, the distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the arid areas of Central Asia, whose various physiographical regions were divided into 17 Operative Geographical Units （OGUs）. Based on the presence or absence of 52 amphibian and reptile genera in the 17 OGUs, and by making use of the Czekanowski Similarity Index, the Baroni-Urbani and Buser＇s Similarity Index, and the strong and weak boundary test, we studied the biotic boundaries within these contested regions. In accordance with our results, the classification dendrogram was divided into two main branches. One branch is composed of the northern OGUs of the Altai Mountains which are a part of the Euro-Siberian Subrealm. The other branch includes all of the OGUs south of the Altai Mountains, which belong to the Central Asia Subrealm. There is a significantly weak biotic boundary （DW〉0, GW〉GS, P〈0.01） between the Euro-Siberian Subrealm and the Central Asia Subrealm that corre- sponded to the transitional zones. The boundary between the two subrealms runs along the Altai Mountains, the Sayan Mountains, the Hangai Mountains and the Mongolian Dagurr Mountains. The boundaries between the main branches in the Central Asia Subrealm are weak, reflecting the widespread existence of transitional zones in the arid areas of Central Asia. The Tianshan Mountains should be elevated to form its own separate region, ＂the Middle Asian Mountain Region＂, which, due to its special fauna and environment, would be classified at the same level as the Mongolia-Xinjiang Region. With the approach of creating a cluster analysis dendogram based upon the genera of amphibians and reptiles, the relationship of these higher level zoogeographical divisions was successful展开更多
This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeogra...This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeographic regions in China.The results suggested that the division of Northern China was coincident with the distribution pattern of Chinese ground spiders,but there was subregion recombination between the other regions.There was aggregation between Da Hinggan Mountains subregion in the Northeast,east plain subregion in Mengxin area and west hungriness subregion,between Tianshan mountainous subregion in Mengxin area,Qiangtang altiplano subregion and the southwest mountainous region subregion in Southwest,and between east hill plain subregion in central China,west mountainous region altiplano subregion,Min and Guang coastal subregion in south of China and south Dian mountainous region subregion.The other two subregions in the Northeast formed a region.Qinghai and south Xizang subregion in Qinghai-Xizang Region formed a branch independently.展开更多
The Sichuan Province (including now Chongqing Municipality) is as a whole in geomorphology. It can be divided into two parts. The western part is West Sichuan High Plateau and the eastern part is Sichuan Basin. The bo...The Sichuan Province (including now Chongqing Municipality) is as a whole in geomorphology. It can be divided into two parts. The western part is West Sichuan High Plateau and the eastern part is Sichuan Basin. The boundary between the two parts is equally about the eastern boundaries of the three autonomous prefectures. The faunal composition (Zhao, 1999) of Sichuan reptiles is more complex. In general, the north part of the West Sichuan High Plateau is dominantly Hengduanshan Palearctic Element, the south part of the West Sichuan High Plateau is still Hengduanshan Palearctic Element on high mountains, but in low mountain and deep valley are Hengduanshan Oriental, Himalayas , and Himalayas Hengduanshan elements, but also invaded by Southern China, Indochina , even Indo Malayan elements. In eastern part of Sichuan Province, the Sichuan Basin, is mainly Southern China Element, while its western border mountains mainly Hengduanshan Oriental Element. A cosmopolitan species, Ramphotyphlops braminus , was also found in Middle Sichuan Basin Plain and Hill Province (Chongqing City and Nanchong). The Sichuan Province can be, zoogeographically, divided into six regions, i.e., Northwest Sichuan High Plateau Province (ⅣB4), Southwest Sichuan High Mountain and Deep Valley Province (ⅤA4), Sichuan Basin West Border Mountain Province (ⅤA5), Sichuan Basin Northeast Border Mountain Province (ⅥB1), Middle Sichuan Basin Plain and Hill Province (ⅥB2), and Sichuan Basin Southeast Mountain Province (ⅥB3). The location, scope, and reptile fauna of each province are discussed in the text.展开更多
Up to now,16 species of reptiles,which belong to 10 genera,4 families and 2 orders have been known in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the results of many years’ surveys,reptilian fauna and zoogeographic division in He...Up to now,16 species of reptiles,which belong to 10 genera,4 families and 2 orders have been known in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the results of many years’ surveys,reptilian fauna and zoogeographic division in Heilongjiang Province are discussed.展开更多
鳞翅目刺蛾科昆虫在全球范围内广泛分布,是重要经济林、行道林的主要害虫。本研究通过对在线数据库中刺蛾科昆虫分布数据进行整理分析,阐明其在全球范围内的物种多样性及分布格局,并初步探讨造成其物种分布不均的原因,从而为物种多样性...鳞翅目刺蛾科昆虫在全球范围内广泛分布,是重要经济林、行道林的主要害虫。本研究通过对在线数据库中刺蛾科昆虫分布数据进行整理分析,阐明其在全球范围内的物种多样性及分布格局,并初步探讨造成其物种分布不均的原因,从而为物种多样性保护及害虫防治提供科学依据。通过检索生物条形码数据库(BarcodeofLife Data System V4, BOLD V4)和全球生物多样性信息数据库(Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF)中记录的标本信息,并结合部分地区鳞翅目昆虫名录及野外采集样本数据,对刺蛾科昆虫的分布信息进行汇总分析并绘制分布图。统计得到具有明确地理坐标的刺蛾科昆虫分布信息61,947条,共187属637种。结果表明,在世界动物地理区系尺度上,东洋区刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性最高,共72属,古北区31属,澳新区及新热带区均为27属,非洲热带区22属,新北区19属。在国家尺度上,中国存在刺蛾科昆虫123种,越南116种,其次为哥斯达黎加(75种)和澳大利亚(69种)。中低纬度地区具有较高的刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性和丰富度,这有可能与该地区的气候历史条件及丰富的寄主植物资源有关。展开更多
基金the Major Baic Reseah Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology cf China(Grant No.G2000777000) the Innovation Project of CAs(Grcnt No.KB120122).
文摘On the basis of mammal’s high evolutionary rates and sensitivity to environment, this paper deals with the evolutionary history of the Chinese Cenozoic mammals and environ-mental changes, and explores the relationship between the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the evolution of zoogeographic provinces of China, through studying fossil mammal and the lithological characters of fossil-bearing beds. Evolutionary tendency and distribution of the mam-mals demonstrate that the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang region, onset of the Asian monsoon and differentiation of the mammalian distribution probably initiated in Oligocene. The elevation of the Plateau seems to be a gradual and relatively stable process, and the uplift not only has resulted in significant environmental changes in Asia, but also caused distinct regional differentiation of mammals in China since the middle Miocene, and as a consequence the modern zoogeographic provinces gradually took shape.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2602500,2022YFC2602502)Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China,Second Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,2019QZKK0501)+3 种基金Major Science and Technique Programs in Yunnan Province(202102AA310055)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070435)Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China“Wild germplasm collection and preservation in Great Gaoligong Mountain”(2021FY100200)Project for Talent and Platform of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202205AM070007)。
文摘The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 km.In this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and 2022.We found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity,with a total of 796 documented bird species in the region.Nearly a quarter(23.0%)of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened species.Analysis of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude,with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang(661 species).Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm,primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern China.The GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity,providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal,and mitigating the effects of climate change.In response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife,the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the GLGM.Despite these efforts,avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network,transboundary nature of the regions,and existing gaps in monitoring and research.
基金supported by International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA92720)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260511, 30360014)
文摘There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of animal distribution. The aim of this study was to determine, using quantitative analysis, the distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the arid areas of Central Asia, whose various physiographical regions were divided into 17 Operative Geographical Units （OGUs）. Based on the presence or absence of 52 amphibian and reptile genera in the 17 OGUs, and by making use of the Czekanowski Similarity Index, the Baroni-Urbani and Buser＇s Similarity Index, and the strong and weak boundary test, we studied the biotic boundaries within these contested regions. In accordance with our results, the classification dendrogram was divided into two main branches. One branch is composed of the northern OGUs of the Altai Mountains which are a part of the Euro-Siberian Subrealm. The other branch includes all of the OGUs south of the Altai Mountains, which belong to the Central Asia Subrealm. There is a significantly weak biotic boundary （DW〉0, GW〉GS, P〈0.01） between the Euro-Siberian Subrealm and the Central Asia Subrealm that corre- sponded to the transitional zones. The boundary between the two subrealms runs along the Altai Mountains, the Sayan Mountains, the Hangai Mountains and the Mongolian Dagurr Mountains. The boundaries between the main branches in the Central Asia Subrealm are weak, reflecting the widespread existence of transitional zones in the arid areas of Central Asia. The Tianshan Mountains should be elevated to form its own separate region, ＂the Middle Asian Mountain Region＂, which, due to its special fauna and environment, would be classified at the same level as the Mongolia-Xinjiang Region. With the approach of creating a cluster analysis dendogram based upon the genera of amphibians and reptiles, the relationship of these higher level zoogeographical divisions was successful
文摘This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeographic regions in China.The results suggested that the division of Northern China was coincident with the distribution pattern of Chinese ground spiders,but there was subregion recombination between the other regions.There was aggregation between Da Hinggan Mountains subregion in the Northeast,east plain subregion in Mengxin area and west hungriness subregion,between Tianshan mountainous subregion in Mengxin area,Qiangtang altiplano subregion and the southwest mountainous region subregion in Southwest,and between east hill plain subregion in central China,west mountainous region altiplano subregion,Min and Guang coastal subregion in south of China and south Dian mountainous region subregion.The other two subregions in the Northeast formed a region.Qinghai and south Xizang subregion in Qinghai-Xizang Region formed a branch independently.
文摘The Sichuan Province (including now Chongqing Municipality) is as a whole in geomorphology. It can be divided into two parts. The western part is West Sichuan High Plateau and the eastern part is Sichuan Basin. The boundary between the two parts is equally about the eastern boundaries of the three autonomous prefectures. The faunal composition (Zhao, 1999) of Sichuan reptiles is more complex. In general, the north part of the West Sichuan High Plateau is dominantly Hengduanshan Palearctic Element, the south part of the West Sichuan High Plateau is still Hengduanshan Palearctic Element on high mountains, but in low mountain and deep valley are Hengduanshan Oriental, Himalayas , and Himalayas Hengduanshan elements, but also invaded by Southern China, Indochina , even Indo Malayan elements. In eastern part of Sichuan Province, the Sichuan Basin, is mainly Southern China Element, while its western border mountains mainly Hengduanshan Oriental Element. A cosmopolitan species, Ramphotyphlops braminus , was also found in Middle Sichuan Basin Plain and Hill Province (Chongqing City and Nanchong). The Sichuan Province can be, zoogeographically, divided into six regions, i.e., Northwest Sichuan High Plateau Province (ⅣB4), Southwest Sichuan High Mountain and Deep Valley Province (ⅤA4), Sichuan Basin West Border Mountain Province (ⅤA5), Sichuan Basin Northeast Border Mountain Province (ⅥB1), Middle Sichuan Basin Plain and Hill Province (ⅥB2), and Sichuan Basin Southeast Mountain Province (ⅥB3). The location, scope, and reptile fauna of each province are discussed in the text.
文摘Up to now,16 species of reptiles,which belong to 10 genera,4 families and 2 orders have been known in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the results of many years’ surveys,reptilian fauna and zoogeographic division in Heilongjiang Province are discussed.
文摘鳞翅目刺蛾科昆虫在全球范围内广泛分布,是重要经济林、行道林的主要害虫。本研究通过对在线数据库中刺蛾科昆虫分布数据进行整理分析,阐明其在全球范围内的物种多样性及分布格局,并初步探讨造成其物种分布不均的原因,从而为物种多样性保护及害虫防治提供科学依据。通过检索生物条形码数据库(BarcodeofLife Data System V4, BOLD V4)和全球生物多样性信息数据库(Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF)中记录的标本信息,并结合部分地区鳞翅目昆虫名录及野外采集样本数据,对刺蛾科昆虫的分布信息进行汇总分析并绘制分布图。统计得到具有明确地理坐标的刺蛾科昆虫分布信息61,947条,共187属637种。结果表明,在世界动物地理区系尺度上,东洋区刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性最高,共72属,古北区31属,澳新区及新热带区均为27属,非洲热带区22属,新北区19属。在国家尺度上,中国存在刺蛾科昆虫123种,越南116种,其次为哥斯达黎加(75种)和澳大利亚(69种)。中低纬度地区具有较高的刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性和丰富度,这有可能与该地区的气候历史条件及丰富的寄主植物资源有关。
