Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dyna...Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dynamic changes in landscape modification and conversion and their dynamic rates of alpine wetlands over the past four decades.The results showed that the landscape conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands mainly occurred during the period from 1966 to 1986.The marsh wetland area converted from lake and river wetlands was larger because of swamping compared to other wetland landscapes.Meanwhile,the larger area of marsh wetlands was also converted to lake wetlands more than other types of wetlands.The modification processes mainly occurred among natural wetland landscapes in the first three periods.Obvious conversions were observed between wetland and nonwetland landscapes(i.e.,forestland,grassland,and other landscapes) in the Zoige Plateau.These natural wetland landscapes such as river,lake and marsh wetlands showed a net loss over the past four decades,whereas artificial wetland landscapes(i.e.,paddy field and reservoir and pond wetlands) showed a net decrease.The annual dynamic rate of the whole wetland landscape was 0.72%,in which the annual dynamic rate of river wetlands was the highest,followed by lake wetlands,while marsh wetlands had the lowest dynamic rate.The integrated landscape dynamic rate showed a decreasing trend in the first three periods.The changes in wetland landscape patterns were comprehensively controlled by natural factors and human activities,especially human activities play an important role in changing wetland landscape patterns.展开更多
全球变化背景下古气候学的研究越来越受到关注。利用多年来的文献记载和自然证据,对青藏高原东北部气候变化进行重建。并以若尔盖湿地为例,梳理了区域5000 a来气候变化对湿地植被类型、泥炭沼泽发育和文化发展产生的影响,探讨了气候变...全球变化背景下古气候学的研究越来越受到关注。利用多年来的文献记载和自然证据,对青藏高原东北部气候变化进行重建。并以若尔盖湿地为例,梳理了区域5000 a来气候变化对湿地植被类型、泥炭沼泽发育和文化发展产生的影响,探讨了气候变化、文化发展、沼泽发育三者之间可能具有的相互关系。指出青藏高原东北部5000—3000 a B.P.之间气候较为暖湿,其平均温度要高出现在2℃左右;3000 a B.P.至今为气候干冷期,其中1000 a B.P.左右是过去5000 a中最寒冷时期,近1000 a来气温呈缓慢回升趋势。区域的气候变化决定了植被类型,对泥炭沼泽的形成和发育发挥了重要作用,对文明进程的影响主要体现在气候变化通过影响沼泽的演替,从而改变人类活动的范围与早期文明的形成,同时人类的过度活动也在一定程度上影响了沼泽的分布格局及动态。但气候变化、沼泽发育和文化发展三者之间的关系有赖于多因素耦合,其具体机理有待更深入的研究。展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51179006)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (Grant No.51125035)+2 种基金National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group (Grant No. 51121003)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT-10-0235)the Fok Ying Tung Foundation (Grant No. 132009)
文摘Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dynamic changes in landscape modification and conversion and their dynamic rates of alpine wetlands over the past four decades.The results showed that the landscape conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands mainly occurred during the period from 1966 to 1986.The marsh wetland area converted from lake and river wetlands was larger because of swamping compared to other wetland landscapes.Meanwhile,the larger area of marsh wetlands was also converted to lake wetlands more than other types of wetlands.The modification processes mainly occurred among natural wetland landscapes in the first three periods.Obvious conversions were observed between wetland and nonwetland landscapes(i.e.,forestland,grassland,and other landscapes) in the Zoige Plateau.These natural wetland landscapes such as river,lake and marsh wetlands showed a net loss over the past four decades,whereas artificial wetland landscapes(i.e.,paddy field and reservoir and pond wetlands) showed a net decrease.The annual dynamic rate of the whole wetland landscape was 0.72%,in which the annual dynamic rate of river wetlands was the highest,followed by lake wetlands,while marsh wetlands had the lowest dynamic rate.The integrated landscape dynamic rate showed a decreasing trend in the first three periods.The changes in wetland landscape patterns were comprehensively controlled by natural factors and human activities,especially human activities play an important role in changing wetland landscape patterns.
文摘全球变化背景下古气候学的研究越来越受到关注。利用多年来的文献记载和自然证据,对青藏高原东北部气候变化进行重建。并以若尔盖湿地为例,梳理了区域5000 a来气候变化对湿地植被类型、泥炭沼泽发育和文化发展产生的影响,探讨了气候变化、文化发展、沼泽发育三者之间可能具有的相互关系。指出青藏高原东北部5000—3000 a B.P.之间气候较为暖湿,其平均温度要高出现在2℃左右;3000 a B.P.至今为气候干冷期,其中1000 a B.P.左右是过去5000 a中最寒冷时期,近1000 a来气温呈缓慢回升趋势。区域的气候变化决定了植被类型,对泥炭沼泽的形成和发育发挥了重要作用,对文明进程的影响主要体现在气候变化通过影响沼泽的演替,从而改变人类活动的范围与早期文明的形成,同时人类的过度活动也在一定程度上影响了沼泽的分布格局及动态。但气候变化、沼泽发育和文化发展三者之间的关系有赖于多因素耦合,其具体机理有待更深入的研究。
