Objective:To evaluate the scolicidal and immunomodulatory effect of the Ziziphora tenuior(Z.tenuior) extract and its fractions.Methods:Protoscolices were treated with six concentrations(3,5,10,25,50,and 100 mg/mL) of ...Objective:To evaluate the scolicidal and immunomodulatory effect of the Ziziphora tenuior(Z.tenuior) extract and its fractions.Methods:Protoscolices were treated with six concentrations(3,5,10,25,50,and 100 mg/mL) of Z.tenuior extract and its fractions(ethanol,petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and chloroform) in periods of 10,20,30,40,50 and 60 minutes,and viability of protoscolices was evaluated using the 1.0%eosin.To examine the immunomodulatory effects of Ziziphora and its fractions on macrophage cells,the non-toxic concentration of extract and different fractions determined by MTT assay,and the Griess reaction was used to measure the level of nitrite as an indicator of nitric oxide by the macrophage cells in 10,100 and 200 μg/mL in 24 hours at 37 ℃.Results:In this study,the Z.tenuior extract at 10 mg/mL concentration was able to kill all protoscolices during 20 minutes.By increasing the concentration to 25 mg/mL,the scolicidal time reduced to 10 minutes.Regarding the effect of different fractions of Z.tenuior,the ethanolic fraction showed the highest scolicidal activity.The extract demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the activity of macrophages and reduced nitric oxide production.Although the petroleum ether and ethanolic fractions of the extract reduced nitric oxide production,nevertheless,this effect was only significant at 10 and 100 ug/mL concentrations(P<0.05).Conclusion:The Z.tenuior extract and its fractions were effective against protoscolices yet the effect of total extract was considerable.Our findings indicates that the extract and its ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions could have anti-inflammatory properties.展开更多
Flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capability, total phenolic, ascorbic acid contents, and essential oils compounds of Ziziphora tenuoir(Lamiaceae) for polar and non-polar subfraction in different stages of growth(...Flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capability, total phenolic, ascorbic acid contents, and essential oils compounds of Ziziphora tenuoir(Lamiaceae) for polar and non-polar subfraction in different stages of growth(pre-flowering and flowering) were evaluated in this work. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three testing systems namely DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid, and reducing power assay. In the DPPH system, the highest radical scavenging activity was seen by the nonpolar subfraction of the methanol extract in the flowering stage(IC50 43.17 ± 3.68 μg·mL–1). Large differences in the amount of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and flavonoids of Z. tenuoir in two stages of growth were detected. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of Z. tenuoir was analyzed by GC/MS and compared in the two stages of growth. The main constituents of the 28 identified compounds in the oil were found to be pulegone(67.34% vs 59.61%), β-humulene(3.24% vs 3.25%), and limonene(5.06% vs 2.57%) at the flowering and pre-flowering stages, respectively.展开更多
This study was aimed to encapsulate Ziziphora clinopodioides –Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (Z-REO) using sodium alginate (NaAlg) and to evaluate its performance on antimicrobial and antioxidative activities a...This study was aimed to encapsulate Ziziphora clinopodioides –Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (Z-REO) using sodium alginate (NaAlg) and to evaluate its performance on antimicrobial and antioxidative activities and sensory attributes in lamb burger patties during cold storage for 12 days.GC-MS analysis of Z-REO indicated carvacrol (21.5%) and thymol (16.9%) were the major components.SEM images showed the formation of encapsulated particles.The presence of encapsulated Z-REO in NaAlg was proved based on the increase in band intensity of FTIR spectra.By increasing mass ratios of NaAlg:Z-REO from 1:1 to 2:1,and 4:1,encapsulation efficiency was increased.Average zeta-potential values (mV) of the mass ratios 4:1 and 2:1 were −48.67 and −44.83,indicating the stability of encapsulated particles.The average size of particles ranged from 159.14 nm to 256.14 nm.The results showed that the encapsulated nanoparticles could markedly decrease the growth of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus and delay the lipid oxidation of lamb patties compared to the control samples and in samples with free Z-REO.Furthermore,nanoparticles efficiently decreased discoloration and off-odor development in the patties.Therefore,NaAlg-Z-REO nanoparticles could efficiently reduce bacterial growth and oxidative or sensory deterioration of lamb patties during storage.展开更多
基金the Research Division of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences for supporting the project financiallythe Medicinal Plants Research Center,Institute of Medicinal Plants, (ACECR),Karaj,Iran
文摘Objective:To evaluate the scolicidal and immunomodulatory effect of the Ziziphora tenuior(Z.tenuior) extract and its fractions.Methods:Protoscolices were treated with six concentrations(3,5,10,25,50,and 100 mg/mL) of Z.tenuior extract and its fractions(ethanol,petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and chloroform) in periods of 10,20,30,40,50 and 60 minutes,and viability of protoscolices was evaluated using the 1.0%eosin.To examine the immunomodulatory effects of Ziziphora and its fractions on macrophage cells,the non-toxic concentration of extract and different fractions determined by MTT assay,and the Griess reaction was used to measure the level of nitrite as an indicator of nitric oxide by the macrophage cells in 10,100 and 200 μg/mL in 24 hours at 37 ℃.Results:In this study,the Z.tenuior extract at 10 mg/mL concentration was able to kill all protoscolices during 20 minutes.By increasing the concentration to 25 mg/mL,the scolicidal time reduced to 10 minutes.Regarding the effect of different fractions of Z.tenuior,the ethanolic fraction showed the highest scolicidal activity.The extract demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the activity of macrophages and reduced nitric oxide production.Although the petroleum ether and ethanolic fractions of the extract reduced nitric oxide production,nevertheless,this effect was only significant at 10 and 100 ug/mL concentrations(P<0.05).Conclusion:The Z.tenuior extract and its fractions were effective against protoscolices yet the effect of total extract was considerable.Our findings indicates that the extract and its ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions could have anti-inflammatory properties.
文摘Flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capability, total phenolic, ascorbic acid contents, and essential oils compounds of Ziziphora tenuoir(Lamiaceae) for polar and non-polar subfraction in different stages of growth(pre-flowering and flowering) were evaluated in this work. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three testing systems namely DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid, and reducing power assay. In the DPPH system, the highest radical scavenging activity was seen by the nonpolar subfraction of the methanol extract in the flowering stage(IC50 43.17 ± 3.68 μg·mL–1). Large differences in the amount of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and flavonoids of Z. tenuoir in two stages of growth were detected. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of Z. tenuoir was analyzed by GC/MS and compared in the two stages of growth. The main constituents of the 28 identified compounds in the oil were found to be pulegone(67.34% vs 59.61%), β-humulene(3.24% vs 3.25%), and limonene(5.06% vs 2.57%) at the flowering and pre-flowering stages, respectively.
文摘This study was aimed to encapsulate Ziziphora clinopodioides –Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (Z-REO) using sodium alginate (NaAlg) and to evaluate its performance on antimicrobial and antioxidative activities and sensory attributes in lamb burger patties during cold storage for 12 days.GC-MS analysis of Z-REO indicated carvacrol (21.5%) and thymol (16.9%) were the major components.SEM images showed the formation of encapsulated particles.The presence of encapsulated Z-REO in NaAlg was proved based on the increase in band intensity of FTIR spectra.By increasing mass ratios of NaAlg:Z-REO from 1:1 to 2:1,and 4:1,encapsulation efficiency was increased.Average zeta-potential values (mV) of the mass ratios 4:1 and 2:1 were −48.67 and −44.83,indicating the stability of encapsulated particles.The average size of particles ranged from 159.14 nm to 256.14 nm.The results showed that the encapsulated nanoparticles could markedly decrease the growth of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus and delay the lipid oxidation of lamb patties compared to the control samples and in samples with free Z-REO.Furthermore,nanoparticles efficiently decreased discoloration and off-odor development in the patties.Therefore,NaAlg-Z-REO nanoparticles could efficiently reduce bacterial growth and oxidative or sensory deterioration of lamb patties during storage.
