[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal process conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea. [Methods] Based on single factor experiments, with the extraction ra...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal process conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea. [Methods] Based on single factor experiments, with the extraction rate of polysaccharides as the response value and liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time as investigation factors, the optimum extraction process for tea polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea was determined by Box-Behnken central componse design and response surface analysis method. [Results] Under the conditions of the liquid-to-solid ratio of 50∶1(ml/g), the extraction temperature at 94 ℃ and the extraction time of 210 min, the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea reached 2.16%. [Conclusions] This study will provide theoretical basis and reference for subsequent related research.展开更多
Tea infusion is the main route of human exposure to pollutants in tea,and it is vital to investigate the transfer rate of pollutants from tea leaves to infusion.Carbendazim is a commonly used systemic fungicide,the tr...Tea infusion is the main route of human exposure to pollutants in tea,and it is vital to investigate the transfer rate of pollutants from tea leaves to infusion.Carbendazim is a commonly used systemic fungicide,the transfer behavior of which in Yingshan Yunwu tea is not clear.Hence,this study firstly established the analytical method for determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision via modified QuEChERS method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(UPLC-FLD).Then,the transfer behavior of carbendazim from tea leaves and infusion was systematically investigated.Results indicated that water temperature and proportion of tea to water ration would obviously increase the transfer rate of carbendazim,but times of infusion repetition showed negative correlation with the transfer rate of carbendazim.In addition,brewing time seemed to have lesser impact on the transfer rate.This study will be helpful for the risk assessment of carbendazim residue and provide the guidance for tea brewing.展开更多
Deep carbonate rocks are important targets for oil and gas exploration in China. In recent years, significant oil/gas discoveries have been made in the deep carbonate sequences in the Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos, and Bohai ...Deep carbonate rocks are important targets for oil and gas exploration in China. In recent years, significant oil/gas discoveries have been made in the deep carbonate sequences in the Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos, and Bohai Bay basins. Despite significant oil/gas discoveries, large-scale exploration has not been conducted in the Gucheng area in the Tarim Basin. To break the bottleneck restricting the petroleum exploration in the Gucheng area, this study analyzed the factors controlling the formation of carbonate reservoirs of the Yingshan Formation in the Gucheng area in detail based on the basic geological conditions of the study area and the data from cores, thin sections, well logging, testing, and 3-D seismic survey. The inner shallow-ramp in the Gucheng area acts as the main sedimentary facies zone for the development of high-quality reservoirs. The grainstones formed in the high-energy environment of the inner shallow-ramp laid the foundation for subsequent reservoir development in the study area. The dolomitized shoal grainstones in the inner shallow-ramp have well-developed intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline dissolved pores due to later dolomitization, thus serving as high-quality reservoirs. Strike-slip faults are crucial to reservoir reformation and determine whether high production can be achieved in oil and gas exploitation in the study area. Moreover, later reformation by hydrothermal solutions also plays a constructive role in reservoir formation.展开更多
The reservoir conditions,oil and gas charge history and accumulation phases were studied for Yingshan Formation of Yuqi block,and an oil and gas accumulation model was established by using the techniques of reservoir ...The reservoir conditions,oil and gas charge history and accumulation phases were studied for Yingshan Formation of Yuqi block,and an oil and gas accumulation model was established by using the techniques of reservoir prediction,fluorescence thin section and fluid inclusion analysis under the guidance of the theories of oil and gas accumulation.The results indicate that the main rock types in Yingshan Formation are micrite and calcarenite.The carbonate reservoirs are of cave,fracture-pore and fracture types,and their physical properties are intermediate;there are at least four oil/gas charges,i.e.late Hercynian,Yanshanian,early Himalayan and middle Himalayan(Cenozoic).The most important charge periods are late Hercynian,early Himalayan and middle Himalayan;the oil and gas accumulation model is self source-lateral expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation,or hydrocarbon sourced from and preserved in the same old rocks-long term expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation.展开更多
To understand the reservoir property and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Middle and Upper Ordovician intraplatform shoal between ultra-deep main strike-slip faults in Fuman Oilfield of the Tarim Basin, Chin...To understand the reservoir property and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Middle and Upper Ordovician intraplatform shoal between ultra-deep main strike-slip faults in Fuman Oilfield of the Tarim Basin, China, the main strike-slip faults in and around well FD1 in the basin were analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy, intraplatform shoal reservoir property, and oil and gas origins, based on drilling data. The Yingshan Formation intraplatform shoal between the main strike-slip faults is superimposed with low-order faults to form a new type of hydrocarbon play. Firstly, hydrocarbons generated from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks vertically migrated into the second member of Yingshan Formation through the main strike-slip faults, and then migrated laterally until they were accumulated. A small amount of oil from Well FD1 came from the Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the mature stage, and a large amount of gas originated from oil cracking in the ultra-deep reservoirs. Therefore, the secondary gas condensate reservoir in Well FD1 is characterized by high gas to oil ratio, dry gas (dryness coefficient being 0.970) and hybrid origin. This new type of hydrocarbon play characterized by intraplatform shoal and low-order fault suggests a prospect of continuous hydrocarbon-bearing area in Fuman Oilfield, which will expand the ultrap-deep oil and gas exploration in the oilfield.展开更多
Based on seismic, drilling data and experimental analysis, the characteristics and main controlling factors of shoal dolomite gas reservoir in the third member of Ordovician Yingshan Formation of Gucheng area, Tarim b...Based on seismic, drilling data and experimental analysis, the characteristics and main controlling factors of shoal dolomite gas reservoir in the third member of Ordovician Yingshan Formation of Gucheng area, Tarim basin were examined.The study shows that the dolomite gas reservoir in Gucheng area is lithologic gas reservoir controlled by shoal and fault jointly,and its formation is mainly attributed to the following factors:(1) The continuously developing paleotectonic structure has been in the direction of gas migration and accumulation;(2) The large area of medium-high energy grain bank deposited in gentle slope environment is the material basis for the formation of dolomite reservoir;(3) Atmospheric water leaching and dolomitization and fluid dissolution in fault zone are the key factors for the formation of high-quality dolomite reservoir;(4)The natural gas comes from cracking of the ancient oil reservoir and hydrocarbon generation of dispersed organic matter in source rocks, and the NNE-trending strike-slip fault is the dominant channel for vertical migration of natural gas;(5) Limestone cap rocks in the first and second members of Yingshan Formation provide direct sealing for the formation of gas reservoir there. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, it is pointed out that the Gucheng area has three grain shoal zones in the third member of Yingshan Formation in nearly S-N direction, which together with seven strike-slip fault zones in NNE direction control the development of shoal dolomite gas reservoir.展开更多
Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution...Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.展开更多
基金Supported by High-grade Cultivation Program of Huanggang Normal University(201816703)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal process conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea. [Methods] Based on single factor experiments, with the extraction rate of polysaccharides as the response value and liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time as investigation factors, the optimum extraction process for tea polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea was determined by Box-Behnken central componse design and response surface analysis method. [Results] Under the conditions of the liquid-to-solid ratio of 50∶1(ml/g), the extraction temperature at 94 ℃ and the extraction time of 210 min, the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea reached 2.16%. [Conclusions] This study will provide theoretical basis and reference for subsequent related research.
基金Supported by Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains Fund(2021CX06)Teaching and Research Project of Huanggang Normal University(2021CE20).
文摘Tea infusion is the main route of human exposure to pollutants in tea,and it is vital to investigate the transfer rate of pollutants from tea leaves to infusion.Carbendazim is a commonly used systemic fungicide,the transfer behavior of which in Yingshan Yunwu tea is not clear.Hence,this study firstly established the analytical method for determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision via modified QuEChERS method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(UPLC-FLD).Then,the transfer behavior of carbendazim from tea leaves and infusion was systematically investigated.Results indicated that water temperature and proportion of tea to water ration would obviously increase the transfer rate of carbendazim,but times of infusion repetition showed negative correlation with the transfer rate of carbendazim.In addition,brewing time seemed to have lesser impact on the transfer rate.This study will be helpful for the risk assessment of carbendazim residue and provide the guidance for tea brewing.
文摘Deep carbonate rocks are important targets for oil and gas exploration in China. In recent years, significant oil/gas discoveries have been made in the deep carbonate sequences in the Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos, and Bohai Bay basins. Despite significant oil/gas discoveries, large-scale exploration has not been conducted in the Gucheng area in the Tarim Basin. To break the bottleneck restricting the petroleum exploration in the Gucheng area, this study analyzed the factors controlling the formation of carbonate reservoirs of the Yingshan Formation in the Gucheng area in detail based on the basic geological conditions of the study area and the data from cores, thin sections, well logging, testing, and 3-D seismic survey. The inner shallow-ramp in the Gucheng area acts as the main sedimentary facies zone for the development of high-quality reservoirs. The grainstones formed in the high-energy environment of the inner shallow-ramp laid the foundation for subsequent reservoir development in the study area. The dolomitized shoal grainstones in the inner shallow-ramp have well-developed intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline dissolved pores due to later dolomitization, thus serving as high-quality reservoirs. Strike-slip faults are crucial to reservoir reformation and determine whether high production can be achieved in oil and gas exploitation in the study area. Moreover, later reformation by hydrothermal solutions also plays a constructive role in reservoir formation.
基金Project(P05009) supported by the Item of Science and Technology and Development of SINOPEC Stock Limited Company of China
文摘The reservoir conditions,oil and gas charge history and accumulation phases were studied for Yingshan Formation of Yuqi block,and an oil and gas accumulation model was established by using the techniques of reservoir prediction,fluorescence thin section and fluid inclusion analysis under the guidance of the theories of oil and gas accumulation.The results indicate that the main rock types in Yingshan Formation are micrite and calcarenite.The carbonate reservoirs are of cave,fracture-pore and fracture types,and their physical properties are intermediate;there are at least four oil/gas charges,i.e.late Hercynian,Yanshanian,early Himalayan and middle Himalayan(Cenozoic).The most important charge periods are late Hercynian,early Himalayan and middle Himalayan;the oil and gas accumulation model is self source-lateral expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation,or hydrocarbon sourced from and preserved in the same old rocks-long term expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230816)PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2021DJ1501)Tarim Oilfield Technology Project(T202112).
文摘To understand the reservoir property and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Middle and Upper Ordovician intraplatform shoal between ultra-deep main strike-slip faults in Fuman Oilfield of the Tarim Basin, China, the main strike-slip faults in and around well FD1 in the basin were analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy, intraplatform shoal reservoir property, and oil and gas origins, based on drilling data. The Yingshan Formation intraplatform shoal between the main strike-slip faults is superimposed with low-order faults to form a new type of hydrocarbon play. Firstly, hydrocarbons generated from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks vertically migrated into the second member of Yingshan Formation through the main strike-slip faults, and then migrated laterally until they were accumulated. A small amount of oil from Well FD1 came from the Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the mature stage, and a large amount of gas originated from oil cracking in the ultra-deep reservoirs. Therefore, the secondary gas condensate reservoir in Well FD1 is characterized by high gas to oil ratio, dry gas (dryness coefficient being 0.970) and hybrid origin. This new type of hydrocarbon play characterized by intraplatform shoal and low-order fault suggests a prospect of continuous hydrocarbon-bearing area in Fuman Oilfield, which will expand the ultrap-deep oil and gas exploration in the oilfield.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A201009 and 41972157)PetroChina Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2016E-0204)。
文摘Based on seismic, drilling data and experimental analysis, the characteristics and main controlling factors of shoal dolomite gas reservoir in the third member of Ordovician Yingshan Formation of Gucheng area, Tarim basin were examined.The study shows that the dolomite gas reservoir in Gucheng area is lithologic gas reservoir controlled by shoal and fault jointly,and its formation is mainly attributed to the following factors:(1) The continuously developing paleotectonic structure has been in the direction of gas migration and accumulation;(2) The large area of medium-high energy grain bank deposited in gentle slope environment is the material basis for the formation of dolomite reservoir;(3) Atmospheric water leaching and dolomitization and fluid dissolution in fault zone are the key factors for the formation of high-quality dolomite reservoir;(4)The natural gas comes from cracking of the ancient oil reservoir and hydrocarbon generation of dispersed organic matter in source rocks, and the NNE-trending strike-slip fault is the dominant channel for vertical migration of natural gas;(5) Limestone cap rocks in the first and second members of Yingshan Formation provide direct sealing for the formation of gas reservoir there. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, it is pointed out that the Gucheng area has three grain shoal zones in the third member of Yingshan Formation in nearly S-N direction, which together with seven strike-slip fault zones in NNE direction control the development of shoal dolomite gas reservoir.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grant No.41372146)
文摘Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.
