在2010年美国、瑞典、以色列、希腊、荷兰、瑞士、澳大利亚等国的一些专家共同提出的关于MDR（multidrug resistant）、XDR（extensively drug resistant）、PDR （pandrug resistant）术语国际标准化建议（草案）的基础（见本刊2011年1...在2010年美国、瑞典、以色列、希腊、荷兰、瑞士、澳大利亚等国的一些专家共同提出的关于MDR（multidrug resistant）、XDR（extensively drug resistant）、PDR （pandrug resistant）术语国际标准化建议（草案）的基础（见本刊2011年10卷3期238-240页）上, Magiorakos等专家于2012年在〈Clinical Microbiology and Infection〉杂志上正式发表了MDR、XDR、PDR耐药菌暂行标准定义.与2010版相比,增加或删除了一些耐药菌判断的代表性抗菌药物,修改了部分肠杆菌科细菌中的固有耐药菌.现将主要部分摘译如下.展开更多
Over time, the world has transformed digitally and there is total dependence on the internet. Many more gadgets are continuously interconnected in the internet ecosystem. This fact has made the Internet a global infor...Over time, the world has transformed digitally and there is total dependence on the internet. Many more gadgets are continuously interconnected in the internet ecosystem. This fact has made the Internet a global information source for every being. Despite all this, attacker knowledge by cybercriminals has advanced and resulted in different attack methodologies on the internet and its data stores. This paper will discuss the origin and significance of Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). These kinds of attacks remain the most effective methods used by the bad guys to cause substantial damage in terms of operational, reputational, and financial damage to organizations globally. These kinds of attacks have hindered network performance and availability. The victim’s network is flooded with massive illegal traffic hence, denying genuine traffic from passing through for authorized users. The paper will explore detection mechanisms, and mitigation techniques for this network threat.展开更多
多年来,网络安全运营人员长期面临警报和误报过多、工具和响应集成度弱等问题,使安全运营压力逐渐增加。本文主要研究基于扩展威胁检测与响应技术(Extended Detection and Response,XDR)的可持续安全运营体系,并给出体系架构和构建流程,...多年来,网络安全运营人员长期面临警报和误报过多、工具和响应集成度弱等问题,使安全运营压力逐渐增加。本文主要研究基于扩展威胁检测与响应技术(Extended Detection and Response,XDR)的可持续安全运营体系,并给出体系架构和构建流程,为XDR可持续安全运营体系建设提供落地参考。展开更多
Background: The emergence of carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly reported nowadays and constitutes a major problem to the intensive care unit (ICU) patients with notable extensive-drug resi...Background: The emergence of carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly reported nowadays and constitutes a major problem to the intensive care unit (ICU) patients with notable extensive-drug resistance ability. The study investigates carbapenemase producing A. baumannii strains exhibiting an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype, isolated from ICU patients in Khartoum. Methods: A total of 100 nonduplicate Gram-negative coccobacilli strains were obtained from microbiology laboratory of ICU patients’ clinical isolates. Molecular identification of A. baumannii was performed by targeting 16S rRNA gene using specifically designed primers. Then, XDR strains were determined by susceptibility testing (disc diffusion). For detection of carbapenemase genes Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. Result: Of 100 ICU clinical isolates, 38 (38.0%) was confirmed A. baumannii strains, those strains showed 100% carbapenem resistance and 60.5% extensive drug resistance to the antibiotics tested. The frequency of carbapenemase producer was 57.9% (22/38) of carbapenem resistance A. baumannii (CRAB). The most common carbapenemase associated with resistance was blaOXA gene followed by blaNDM and blaGES A. baumannii isolates. The co-occurrence of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM, blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51, and blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-51 was detected in 22.7%, 18.2% strains and 4.5% respectively. A unique characteristic of our findings was the coharbouring of the genes blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-143 in 9.1% strains (2/22), and this was the first report in the Khartoum city, Sudan. Conclusion: We have demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of XDR-carbapenemase producing A. baumannii clinical isolates from ICU patients in Khartoum. Also an emergent blaOXA-143 was reported as High-Risk Clones. This highlights the routine mentoring of XDR-carbapenemase producing A. baumannii to avoid clone dissemination in our region hospitals.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in developing countries.Waterborne typhoid fever affects an estimated 27 million people worldwide each year.Decades of...Summary What is already known about this topic?Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in developing countries.Waterborne typhoid fever affects an estimated 27 million people worldwide each year.Decades of indiscriminate antibiotic usage has driven the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant(MDR)and even extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella Typhi(S.Typhi)strains.展开更多
文摘在2010年美国、瑞典、以色列、希腊、荷兰、瑞士、澳大利亚等国的一些专家共同提出的关于MDR（multidrug resistant）、XDR（extensively drug resistant）、PDR （pandrug resistant）术语国际标准化建议（草案）的基础（见本刊2011年10卷3期238-240页）上, Magiorakos等专家于2012年在〈Clinical Microbiology and Infection〉杂志上正式发表了MDR、XDR、PDR耐药菌暂行标准定义.与2010版相比,增加或删除了一些耐药菌判断的代表性抗菌药物,修改了部分肠杆菌科细菌中的固有耐药菌.现将主要部分摘译如下.
文摘Over time, the world has transformed digitally and there is total dependence on the internet. Many more gadgets are continuously interconnected in the internet ecosystem. This fact has made the Internet a global information source for every being. Despite all this, attacker knowledge by cybercriminals has advanced and resulted in different attack methodologies on the internet and its data stores. This paper will discuss the origin and significance of Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). These kinds of attacks remain the most effective methods used by the bad guys to cause substantial damage in terms of operational, reputational, and financial damage to organizations globally. These kinds of attacks have hindered network performance and availability. The victim’s network is flooded with massive illegal traffic hence, denying genuine traffic from passing through for authorized users. The paper will explore detection mechanisms, and mitigation techniques for this network threat.
文摘多年来,网络安全运营人员长期面临警报和误报过多、工具和响应集成度弱等问题,使安全运营压力逐渐增加。本文主要研究基于扩展威胁检测与响应技术(Extended Detection and Response,XDR)的可持续安全运营体系,并给出体系架构和构建流程,为XDR可持续安全运营体系建设提供落地参考。
文摘Background: The emergence of carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly reported nowadays and constitutes a major problem to the intensive care unit (ICU) patients with notable extensive-drug resistance ability. The study investigates carbapenemase producing A. baumannii strains exhibiting an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype, isolated from ICU patients in Khartoum. Methods: A total of 100 nonduplicate Gram-negative coccobacilli strains were obtained from microbiology laboratory of ICU patients’ clinical isolates. Molecular identification of A. baumannii was performed by targeting 16S rRNA gene using specifically designed primers. Then, XDR strains were determined by susceptibility testing (disc diffusion). For detection of carbapenemase genes Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. Result: Of 100 ICU clinical isolates, 38 (38.0%) was confirmed A. baumannii strains, those strains showed 100% carbapenem resistance and 60.5% extensive drug resistance to the antibiotics tested. The frequency of carbapenemase producer was 57.9% (22/38) of carbapenem resistance A. baumannii (CRAB). The most common carbapenemase associated with resistance was blaOXA gene followed by blaNDM and blaGES A. baumannii isolates. The co-occurrence of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM, blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51, and blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-51 was detected in 22.7%, 18.2% strains and 4.5% respectively. A unique characteristic of our findings was the coharbouring of the genes blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-143 in 9.1% strains (2/22), and this was the first report in the Khartoum city, Sudan. Conclusion: We have demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of XDR-carbapenemase producing A. baumannii clinical isolates from ICU patients in Khartoum. Also an emergent blaOXA-143 was reported as High-Risk Clones. This highlights the routine mentoring of XDR-carbapenemase producing A. baumannii to avoid clone dissemination in our region hospitals.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in developing countries.Waterborne typhoid fever affects an estimated 27 million people worldwide each year.Decades of indiscriminate antibiotic usage has driven the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant(MDR)and even extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella Typhi(S.Typhi)strains.
