2011—2012和2012—2013年生长季,通过田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦干物质积累、氮效率、土壤硝态氮积累及产量的影响。与单施氮肥（对照）相比,秸秆还田显著提高冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量,降低开花前干物质积累量...2011—2012和2012—2013年生长季,通过田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦干物质积累、氮效率、土壤硝态氮积累及产量的影响。与单施氮肥（对照）相比,秸秆还田显著提高冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量,降低开花前干物质积累量及其占全生育期比例;秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm^–2处理的氮肥偏生产力、氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数分别提高7.5%、6.4%和5.2%。秸秆还田显著降低了不同土层硝态氮积累量,尤其是0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层。秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm^–2的产量最高,且显著高于其他处理,增产幅度最大,因此可作为当地秸秆还田模式下适宜推荐的施氮量。展开更多
Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing a...Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen （N） efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested： （i） rotary tillage without straw return （RT）; （ii） deep plowing tillage without straw return （DT）; （iii） rotary tillage with total straw return （RS）; （iv） deep plowing tillage with total straw return （DS）; （v） rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return （TS）. Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear-1, thousand-kernel weight （TKW）, grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen （N） efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha-1 in the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013-2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were ob- served in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.展开更多
文摘2011—2012和2012—2013年生长季,通过田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦干物质积累、氮效率、土壤硝态氮积累及产量的影响。与单施氮肥（对照）相比,秸秆还田显著提高冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量,降低开花前干物质积累量及其占全生育期比例;秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm^–2处理的氮肥偏生产力、氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数分别提高7.5%、6.4%和5.2%。秸秆还田显著降低了不同土层硝态氮积累量,尤其是0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层。秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm^–2的产量最高,且显著高于其他处理,增产幅度最大,因此可作为当地秸秆还田模式下适宜推荐的施氮量。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300400)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2015CB150404)+4 种基金the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in Public Interest of China(201203100)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-year Plan period(2012BAD04B05)the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology,China(J14LF12)the Shandong Province Mount Tai Industrial Talents Program,Chinathe Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation,China
文摘Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen （N） efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested： （i） rotary tillage without straw return （RT）; （ii） deep plowing tillage without straw return （DT）; （iii） rotary tillage with total straw return （RS）; （iv） deep plowing tillage with total straw return （DS）; （v） rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return （TS）. Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear-1, thousand-kernel weight （TKW）, grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen （N） efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha-1 in the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013-2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were ob- served in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
