对小麦赤霉病不同抗性的苏麦三号(R)、扬麦四号(MR)和南农824(S)三个品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力(u·hr^(-1)·mg^(-1)protein),在拔节期的顶叶中分别测得6.26,12.28和25.12;在孕穗期的麦穗中分别测得140.1,143.3和167.7...对小麦赤霉病不同抗性的苏麦三号(R)、扬麦四号(MR)和南农824(S)三个品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力(u·hr^(-1)·mg^(-1)protein),在拔节期的顶叶中分别测得6.26,12.28和25.12;在孕穗期的麦穗中分别测得140.1,143.3和167.7。滴注接种后8天,苏麦三号、扬麦四号和南农824的病穗中 PAL 比活力与健康穗中的比值分别为0.53,0.67和1.34。用 HPLC 法测定麦穗中绿原酸含量(μg·g^(-1)dry WT),在接种4、8和12天后的苏麦三号穗中分别为32.4,52.4和27.7;扬麦四号穗中分别为60.0,68.0和94.4;南农824穗中分别为123.8,142.2和158.9。绿原酸含量在苏麦三号接种穗中均最低,在南农824接种穗中均最高。禾谷镰刀菌分生孢子在0.05%、0.1%和0.2%的绿原酸溶液中萌发数比对照分别增加214%,614%和970%。上述结果表明,小麦麦穗接种后的 PAL 比活力变化以及绿原酸含量与其抗赤霉病程度呈负相关。展开更多
Thinopyrum ponticum and Th. intermedium provide superior resistance against various diseases in wheat （Ttricum aestivum）. Because of their readily crossing with wheat, many genes for disease resistance have been int...Thinopyrum ponticum and Th. intermedium provide superior resistance against various diseases in wheat （Ttricum aestivum）. Because of their readily crossing with wheat, many genes for disease resistance have been introduced from the wheatgrasses into wheat. Genes for resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, Barley yellow dwarf virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus, and its vector, the wheat curl mite, have been transferred into wheat by producing chromosome translocations. These genes offer an opportunity to improve resistance of wheat to the diseases; some of them have been extensively used in protecting wheat from damage of the diseases. Moreover, new resistance to diseases is continuously detected in the progenies of wheat-Thinopyrum derivatives. The present article summaries characterization and application of the genes for fungal and viral disease-resistance derived from Th. ponticum and Th. intermedium.展开更多
Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, researc...Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in China are reviewed. Over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre （CIMMYT） were introduced into China since 1995. Four cultivars derived from these, Chuanmai 38, Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 43 and Chuanmai 47, have been released in China. Of these, Chuanmai 42, with large kernels and resistance to stripe rust, had the highest average yield （〉 6 t/ha） among all cultivars over two years in Sichuan provincial yield trials, outyielding the commercial check cultivar Chuanmai 107 by 22,7%. Meanwhile, by either artificial chromosome doubling via colchicine treatment or spontaneous chromosome doubling via a union of unreduced gametes （2n） from T. turgidum-Ae, tauschii hybrids, new SHW lines were produced in China. Mitotic-like meiosis might be the cytological mechanism of spontaneous chromosome doubling. SHW lines with genes for spontaneous chromosome doubling may be useful for producing new SHW-alien amphidiploids and double haploid in wheat genetic improvement.展开更多
文摘对小麦赤霉病不同抗性的苏麦三号(R)、扬麦四号(MR)和南农824(S)三个品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力(u·hr^(-1)·mg^(-1)protein),在拔节期的顶叶中分别测得6.26,12.28和25.12;在孕穗期的麦穗中分别测得140.1,143.3和167.7。滴注接种后8天,苏麦三号、扬麦四号和南农824的病穗中 PAL 比活力与健康穗中的比值分别为0.53,0.67和1.34。用 HPLC 法测定麦穗中绿原酸含量(μg·g^(-1)dry WT),在接种4、8和12天后的苏麦三号穗中分别为32.4,52.4和27.7;扬麦四号穗中分别为60.0,68.0和94.4;南农824穗中分别为123.8,142.2和158.9。绿原酸含量在苏麦三号接种穗中均最低,在南农824接种穗中均最高。禾谷镰刀菌分生孢子在0.05%、0.1%和0.2%的绿原酸溶液中萌发数比对照分别增加214%,614%和970%。上述结果表明,小麦麦穗接种后的 PAL 比活力变化以及绿原酸含量与其抗赤霉病程度呈负相关。
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China (No. NB08-2130135-(25-30)-21)
文摘Thinopyrum ponticum and Th. intermedium provide superior resistance against various diseases in wheat （Ttricum aestivum）. Because of their readily crossing with wheat, many genes for disease resistance have been introduced from the wheatgrasses into wheat. Genes for resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, Barley yellow dwarf virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus, and its vector, the wheat curl mite, have been transferred into wheat by producing chromosome translocations. These genes offer an opportunity to improve resistance of wheat to the diseases; some of them have been extensively used in protecting wheat from damage of the diseases. Moreover, new resistance to diseases is continuously detected in the progenies of wheat-Thinopyrum derivatives. The present article summaries characterization and application of the genes for fungal and viral disease-resistance derived from Th. ponticum and Th. intermedium.
基金supported by the National 863 pro-gram (No. 2006AA10Z1C6)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771338 and 30700495)+1 种基金"100-Talent Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province
文摘Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in China are reviewed. Over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre （CIMMYT） were introduced into China since 1995. Four cultivars derived from these, Chuanmai 38, Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 43 and Chuanmai 47, have been released in China. Of these, Chuanmai 42, with large kernels and resistance to stripe rust, had the highest average yield （〉 6 t/ha） among all cultivars over two years in Sichuan provincial yield trials, outyielding the commercial check cultivar Chuanmai 107 by 22,7%. Meanwhile, by either artificial chromosome doubling via colchicine treatment or spontaneous chromosome doubling via a union of unreduced gametes （2n） from T. turgidum-Ae, tauschii hybrids, new SHW lines were produced in China. Mitotic-like meiosis might be the cytological mechanism of spontaneous chromosome doubling. SHW lines with genes for spontaneous chromosome doubling may be useful for producing new SHW-alien amphidiploids and double haploid in wheat genetic improvement.
