In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken ...In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.展开更多
Crop damage during the intra-row weed eradiation is one of the biggest challenges in intercultural agricultural operations.Several available mechanical systems provide effective weeding but result in excess crop damag...Crop damage during the intra-row weed eradiation is one of the biggest challenges in intercultural agricultural operations.Several available mechanical systems provide effective weeding but result in excess crop damage.On the other hand,chemical based systems have been raising serious environmental and food concerns.This study presents development of a cost-effectivemechatronic prototype for intra-rowweeding operation.The primary focus was on incurring minimal crop damage.The system integrates time of flight and inductive sensing into fuzzy logic algorithm for electronic control of a four-bar linkage mechanism(FBLM).The crank of FBLM was connected to the vertical rotary weed control shaft with weeding blades.The crop sensing triggers the electronic control to laterally shift the control shaft away from crop,proportional to the forward speed and soil conditions.The developed algorithm incorporates varied conditions of soil,forward speed,and plant spacing to calculate dynamic lateral shift speed(SRPM).The prototype was evaluated to determine the relationships between the operating conditions and electronic control parameters.Moreover,the plant damage was assessed under varied conditions of plant spacing,forward speeds,soil cone index,operational depth and electronic control parameters.The derived SRPM was established as the ultimate governing factor for avoiding crop damage that varied significantlywith electronic response time and soil strength(P<0.05).Plant damage increased significantly under higher forward speeds and lower plant spacing(P<0.05).Preliminary field evaluation of the developed prototype showed a significant potential of this system for effective control on weeds(>65%)and crop damage(<25%).展开更多
[目的]为减少农业劳动力投入,提高农业经济效益,项目组选用9种除草剂进行玉米地杂草防除试验,为田间合理选用除草剂提供依据。[结果]以50%硝磺草酮.莠去津.乙草胺SC 1575 g a.i./hm2、33.5%甲基磺草酮.异丙草胺.莠去津SC 1005 g a.i./hm...[目的]为减少农业劳动力投入,提高农业经济效益,项目组选用9种除草剂进行玉米地杂草防除试验,为田间合理选用除草剂提供依据。[结果]以50%硝磺草酮.莠去津.乙草胺SC 1575 g a.i./hm2、33.5%甲基磺草酮.异丙草胺.莠去津SC 1005 g a.i./hm2、20%烟嘧磺隆.莠去津OF 300 g a.i./hm2对玉米地田间杂草群体防效较好,药后45 d株防效在81.00%以上、鲜质量防效在89.00%以上,40%乙草胺.莠去津.氰草津SC 1500 g a.i./hm2防效次之。[结论]以上4种药剂能有效防除玉米地田间杂草且对玉米生长安全。展开更多
对冬小麦-水稻连作制度下的水直播稻田杂草发生动态进行监测,建立水稻播后有草/无草天数与水稻产量损失率之间的函数关系,推导出杂草与水稻的竞争临界期,并探讨水直播稻田杂草苗后一次化除技术方案。结果表明,水稻产量损失率随水稻播后...对冬小麦-水稻连作制度下的水直播稻田杂草发生动态进行监测,建立水稻播后有草/无草天数与水稻产量损失率之间的函数关系,推导出杂草与水稻的竞争临界期,并探讨水直播稻田杂草苗后一次化除技术方案。结果表明,水稻产量损失率随水稻播后有草天数的增加而增大,随无草天数的增加而降低;以3%作为水稻产量损失的最大忍受限度,则四川省水直播稻田杂草与水稻的竞争临界期为播后16~55 d。水稻播后15 d喷施3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油22.5 g a.i./hm^2+300 g/L丙草胺乳油450 g a.i./hm^2,播后20 d喷施20%二氯喹啉草酮可分散油悬浮剂600 g a.i./hm^2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂33.75 g a.i./hm^2+100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油150 g a.i./hm^2,或11%[口恶]唑酰草胺·五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂123.75 g a.i./hm^2对水直播稻田总杂草的鲜重防效均在98%以上,且对水稻安全。展开更多
[目的]为明确37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP对冬小麦田一年生杂草的防治效果和对小麦的安全性。[方法]小麦返青后、拔节前,采用茎叶喷雾施药,定期调查杂草防效和对小麦影响。[结果]37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP的田...[目的]为明确37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP对冬小麦田一年生杂草的防治效果和对小麦的安全性。[方法]小麦返青后、拔节前,采用茎叶喷雾施药,定期调查杂草防效和对小麦影响。[结果]37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP的田间推荐用量为77.7～99.9 g a.i./hm^2。施药28 d后对杂草株数总体防效达90.30%～99.02%,鲜质量总体防效达93.06%～99.42%。[结论]37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP能有效防除冬小麦田一年生杂草并对小麦具有较好的安全性。展开更多
文摘In Bangladesh, the use of machinery in agriculture production is fast rising. Researchers are developing technology to replace traditional hand weeding to manage weeds in rice fields. The present study has been taken to increase weeding efficiency and reduce the drudgery in weeding and mulching. A line-to-line distance of 20 cm, the operation is push-pull, and field operating condition at 2 - 4 cm standing water (for softening the field) was the designed hypothesis. The weeder consists of a skid/float, float holder, float adjuster, main body frame, rotor, axel, bush, rotor holder, rotor holder adjuster, handle, handle griper, handle holder, handle height adjuster, nut, bolt, etc. The designed weeder was fabricated using MS sheet, MS pipe, MS flat bar, MS nut-bolt, etc. When the rotors perform back and forth, the weeder’s two conical rotors with six plain blades and six serrated blades work together to uproot and bury the weeds. It also contains a 2 mm thick float assembly with a precise angle of 22 degrees. Weeds are uprooted by the weeder’s blades and buried in the muddy soil. It causes topsoil disturbance and enhances aeration. The weeding efficiency and capacity of the conical weeder were 81.92% and 0.0203 ha/h respectively. With a push-pull operation, the weeder can uproot and bury the weeds in a single row at a time. The pushing force and weight of weeder were 43.42 N and 5.6 kg respectively. Farmers can use this weeder to increase their comfort and reduce the drudgery associated with weeding and mulching in their fields.
文摘Crop damage during the intra-row weed eradiation is one of the biggest challenges in intercultural agricultural operations.Several available mechanical systems provide effective weeding but result in excess crop damage.On the other hand,chemical based systems have been raising serious environmental and food concerns.This study presents development of a cost-effectivemechatronic prototype for intra-rowweeding operation.The primary focus was on incurring minimal crop damage.The system integrates time of flight and inductive sensing into fuzzy logic algorithm for electronic control of a four-bar linkage mechanism(FBLM).The crank of FBLM was connected to the vertical rotary weed control shaft with weeding blades.The crop sensing triggers the electronic control to laterally shift the control shaft away from crop,proportional to the forward speed and soil conditions.The developed algorithm incorporates varied conditions of soil,forward speed,and plant spacing to calculate dynamic lateral shift speed(SRPM).The prototype was evaluated to determine the relationships between the operating conditions and electronic control parameters.Moreover,the plant damage was assessed under varied conditions of plant spacing,forward speeds,soil cone index,operational depth and electronic control parameters.The derived SRPM was established as the ultimate governing factor for avoiding crop damage that varied significantlywith electronic response time and soil strength(P<0.05).Plant damage increased significantly under higher forward speeds and lower plant spacing(P<0.05).Preliminary field evaluation of the developed prototype showed a significant potential of this system for effective control on weeds(>65%)and crop damage(<25%).
文摘[目的]为减少农业劳动力投入,提高农业经济效益,项目组选用9种除草剂进行玉米地杂草防除试验,为田间合理选用除草剂提供依据。[结果]以50%硝磺草酮.莠去津.乙草胺SC 1575 g a.i./hm2、33.5%甲基磺草酮.异丙草胺.莠去津SC 1005 g a.i./hm2、20%烟嘧磺隆.莠去津OF 300 g a.i./hm2对玉米地田间杂草群体防效较好,药后45 d株防效在81.00%以上、鲜质量防效在89.00%以上,40%乙草胺.莠去津.氰草津SC 1500 g a.i./hm2防效次之。[结论]以上4种药剂能有效防除玉米地田间杂草且对玉米生长安全。
文摘对冬小麦-水稻连作制度下的水直播稻田杂草发生动态进行监测,建立水稻播后有草/无草天数与水稻产量损失率之间的函数关系,推导出杂草与水稻的竞争临界期,并探讨水直播稻田杂草苗后一次化除技术方案。结果表明,水稻产量损失率随水稻播后有草天数的增加而增大,随无草天数的增加而降低;以3%作为水稻产量损失的最大忍受限度,则四川省水直播稻田杂草与水稻的竞争临界期为播后16~55 d。水稻播后15 d喷施3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油22.5 g a.i./hm^2+300 g/L丙草胺乳油450 g a.i./hm^2,播后20 d喷施20%二氯喹啉草酮可分散油悬浮剂600 g a.i./hm^2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂33.75 g a.i./hm^2+100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油150 g a.i./hm^2,或11%[口恶]唑酰草胺·五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂123.75 g a.i./hm^2对水直播稻田总杂草的鲜重防效均在98%以上,且对水稻安全。
文摘[目的]为明确37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP对冬小麦田一年生杂草的防治效果和对小麦的安全性。[方法]小麦返青后、拔节前,采用茎叶喷雾施药,定期调查杂草防效和对小麦影响。[结果]37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP的田间推荐用量为77.7～99.9 g a.i./hm^2。施药28 d后对杂草株数总体防效达90.30%～99.02%,鲜质量总体防效达93.06%～99.42%。[结论]37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯WP能有效防除冬小麦田一年生杂草并对小麦具有较好的安全性。
