In this current minireview, the cradle of the “5-steps rule” or “5-step rules”, along with its essence and advances, has been recalled. Born in 2011, its impacts on molecular biology are both substantial and rapid...In this current minireview, the cradle of the “5-steps rule” or “5-step rules”, along with its essence and advances, has been recalled. Born in 2011, its impacts on molecular biology are both substantial and rapid, fully indicating the “5-steps rule” is no double a remarkable and profound milestone in molecular biology.展开更多
The phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web has brought huge increase in the traffic to the popular web sites. Long delays and denial of service experienced by the end-users, especially during the peak hours, continue...The phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web has brought huge increase in the traffic to the popular web sites. Long delays and denial of service experienced by the end-users, especially during the peak hours, continues to be the common problem while accessing popular sites. Replicating some of the objects at multiple sites in a distributed web-server environment is one of the possible solutions to improve the response time/latency. The decision of what and where to replicate requires solving a constraint optimization problem, which is NP-complete in gen- eral. In this paper, we consider the problem of placing copies of objects in a dis- tributed web server system to minimize the cost of serving read and write requests when the web servers have limited storage capacity. We formulate the problem as a 0-1 optimization problem and present a polynomial time greedy algorithm with backtracking to dynamically replicate objects at the appropriate sites to minimize a cost function. To reduce the solution search space, we present necessary condi- tions for a site to have a replica of an object in order to minimize the cost function. We present simulation results for a variety of problems to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms and compare them with those of some well-known algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
The problem of state space explosion is still ran outstanding challenge in Markovian performance analysis for multiserver multiqueue (MSMQ) systems. The system behavior of a MSMQ system is described using stochastic h...The problem of state space explosion is still ran outstanding challenge in Markovian performance analysis for multiserver multiqueue (MSMQ) systems. The system behavior of a MSMQ system is described using stochastic high-level Petri net (SHLPN) models, and an approximate performance analysis technique is proposed based on decomposition and refinement methods as well as iteration technique. A real MSMQ system, Web-server cluster, is investigated. The performance of an integrated scheme of request dispatching and scheduling is analyzed with both Poisson and self-similar request arrivals. The study shows that the approximate analysis technique significantly reduces the complexity of the model solution and is also efficient for accuracy of numerical results.展开更多
With the explosive growth of the World Wide Wed,many popular Web sites are faced with the challenge of the overload of tremendous requests.The best way out is using distributed Web server systems for their good scalab...With the explosive growth of the World Wide Wed,many popular Web sites are faced with the challenge of the overload of tremendous requests.The best way out is using distributed Web server systems for their good scalability and low costs.In this paper,we try to give a comprehensive survey on the underlying techniques of the distributed Web server systems:request-dispatching mechanisms,load-balancing algorithms,Web content replication and distribution schemas and other important aspects.展开更多
随着传感器、无线通信、嵌入式系统等技术的发展,在宽带移动通信、IPV6和云计算技术的支撑下,物联网已经广泛应用于仓储物流、智能电网、公共安防、智能楼宇等领域,受到了各国的重视,被视为计算机互联网与移动通信网络之后的第三次信息...随着传感器、无线通信、嵌入式系统等技术的发展,在宽带移动通信、IPV6和云计算技术的支撑下,物联网已经广泛应用于仓储物流、智能电网、公共安防、智能楼宇等领域,受到了各国的重视,被视为计算机互联网与移动通信网络之后的第三次信息化浪潮.作为连接感知网络与传统通信网络/互联网的桥梁,物联网网关在物联网应用中起到极为重要的作用,在网络架构上有利于现有的通信网络/互联网与感知网络的无缝融合.结合嵌入式Web Server BOA和AES加密技术,本文提出了一种基于嵌入式Web服务器的物联网网关设计方案,并实现了不同网络之间的数据安全传送、协议转换,同时该网关具备内部网关和业务网关的功能,最后给出了该设计的实现技术和系统验证.展开更多
文摘In this current minireview, the cradle of the “5-steps rule” or “5-step rules”, along with its essence and advances, has been recalled. Born in 2011, its impacts on molecular biology are both substantial and rapid, fully indicating the “5-steps rule” is no double a remarkable and profound milestone in molecular biology.
文摘The phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web has brought huge increase in the traffic to the popular web sites. Long delays and denial of service experienced by the end-users, especially during the peak hours, continues to be the common problem while accessing popular sites. Replicating some of the objects at multiple sites in a distributed web-server environment is one of the possible solutions to improve the response time/latency. The decision of what and where to replicate requires solving a constraint optimization problem, which is NP-complete in gen- eral. In this paper, we consider the problem of placing copies of objects in a dis- tributed web server system to minimize the cost of serving read and write requests when the web servers have limited storage capacity. We formulate the problem as a 0-1 optimization problem and present a polynomial time greedy algorithm with backtracking to dynamically replicate objects at the appropriate sites to minimize a cost function. To reduce the solution search space, we present necessary condi- tions for a site to have a replica of an object in order to minimize the cost function. We present simulation results for a variety of problems to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms and compare them with those of some well-known algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms.
文摘The problem of state space explosion is still ran outstanding challenge in Markovian performance analysis for multiserver multiqueue (MSMQ) systems. The system behavior of a MSMQ system is described using stochastic high-level Petri net (SHLPN) models, and an approximate performance analysis technique is proposed based on decomposition and refinement methods as well as iteration technique. A real MSMQ system, Web-server cluster, is investigated. The performance of an integrated scheme of request dispatching and scheduling is analyzed with both Poisson and self-similar request arrivals. The study shows that the approximate analysis technique significantly reduces the complexity of the model solution and is also efficient for accuracy of numerical results.
文摘With the explosive growth of the World Wide Wed,many popular Web sites are faced with the challenge of the overload of tremendous requests.The best way out is using distributed Web server systems for their good scalability and low costs.In this paper,we try to give a comprehensive survey on the underlying techniques of the distributed Web server systems:request-dispatching mechanisms,load-balancing algorithms,Web content replication and distribution schemas and other important aspects.
文摘随着传感器、无线通信、嵌入式系统等技术的发展,在宽带移动通信、IPV6和云计算技术的支撑下,物联网已经广泛应用于仓储物流、智能电网、公共安防、智能楼宇等领域,受到了各国的重视,被视为计算机互联网与移动通信网络之后的第三次信息化浪潮.作为连接感知网络与传统通信网络/互联网的桥梁,物联网网关在物联网应用中起到极为重要的作用,在网络架构上有利于现有的通信网络/互联网与感知网络的无缝融合.结合嵌入式Web Server BOA和AES加密技术,本文提出了一种基于嵌入式Web服务器的物联网网关设计方案,并实现了不同网络之间的数据安全传送、协议转换,同时该网关具备内部网关和业务网关的功能,最后给出了该设计的实现技术和系统验证.
