Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary partic...Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.展开更多
Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define...Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.展开更多
This paper attempts to delve into the mystery of space travel. Consequently, it will be necessary to re-examine concepts which scientists hold dear. In addition, it is the author’s contention that the so-called weak ...This paper attempts to delve into the mystery of space travel. Consequently, it will be necessary to re-examine concepts which scientists hold dear. In addition, it is the author’s contention that the so-called weak force is the seat of a powerful new energy source which can be used to propel spacecraft to be unheard of velocities utilizing a variable scalar gravitational “constant”. One of the major obstacles faced is that normally the so-called “arc length” ds will be equal to zero at the speed of light (because of its dependence upon relative velocity), and since ds is used in the denominator of equations of motion, such equations will become meaningless. This paper will continue to use the arc length ds, along with its implied proper time;however, this paper will use a different method of approach to this problem which will involve divorcing ds from its dependence upon relative velocity as a result of the aforementioned generalization. The approach will be to use a complex mass-velocity vector (not momentum vector) over the usual four dimensional space-time manifold domain. The mass-velocity vector is introduced, because it is assumed that a gradient in φ or φ/μ (to be controlled from within the spacecraft) will cause not only a change in the velocity of the spacecraft, but also a change in the apparent inertial/gravitational mass mo of the spacecraft in a coordinated way. This is the guiding principle of this paper!展开更多
We derive a unified field theory based on a rotating de Broglie wave packet that combines electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, gravity and the strong force. We assume the already proven electro-weak force. This Planck...We derive a unified field theory based on a rotating de Broglie wave packet that combines electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, gravity and the strong force. We assume the already proven electro-weak force. This Planck units theory requires that t≈r?and m=r.展开更多
文摘Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21171119,11574408,81573822,21376008)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2172017)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China University of Geosciences(2-9-2021-008)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202210028015)。
文摘Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.
文摘This paper attempts to delve into the mystery of space travel. Consequently, it will be necessary to re-examine concepts which scientists hold dear. In addition, it is the author’s contention that the so-called weak force is the seat of a powerful new energy source which can be used to propel spacecraft to be unheard of velocities utilizing a variable scalar gravitational “constant”. One of the major obstacles faced is that normally the so-called “arc length” ds will be equal to zero at the speed of light (because of its dependence upon relative velocity), and since ds is used in the denominator of equations of motion, such equations will become meaningless. This paper will continue to use the arc length ds, along with its implied proper time;however, this paper will use a different method of approach to this problem which will involve divorcing ds from its dependence upon relative velocity as a result of the aforementioned generalization. The approach will be to use a complex mass-velocity vector (not momentum vector) over the usual four dimensional space-time manifold domain. The mass-velocity vector is introduced, because it is assumed that a gradient in φ or φ/μ (to be controlled from within the spacecraft) will cause not only a change in the velocity of the spacecraft, but also a change in the apparent inertial/gravitational mass mo of the spacecraft in a coordinated way. This is the guiding principle of this paper!
文摘We derive a unified field theory based on a rotating de Broglie wave packet that combines electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, gravity and the strong force. We assume the already proven electro-weak force. This Planck units theory requires that t≈r?and m=r.
