This article surveys the literature on social engineering. There are lots of security application and hardware in market;still there are several methods that can be used to breach the information security defenses of ...This article surveys the literature on social engineering. There are lots of security application and hardware in market;still there are several methods that can be used to breach the information security defenses of an organization or individual. Social engineering attacks are interested in gaining information that may be used to carry out actions such as identity theft, stealing password or gaining information for another type of attack. The threat lies with the combinations of social engineering with another type of attacks like Phishing and Watering hole attack which make it hard to defense against. This research aims to investigate the impact of modern Social Engineering on the organization or individual. It describes the categories of Social Engineering, and how the attacker takes advantage of human behavior. At the same time, I also discuss the direct and indirect attack of social engineering and the defense mechanism against this attack.展开更多
The accumulation of multiple surface holes is considered to be the key to efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)water oxidation.Previous PEC water oxidation studies commonly apply high potentials(>1.2 VRHE)to achieve ...The accumulation of multiple surface holes is considered to be the key to efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)water oxidation.Previous PEC water oxidation studies commonly apply high potentials(>1.2 VRHE)to achieve this key.But how to complete multi-hole transfer under low bias(<1.2 VRHE)remains unknown.Herein,we find that,on a typical visible-light photoanode,hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3)),UV excitation plays a indispensable role in driving multi-hole water oxidation under low bias.Compared with the visible-light excitation,the UV excitation promotes the formation of adjacent surface-trapped holes onα-Fe_(2)O_(3) at 0.9VRHE,thereby increasing the reaction order of surface holes from~1 to~2 and improving the PEC water oxidation activity by one order of magnitude.The UV irradiation reduces the formation probability of self-trapped excitons and results in~3 to 5-fold increase of surface holes.These advantages enable the UV excitation to contribute about 40%to the total photocurrent under 1 solar illumination,even though its energy only occupies 6%of the incident light.This mechanism is also applicable to boost selective two-hole oxidation of thioether at 0.1 VFc/Fc+and nitrite at 0.9 VRHE.展开更多
文摘This article surveys the literature on social engineering. There are lots of security application and hardware in market;still there are several methods that can be used to breach the information security defenses of an organization or individual. Social engineering attacks are interested in gaining information that may be used to carry out actions such as identity theft, stealing password or gaining information for another type of attack. The threat lies with the combinations of social engineering with another type of attacks like Phishing and Watering hole attack which make it hard to defense against. This research aims to investigate the impact of modern Social Engineering on the organization or individual. It describes the categories of Social Engineering, and how the attacker takes advantage of human behavior. At the same time, I also discuss the direct and indirect attack of social engineering and the defense mechanism against this attack.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072158)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1505000,2020YFC1808401)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36000000)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-004).
文摘The accumulation of multiple surface holes is considered to be the key to efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)water oxidation.Previous PEC water oxidation studies commonly apply high potentials(>1.2 VRHE)to achieve this key.But how to complete multi-hole transfer under low bias(<1.2 VRHE)remains unknown.Herein,we find that,on a typical visible-light photoanode,hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3)),UV excitation plays a indispensable role in driving multi-hole water oxidation under low bias.Compared with the visible-light excitation,the UV excitation promotes the formation of adjacent surface-trapped holes onα-Fe_(2)O_(3) at 0.9VRHE,thereby increasing the reaction order of surface holes from~1 to~2 and improving the PEC water oxidation activity by one order of magnitude.The UV irradiation reduces the formation probability of self-trapped excitons and results in~3 to 5-fold increase of surface holes.These advantages enable the UV excitation to contribute about 40%to the total photocurrent under 1 solar illumination,even though its energy only occupies 6%of the incident light.This mechanism is also applicable to boost selective two-hole oxidation of thioether at 0.1 VFc/Fc+and nitrite at 0.9 VRHE.
