Thus far, measurements and estimations of actual evapotranspiration（ET） in extremely arid areas are still insufficient. Based on successive observations from June–September 2014, we simulated ET of a Populus euphra...Thus far, measurements and estimations of actual evapotranspiration（ET） in extremely arid areas are still insufficient. Based on successive observations from June–September 2014, we simulated ET of a Populus euphratica Oliv. forest during the growing season in an extremely arid region of northwest China using the Shuttleworth–Wallace（S–W） model. Simulated ET values were compared to those of the eddy-covariance（EC） method on a 1 h interval. With a root mean square error（RMSE）,relative error（RE） and mean absolute error（MAE） of0.192, 3.100 and 0.165 mm h-1, respectively, model performance was not satisfactory. In particular, on days with strong winds（Sep. 11–13）, deviations between simulated and observed ET values increased to 0.275, 0.878 and0.251 mm h-1, RMSE, RE and MAE respectively. These values were significantly greater than those in other study periods and were most likely owing to sharp increases in wind speed. As a result, there were substantial advective effects, which is not consistent with the assumption of the S–W model that there are no advective effects or mesoscale circulation patterns induced by surface discontinuities.展开更多
Since the beginning of humanity,people have been seeking practical solutions to meet their most basic need:food.The advent of agriculture greatly increased the food supply and led to a rapid increase in the human popu...Since the beginning of humanity,people have been seeking practical solutions to meet their most basic need:food.The advent of agriculture greatly increased the food supply and led to a rapid increase in the human population.Enhanced food production via agriculture can be attributed to both improved crop management practices and crop breeding through genetics.Plant(crop)breeding has been categorized into four major stages based on the techniques employed(Wallace et al.,2018).展开更多
Ectatosticta spiders from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied.Multilocus molecular and morphological data identified 16 putative species,including seven new species:Ectatosticta wenshu Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatost...Ectatosticta spiders from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied.Multilocus molecular and morphological data identified 16 putative species,including seven new species:Ectatosticta wenshu Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta baima Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta helii Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta shaseng Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta puxian Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta qingshi Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,and Ectatosticta baixiang Lin&S.Li sp.nov.This increase in the number of Ectatosticta species from a single species in 2008 to 16 in the current study highlights the Linnean shortfall in China.The previously known distribution of Ectatosticta spiders was from one locality in Shaanxi and is now expanded to the east and south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
This article centers around a proposal for an English teacher education program for Chinese secondary English teachers.For comprehending the proposal,three main elements have been covered.The first section focuses on ...This article centers around a proposal for an English teacher education program for Chinese secondary English teachers.For comprehending the proposal,three main elements have been covered.The first section focuses on the teaching context and teaching content along with the underpinning reasons.In the second part,methodology of the program as well as its rationale has been examined.The last section,the strengths and weaknesses of the program are evaluated based on the synthesis of Wallace’s(1991)framework and Peacock’s(2009)model of evaluation.展开更多
Improvement of digital FIR filter is vital in the field of Digital Signal Processing in order to reduce the area, delay and power. Multiplication and Accumulation (MAC) unit of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filte...Improvement of digital FIR filter is vital in the field of Digital Signal Processing in order to reduce the area, delay and power. Multiplication and Accumulation (MAC) unit of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter has been designed using efficient multiplier and adder circuits for optimized APT (Area,Power and Timing) product. In this paper, the design of direct form FIR filter with efficient MAC unit has been presented. Initially, full adder and half adder structures are shrunk down by reducing number of gates. These compact full adder and half adder structures are incorporated into Wallace Multiplier and Improved Carry-Save Adder. The proposed 16-bit Carry-Save Adder has been improved by splitting into four parallel phases. Consequently the delay of enhanced Carry- Save Adder is reduced. Generation of carry output is performed using number of OR gates in a sequential manner. All these enhanced architectures are incorporated into the Digital FIR Filter to reduce the area, delay and power utilization.展开更多
It is no doubt that the researches on the N-compactness in[1] and [2] are a nice and important achievement in L-fuzzy topology. There is a natural and interesting question about the N-compactness——the sheaf structur...It is no doubt that the researches on the N-compactness in[1] and [2] are a nice and important achievement in L-fuzzy topology. There is a natural and interesting question about the N-compactness——the sheaf structures of N-compact sets. It is proved that, for weakly induced Hausdorff space, the N-compactness of L-fuzzy set A in the upper展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese National Nature Science Fund(no.41271037)the Youth Foundation of National Natural Science of China(no.41401033)
文摘Thus far, measurements and estimations of actual evapotranspiration（ET） in extremely arid areas are still insufficient. Based on successive observations from June–September 2014, we simulated ET of a Populus euphratica Oliv. forest during the growing season in an extremely arid region of northwest China using the Shuttleworth–Wallace（S–W） model. Simulated ET values were compared to those of the eddy-covariance（EC） method on a 1 h interval. With a root mean square error（RMSE）,relative error（RE） and mean absolute error（MAE） of0.192, 3.100 and 0.165 mm h-1, respectively, model performance was not satisfactory. In particular, on days with strong winds（Sep. 11–13）, deviations between simulated and observed ET values increased to 0.275, 0.878 and0.251 mm h-1, RMSE, RE and MAE respectively. These values were significantly greater than those in other study periods and were most likely owing to sharp increases in wind speed. As a result, there were substantial advective effects, which is not consistent with the assumption of the S–W model that there are no advective effects or mesoscale circulation patterns induced by surface discontinuities.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000100)(to L.L.,W.L.,and Z.F.)the International(regional)Cooperation and Exchange Project(32261143463)of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(to L.L.)+1 种基金the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ8102)(to L.L.)the HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(SZYJY2021006)(to L.L.).
文摘Since the beginning of humanity,people have been seeking practical solutions to meet their most basic need:food.The advent of agriculture greatly increased the food supply and led to a rapid increase in the human population.Enhanced food production via agriculture can be attributed to both improved crop management practices and crop breeding through genetics.Plant(crop)breeding has been categorized into four major stages based on the techniques employed(Wallace et al.,2018).
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100363,31970396)。
文摘Ectatosticta spiders from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied.Multilocus molecular and morphological data identified 16 putative species,including seven new species:Ectatosticta wenshu Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta baima Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta helii Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta shaseng Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta puxian Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,Ectatosticta qingshi Lin&S.Li sp.nov.,and Ectatosticta baixiang Lin&S.Li sp.nov.This increase in the number of Ectatosticta species from a single species in 2008 to 16 in the current study highlights the Linnean shortfall in China.The previously known distribution of Ectatosticta spiders was from one locality in Shaanxi and is now expanded to the east and south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
文摘This article centers around a proposal for an English teacher education program for Chinese secondary English teachers.For comprehending the proposal,three main elements have been covered.The first section focuses on the teaching context and teaching content along with the underpinning reasons.In the second part,methodology of the program as well as its rationale has been examined.The last section,the strengths and weaknesses of the program are evaluated based on the synthesis of Wallace’s(1991)framework and Peacock’s(2009)model of evaluation.
文摘Improvement of digital FIR filter is vital in the field of Digital Signal Processing in order to reduce the area, delay and power. Multiplication and Accumulation (MAC) unit of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter has been designed using efficient multiplier and adder circuits for optimized APT (Area,Power and Timing) product. In this paper, the design of direct form FIR filter with efficient MAC unit has been presented. Initially, full adder and half adder structures are shrunk down by reducing number of gates. These compact full adder and half adder structures are incorporated into Wallace Multiplier and Improved Carry-Save Adder. The proposed 16-bit Carry-Save Adder has been improved by splitting into four parallel phases. Consequently the delay of enhanced Carry- Save Adder is reduced. Generation of carry output is performed using number of OR gates in a sequential manner. All these enhanced architectures are incorporated into the Digital FIR Filter to reduce the area, delay and power utilization.
基金Project supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘It is no doubt that the researches on the N-compactness in[1] and [2] are a nice and important achievement in L-fuzzy topology. There is a natural and interesting question about the N-compactness——the sheaf structures of N-compact sets. It is proved that, for weakly induced Hausdorff space, the N-compactness of L-fuzzy set A in the upper
