Based on orthogonal experiments,the effects of voltage,frequency,duty ratio and their interactions on the thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on aluminum in an ...Based on orthogonal experiments,the effects of voltage,frequency,duty ratio and their interactions on the thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on aluminum in an alkaline silicate-containing electrolyte were investigated.The thicknesses of these coatings were obtained by measuring their cross-section using Image J software.Their corrosion resistances were evaluated in HCl and NaCl media through spot test and electrochemical test.The results show that the experimental design of this study is the key to investigate the interactions among these electrical parameters.Additionally,not only each independent factor,but also their interactions exhibit a remarkable influence on the coatings.The combination of high voltage,low frequency and large duty ratio significantly increases the coating thickness and content of the corrosion resistance phase,and thus improves the corrosion resistance of the coating in HNO3 medium.Conversely,the coating possessing the densest microstructure and best corrosion resistance in NaCl medium is obtained when low voltage and high frequency match with a small duty ratio.展开更多
Voltage source converter based high voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)can participate in voltage regulation by flexible control to help maintain the voltage stability of the power grid.In order to quantitatively evaluat...Voltage source converter based high voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)can participate in voltage regulation by flexible control to help maintain the voltage stability of the power grid.In order to quantitatively evaluate its influence on the voltage interaction between VSC-HVDC and line commutated converter based high voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC),this paper proposes a hybrid multi-infeed interaction factor(HMIIF)calculation method considering the voltage regulation control characteristics of VSC-HVDC.Firstly,for a hybrid multi-infeed high voltage direct current system,an additional equivalent operating admittance matrix is constructed to characterize HVDC equipment characteristics under small disturbance.Secondly,based on the characteristic curve between the reactive power and the voltage of a certain VSC-HVDC project,the additional equivalent operating admittance of VSC-HVDC is derived.The additional equivalent operating admittance matrix calculation method is proposed.Thirdly,the equivalent bus impedance matrix is obtained by modifying the alternating current(AC)system admittance matrix with the additional equivalent operating admittance matrix.On this basis,the HMIIF calculation method based on the equivalent bus impedance ratio is proposed.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in a hybrid dual-infeed high voltage direct current system constructed in Power Systems Computer Aided Design(PSCAD),and the influence of voltage regulation control on HMIIF is analyzed.展开更多
Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based polymer electrolytes show the prospect in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries;however,they present limitations of low room-temperature ionic conductivity,and interfacial incompatibi...Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based polymer electrolytes show the prospect in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries;however,they present limitations of low room-temperature ionic conductivity,and interfacial incompatibility with high voltage cathodes.Therefore,a salt engineering of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide lithium salt(LiHFDF)/LiTFSI system was developed in PEO-based electrolyte,demonstrating to effectively regulate Li ion transport and improve the interfacial stability under high voltage.We show,by manipulating the interaction between PEO matrix and TFSI^(-)-HFDF^(-),the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte achieves maximum Li+conduction of 1.24×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 40℃,which is almost 3 times of the baseline.Also,the optimized polymer electrolyte demonstrates outstanding stable cycling in the LiFePO_(4)/Li and LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)/Li(3.0-4.4 V,200 cycles)based all-solid-state lithium batteries at 40℃.展开更多
Low-voltage electrical apparatuses(LVEAs)have many workpieces and intricate geometric structures,and the assembly process is rigid and labor-intensive,and has little balance.The assembly process cannot readily adapt t...Low-voltage electrical apparatuses(LVEAs)have many workpieces and intricate geometric structures,and the assembly process is rigid and labor-intensive,and has little balance.The assembly process cannot readily adapt to changes in assembly situations.To address these issues,a collaborative assembly is proposed.Based on the requirements of collaborative assembly,a colored Petri net(CPN)model is proposed to analyze the performance of the interaction and self-government of robots in collaborative assembly.Also,an artificial potential field based planning algorithm(AFPA)is presented to realize the assembly planning and dynamic interaction of robots in the collaborative assembly of LVEAs.Then an adaptive quantum genetic algorithm(AQGA)is developed to optimize the assembly process.Lastly,taking a two-pole circuit-breaker controller with leakage protection(TPCLP)as an assembly instance,comparative results show that the collaborative assembly is cost-effective and flexible in LVEA assembly.The distribution of resources can also be optimized in the assembly.The assembly robots can interact dynamically with each other to accommodate changes that may occur in the LVEA assembly.展开更多
换相失败可能引起直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)闭锁,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行。多馈入直流输电系统中电气耦合紧密,控制响应造成多回LCC-HVDC交互影响,使换相失败的产生机...换相失败可能引起直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)闭锁,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行。多馈入直流输电系统中电气耦合紧密,控制响应造成多回LCC-HVDC交互影响,使换相失败的产生机理变得更加复杂。现有后续换相失败抑制方法多以单回LCC-HVDC为对象,无法兼顾自身换相恢复和相邻直流换相失败抑制的需求。为此,提出了一种适应于多馈入直流输电系统的后续换相失败抑制方法。分析了LCC-HVDC首次换相失败恢复过程中逆变站控制系统的响应时序及条件,提出了考虑故障严重程度和LCC-HVDC控制影响的后续换相失败安全裕度评估方法,进而提出了基于电压安全裕度的后续换相失败抑制方法,并在CIGRE HVDC标准测试系统验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提方法根据换流母线电压自适应地调节直流电流,能够有效降低多馈入直流输电系统中无功电压耦合影响,有效抑制相邻回LCC-HVDC发生后续换相失败。展开更多
In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction facto...In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) can effectively reflect the interaction among DC systems. The paper theoretically analyzes the impact factors of MIIF like the electrical distances between two DC converter stations and the equivalent impedance of the receiving end AC system. By applying the Kirchhoff’s current law on the inverter AC bus, the paper deduces the analytical expressions for MIIF. From the expression, it is clear how the equivalent impedance of AC system and coupling impedance can affect MIIF. PSCAD simulations validate the effectiveness and the correctness of the proposed expression and some useful conclusions are drawn.展开更多
Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and en...Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and energy density.However,their working voltage and lifespan are limited by the decomposition of water and the growth of Zn dendrites.Herein,detrimental side reactions induced by the water reduction and the Zn dendrite growth are successfully suppressed by a poly(propylene glycol)(PPG)-based hybrid ion electrolyte[(1 m Zn(TFSI)2+10 m LiTFSI)in PPG/H2O].The addition of PPG in the electrolyte can not only enhance the bonding strength of hydrogen-bond in water but also tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+as revealed by synchrotron X-rays.The participated solvation of PPG with Zn^(2+)can weaken Zn-H_(2)O interactions and redistribute Zn^(2+)flux on the surface of the Zn anode,thus inducing favorably even deposition of Zn.In addition,the decomposition of TFSI-contributes a ZnF_(2)-enriched solid electrolyte interface at the Zn anode to further prevent water decomposition and restrain Zn dendrites.The PPG-based electrolyte enables 2.1 V LiMnO_(2)//Zn batteries to deliver high specific capacities(121.7 mAh g^(-1)for a coin cell and 90 mAh g^(-1)for a pouch cell),and maintain 80%of the capacity over 700 cycles at 0.5 C,suggesting a promising pathway for highly reversible aqueous hybrid ion batteries.展开更多
该文推导了电压源换流器型高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)在频域下的多输入–多输出传递函数矩阵模型,通过分析逆变及整流工作模式下VSC不同控制回路被控对象传递函数的右半平...该文推导了电压源换流器型高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)在频域下的多输入–多输出传递函数矩阵模型,通过分析逆变及整流工作模式下VSC不同控制回路被控对象传递函数的右半平面(righthalfplane,RHP)零点分布规律,分析研究RHP零点对VSC不同控制回路自身稳定性的影响;在此基础之上,基于单通道分析设计方法,定量评估逆变及整流工作模式下VSC不同控制回路之间交互作用的强度,对比分析不同控制回路间交互作用对VSC-HVDC系统稳定性的影响;仿真结果验证了理论分析结论的正确性。展开更多
基金Project(1111RJDA011)supported by the Creative Research Group Fund of Gansu Province,ChinaProject(SKLAB02015006)supported by the State Key Laboratory Open Fund of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,China。
文摘Based on orthogonal experiments,the effects of voltage,frequency,duty ratio and their interactions on the thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on aluminum in an alkaline silicate-containing electrolyte were investigated.The thicknesses of these coatings were obtained by measuring their cross-section using Image J software.Their corrosion resistances were evaluated in HCl and NaCl media through spot test and electrochemical test.The results show that the experimental design of this study is the key to investigate the interactions among these electrical parameters.Additionally,not only each independent factor,but also their interactions exhibit a remarkable influence on the coatings.The combination of high voltage,low frequency and large duty ratio significantly increases the coating thickness and content of the corrosion resistance phase,and thus improves the corrosion resistance of the coating in HNO3 medium.Conversely,the coating possessing the densest microstructure and best corrosion resistance in NaCl medium is obtained when low voltage and high frequency match with a small duty ratio.
基金supported by the Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation Headquarters Management(Contract No.5100-202158467A-0-0-00).
文摘Voltage source converter based high voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)can participate in voltage regulation by flexible control to help maintain the voltage stability of the power grid.In order to quantitatively evaluate its influence on the voltage interaction between VSC-HVDC and line commutated converter based high voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC),this paper proposes a hybrid multi-infeed interaction factor(HMIIF)calculation method considering the voltage regulation control characteristics of VSC-HVDC.Firstly,for a hybrid multi-infeed high voltage direct current system,an additional equivalent operating admittance matrix is constructed to characterize HVDC equipment characteristics under small disturbance.Secondly,based on the characteristic curve between the reactive power and the voltage of a certain VSC-HVDC project,the additional equivalent operating admittance of VSC-HVDC is derived.The additional equivalent operating admittance matrix calculation method is proposed.Thirdly,the equivalent bus impedance matrix is obtained by modifying the alternating current(AC)system admittance matrix with the additional equivalent operating admittance matrix.On this basis,the HMIIF calculation method based on the equivalent bus impedance ratio is proposed.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in a hybrid dual-infeed high voltage direct current system constructed in Power Systems Computer Aided Design(PSCAD),and the influence of voltage regulation control on HMIIF is analyzed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1930113),ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China(52072036)
文摘Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based polymer electrolytes show the prospect in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries;however,they present limitations of low room-temperature ionic conductivity,and interfacial incompatibility with high voltage cathodes.Therefore,a salt engineering of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide lithium salt(LiHFDF)/LiTFSI system was developed in PEO-based electrolyte,demonstrating to effectively regulate Li ion transport and improve the interfacial stability under high voltage.We show,by manipulating the interaction between PEO matrix and TFSI^(-)-HFDF^(-),the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte achieves maximum Li+conduction of 1.24×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 40℃,which is almost 3 times of the baseline.Also,the optimized polymer electrolyte demonstrates outstanding stable cycling in the LiFePO_(4)/Li and LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)/Li(3.0-4.4 V,200 cycles)based all-solid-state lithium batteries at 40℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175124)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ21E050003)the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Universities,China(No.RF-C2020004)。
文摘Low-voltage electrical apparatuses(LVEAs)have many workpieces and intricate geometric structures,and the assembly process is rigid and labor-intensive,and has little balance.The assembly process cannot readily adapt to changes in assembly situations.To address these issues,a collaborative assembly is proposed.Based on the requirements of collaborative assembly,a colored Petri net(CPN)model is proposed to analyze the performance of the interaction and self-government of robots in collaborative assembly.Also,an artificial potential field based planning algorithm(AFPA)is presented to realize the assembly planning and dynamic interaction of robots in the collaborative assembly of LVEAs.Then an adaptive quantum genetic algorithm(AQGA)is developed to optimize the assembly process.Lastly,taking a two-pole circuit-breaker controller with leakage protection(TPCLP)as an assembly instance,comparative results show that the collaborative assembly is cost-effective and flexible in LVEA assembly.The distribution of resources can also be optimized in the assembly.The assembly robots can interact dynamically with each other to accommodate changes that may occur in the LVEA assembly.
文摘换相失败可能引起直流输电系统(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)闭锁,严重影响电网的安全稳定运行。多馈入直流输电系统中电气耦合紧密,控制响应造成多回LCC-HVDC交互影响,使换相失败的产生机理变得更加复杂。现有后续换相失败抑制方法多以单回LCC-HVDC为对象,无法兼顾自身换相恢复和相邻直流换相失败抑制的需求。为此,提出了一种适应于多馈入直流输电系统的后续换相失败抑制方法。分析了LCC-HVDC首次换相失败恢复过程中逆变站控制系统的响应时序及条件,提出了考虑故障严重程度和LCC-HVDC控制影响的后续换相失败安全裕度评估方法,进而提出了基于电压安全裕度的后续换相失败抑制方法,并在CIGRE HVDC标准测试系统验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提方法根据换流母线电压自适应地调节直流电流,能够有效降低多馈入直流输电系统中无功电压耦合影响,有效抑制相邻回LCC-HVDC发生后续换相失败。
文摘In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) can effectively reflect the interaction among DC systems. The paper theoretically analyzes the impact factors of MIIF like the electrical distances between two DC converter stations and the equivalent impedance of the receiving end AC system. By applying the Kirchhoff’s current law on the inverter AC bus, the paper deduces the analytical expressions for MIIF. From the expression, it is clear how the equivalent impedance of AC system and coupling impedance can affect MIIF. PSCAD simulations validate the effectiveness and the correctness of the proposed expression and some useful conclusions are drawn.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22179044).
文摘Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and energy density.However,their working voltage and lifespan are limited by the decomposition of water and the growth of Zn dendrites.Herein,detrimental side reactions induced by the water reduction and the Zn dendrite growth are successfully suppressed by a poly(propylene glycol)(PPG)-based hybrid ion electrolyte[(1 m Zn(TFSI)2+10 m LiTFSI)in PPG/H2O].The addition of PPG in the electrolyte can not only enhance the bonding strength of hydrogen-bond in water but also tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+as revealed by synchrotron X-rays.The participated solvation of PPG with Zn^(2+)can weaken Zn-H_(2)O interactions and redistribute Zn^(2+)flux on the surface of the Zn anode,thus inducing favorably even deposition of Zn.In addition,the decomposition of TFSI-contributes a ZnF_(2)-enriched solid electrolyte interface at the Zn anode to further prevent water decomposition and restrain Zn dendrites.The PPG-based electrolyte enables 2.1 V LiMnO_(2)//Zn batteries to deliver high specific capacities(121.7 mAh g^(-1)for a coin cell and 90 mAh g^(-1)for a pouch cell),and maintain 80%of the capacity over 700 cycles at 0.5 C,suggesting a promising pathway for highly reversible aqueous hybrid ion batteries.
文摘该文推导了电压源换流器型高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)在频域下的多输入–多输出传递函数矩阵模型,通过分析逆变及整流工作模式下VSC不同控制回路被控对象传递函数的右半平面(righthalfplane,RHP)零点分布规律,分析研究RHP零点对VSC不同控制回路自身稳定性的影响;在此基础之上,基于单通道分析设计方法,定量评估逆变及整流工作模式下VSC不同控制回路之间交互作用的强度,对比分析不同控制回路间交互作用对VSC-HVDC系统稳定性的影响;仿真结果验证了理论分析结论的正确性。
