Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2(NOD2) is a major cytoplasmic sensor for pathogens and is critical for the clearance of cytosolic bacteria in mammals.However, studies regarding NOD2, especially the initiated signal...Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2(NOD2) is a major cytoplasmic sensor for pathogens and is critical for the clearance of cytosolic bacteria in mammals.However, studies regarding NOD2, especially the initiated signaling pathways, are scarce in teleost species. In this study, we identified a NOD2 molecule(PaNOD2) from ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis).Bioinformatics analysis showed the structure of NOD2 to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution. Dual-luciferase reporter assays examined the activation of NF-κB signaling and Western blotting analysis detected the phosphorylation of three MAP kinases(p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2).Functional study revealed that, like its mammalian counterparts, PaNOD2 was the receptor of the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide(MDP), and the leucine-rich repeat motif was responsible for the recognition and binding of Pa NOD2 with the ligand. Overexpression of PaNOD2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β in HEK293 T cells and ayu head kidney-derived monocytes/macrophages(MO/MΦ).Particularly, we found that PaNOD2 activated the MAPK signaling pathways, as indicated by the increased phosphorylation of p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2, which have not been characterized in any teleost species previously. Our findings proved that the NOD2 molecule and initiated pathways are conserved between mammals and ayu. Therefore, ayu could be used as an animal model to investigate NOD2-based diseases and therapeutic applications.展开更多
The p21-activated kinase 1(PAK1)is a downstream serine/threonine kinase effector of Rac1/Cdc42 that regulates various biological processes including those associating with pathological inflammation.To investigate the ...The p21-activated kinase 1(PAK1)is a downstream serine/threonine kinase effector of Rac1/Cdc42 that regulates various biological processes including those associating with pathological inflammation.To investigate the function of PAK1 in echinoderms,we isolated a new PAK1 from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(AjPAK1)by transcriptome database mining and with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE).The full-length cDNA AjPAK1 was 2303 bp in length,containing a 1587 bp ORF encoding 528 amino acid residues.The deduced AjPAK1 contained a p21-Rho-binding domain(PBD)and a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain(S_TKc),which was similar to the PAK1 of crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci and other eukaryotes.AjPAK1 expressed in all tissues of adult A.japonicus analyzed with the highest transcript anumdance detected in coelomocytes.Significant change in AjPAK1 abundance was observed at 4,24,48 and 72 h after Vibrio splendidus infection.Silencing AjPAK1 induced a significant reduction of lysozyme content in coelomic fluid and relative transcript abundances of AjRac1 and AjMKK3/6 in A.japonicus coelomocytes.These results should aid to characterize PAK1 of sea cucumber and decipher its immune function.展开更多
目的:为了利用噬菌体内溶素防控副溶血弧菌,通过克隆表达工程菌pET30a-CHAP制备目的蛋白,并将以包涵体存在的目的蛋白复性得到有活性的噬菌体内溶素蛋白。方法:首先克隆工程菌pET30a-CHAP,经IPTG的诱导表达后,检测菌液上清中内溶素含量...目的:为了利用噬菌体内溶素防控副溶血弧菌,通过克隆表达工程菌pET30a-CHAP制备目的蛋白,并将以包涵体存在的目的蛋白复性得到有活性的噬菌体内溶素蛋白。方法:首先克隆工程菌pET30a-CHAP,经IPTG的诱导表达后,检测菌液上清中内溶素含量判断表达形式,再进行诱导条件初步优化。通过将表达的pET30a-CHAP包涵体蛋白先用洗涤剂洗涤去除杂蛋白,然后用尿素变性剂溶解,并用Ni^(2+)Sepharose^(TM)6 Fast Flow亲和层析柱进行层析纯化,用EDTA、氧化型谷胱甘肽、还原型谷胱甘肽等为折叠复性促进剂,经过透析制备可溶性的pET30a-CHAP蛋白,再检测目的蛋白的抑菌活性。结果:本实验确定了重组菌内溶素的表达形式为没有活性的包涵体;初步确定最佳诱导条件为诱导温度为16℃,IPTG终浓度0.5 mmol/L,诱导时间为7 h;复性后的内溶素具有抑菌活性。结论:本研究为利用内溶素防控副溶血弧菌以及其他革兰氏阴性细菌提供了制备方法。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772876,31702374)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ18C190001,LQ17C190001)+1 种基金Zhejiang Xinmiao Talents Program(2017R405023)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2(NOD2) is a major cytoplasmic sensor for pathogens and is critical for the clearance of cytosolic bacteria in mammals.However, studies regarding NOD2, especially the initiated signaling pathways, are scarce in teleost species. In this study, we identified a NOD2 molecule(PaNOD2) from ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis).Bioinformatics analysis showed the structure of NOD2 to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution. Dual-luciferase reporter assays examined the activation of NF-κB signaling and Western blotting analysis detected the phosphorylation of three MAP kinases(p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2).Functional study revealed that, like its mammalian counterparts, PaNOD2 was the receptor of the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide(MDP), and the leucine-rich repeat motif was responsible for the recognition and binding of Pa NOD2 with the ligand. Overexpression of PaNOD2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β in HEK293 T cells and ayu head kidney-derived monocytes/macrophages(MO/MΦ).Particularly, we found that PaNOD2 activated the MAPK signaling pathways, as indicated by the increased phosphorylation of p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2, which have not been characterized in any teleost species previously. Our findings proved that the NOD2 molecule and initiated pathways are conserved between mammals and ayu. Therefore, ayu could be used as an animal model to investigate NOD2-based diseases and therapeutic applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFD0900105)
文摘The p21-activated kinase 1(PAK1)is a downstream serine/threonine kinase effector of Rac1/Cdc42 that regulates various biological processes including those associating with pathological inflammation.To investigate the function of PAK1 in echinoderms,we isolated a new PAK1 from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(AjPAK1)by transcriptome database mining and with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE).The full-length cDNA AjPAK1 was 2303 bp in length,containing a 1587 bp ORF encoding 528 amino acid residues.The deduced AjPAK1 contained a p21-Rho-binding domain(PBD)and a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain(S_TKc),which was similar to the PAK1 of crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci and other eukaryotes.AjPAK1 expressed in all tissues of adult A.japonicus analyzed with the highest transcript anumdance detected in coelomocytes.Significant change in AjPAK1 abundance was observed at 4,24,48 and 72 h after Vibrio splendidus infection.Silencing AjPAK1 induced a significant reduction of lysozyme content in coelomic fluid and relative transcript abundances of AjRac1 and AjMKK3/6 in A.japonicus coelomocytes.These results should aid to characterize PAK1 of sea cucumber and decipher its immune function.
文摘目的:为了利用噬菌体内溶素防控副溶血弧菌,通过克隆表达工程菌pET30a-CHAP制备目的蛋白,并将以包涵体存在的目的蛋白复性得到有活性的噬菌体内溶素蛋白。方法:首先克隆工程菌pET30a-CHAP,经IPTG的诱导表达后,检测菌液上清中内溶素含量判断表达形式,再进行诱导条件初步优化。通过将表达的pET30a-CHAP包涵体蛋白先用洗涤剂洗涤去除杂蛋白,然后用尿素变性剂溶解,并用Ni^(2+)Sepharose^(TM)6 Fast Flow亲和层析柱进行层析纯化,用EDTA、氧化型谷胱甘肽、还原型谷胱甘肽等为折叠复性促进剂,经过透析制备可溶性的pET30a-CHAP蛋白,再检测目的蛋白的抑菌活性。结果:本实验确定了重组菌内溶素的表达形式为没有活性的包涵体;初步确定最佳诱导条件为诱导温度为16℃,IPTG终浓度0.5 mmol/L,诱导时间为7 h;复性后的内溶素具有抑菌活性。结论:本研究为利用内溶素防控副溶血弧菌以及其他革兰氏阴性细菌提供了制备方法。
