As a renewable and environment-friendly technology for seawater desalination and wastewater purification,solar energy triggered steam generation is attractive to address the long-standing global water scarcity issues....As a renewable and environment-friendly technology for seawater desalination and wastewater purification,solar energy triggered steam generation is attractive to address the long-standing global water scarcity issues.However,practical utilization of solar energy for steam generation is severely restricted by the complex synthesis,low energy conversion efficiency,insufficient solar spectrum absorption and water extraction capability of state-of-the-art technologies.Here,for the first time,we report a facile strategy to realize hydrogen bond induced self-assembly of a polydopamine(PDA)@MXene microsphere photothermal layer for synergistically achieving wide-spectrum and highly efficient solar absorption capability(≈96%in a wide solar spectrum range of 250–1,500 nm wavelength).Moreover,such a system renders fast water transport and vapor escaping due to the intrinsically hydrophilic nature of both MXene and PDA,as well as the interspacing between core-shell microspheres.The solar-to-vapor conversion efficiencies under the solar illumination of 1 sun and 4 sun are as high as 85.2%and 93.6%,respectively.Besides,the PDA@MXene photothermal layer renders the system durable mechanical properties,allowing producing clean water from seawater with the salt rejection rate beyond 99%.Furthermore,stable light absorption performance can be achieved and well maintained due to the formation of ternary TiO2/C/MXene complex caused by oxidative degradation of MXene.Therefore,this work proposes an attractive MXene-assisted strategy for fabricating high performance photothermal composites for advanced solar-driven seawater desalination applications.展开更多
Solar vapor generation is emerging as a promising technology using solar energy for various applications including desalination and freshwater production.However,from the viewpoints of industrial and academic research...Solar vapor generation is emerging as a promising technology using solar energy for various applications including desalination and freshwater production.However,from the viewpoints of industrial and academic research,it remains challenging to prepare low-cost and high-efficiency photothermal materials.In this work,we report the controlled carbonization of polypropylene(PP)using NiO and poly(ionic liquid)(PIL)as combined catalysts to prepare a Ni/carbon nanomaterial(Ni/CNM).The morphology and textural property of Ni/CNM are modulated by adding a trace amount of PIL.Ni/CNM consists of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes(CS-CNTs)and pear-shaped metallic Ni nanoparticles.Due to the synergistic effect of Ni and CS-CNTs in solar absorption,Ni/CNM possesses an excellent property of photothermal conversion.Meanwhile,Ni/CNM with a high specific surface area and rich micro-/meso-/macropores constructs a threedimensional(3 D)porous network for efficient water supply and vapor channels.Thanks to high solar absorption,fast water transport,and low thermal conductivity,Ni/CNM exhibits a high water evaporation rate of 1.67 kg m^-2 h^-1,a solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 94.9%,and an excellent stability for 10 cycles.It also works well when converting dyecontaining water,seawater,and oil/water emulsion into healthy drinkable water.The metallic ion removal efficiency of seawater is 99.99%,and the dye removal efficiency is>99.9%.More importantly,it prevails over the-state-of-art carbonbased photothermal materials in solar energy-driven vapor generation.This work not only proposes a new sustainable approach to convert waste polymers into advanced metal/carbon hybrids,but also contributes to the fields of solar energy utilization and seawater desalination.展开更多
Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic ...Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology for water desalination.Generally,double-layered structure with separate surface wettability properties is usually employed for evaporator construction.How...Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology for water desalination.Generally,double-layered structure with separate surface wettability properties is usually employed for evaporator construction.However,creating materials with tunable properties is a great challenge because the wettability of existing materials is usually monotonous.Herein,we report vinyltrimethoxysilane as a single molecular unit to hybrid with bacterial cellulose(BC)fibrous network,which can be built into robust aerogel with entirely distinct wettability through controlling assembly pathways.Siloxane groups or carbon atoms are exposed on the surface of BC nanofibers,resulting in either superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic aerogels.With this special property,single component-modified aerogels could be integrated into a double-layered evaporator for water desalination.Under 1 sun,our evaporator achieves high water evaporation rates of 1.91 and 4.20 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under laboratory and outdoor solar conditions,respectively.Moreover,this aerogel evaporator shows unprecedented lightweight,structural robustness,long-term stability under extreme conditions,and excellent salt-resistance,highlighting the advantages in synthesis of aerogel materials from the single molecular unit.展开更多
Solar powered steam generation is an emerging area in the field o f energy harvest and sustainable technologies.The nano-structured photothermal materials are able to harvest energy from the full solar spectrum and co...Solar powered steam generation is an emerging area in the field o f energy harvest and sustainable technologies.The nano-structured photothermal materials are able to harvest energy from the full solar spectrum and convert it to heat with high efficiency.Moreover,the materials and structures for heat management as well as the mass transportation are also brought to the forefront.Several groups have reported their materials and structures as solutions for high performance devices,a few creatively coupled other physical fields with solar energy to achieve even better results.This paper provides a systematic review on the recent developments in photothermal nanomaterial discovery,material selection,structural design and mass/heat management,as well as their applications in seawater desalination and fresh water production from waste water with free solar energy.It also discusses current technical challenges and likely future developments.This article will help to stimulate novel ideas and new designs for the photothermal materials,towards efficient,low cost practical solar-driven clean water production.展开更多
This article focuses on iodine determination by microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry （MPT-AES） coupled with online preconcentration vapor generation method. A new desolvation device, multistrand Nafio...This article focuses on iodine determination by microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry （MPT-AES） coupled with online preconcentration vapor generation method. A new desolvation device, multistrand Nafion dryer, was used as the substitute for condenser desolvation system. Some experimental conditions, such as preconcentration time, acidity of sample solution, rinsing solution acidity and dynamic linear range were investigated and optimized. The new desolvation system eliminates the problem of decreasing emission intensity of I（I） 206.238 nm line with the increase of working time on a conventional condenser desolvation system, thus greatly improving the reproducibility.展开更多
Along with the environmental pollution, the scarcity of clean water seriously threatens the sustainable development of human society.Recently, the rapid development of solar evaporators has injected new vitality into ...Along with the environmental pollution, the scarcity of clean water seriously threatens the sustainable development of human society.Recently, the rapid development of solar evaporators has injected new vitality into the field of water purification. However, the industry faces a considerable challenge of achieving comprehensive purification of ions, especially the efficient removal of mercury ions. In this work, we introduce an ideal mercury-removal platform based on facilely and cost-effectively synthesized polysulfide nanoparticles(PSNs). Further development of PSN-functionalized reduced graphene oxide(PSN-rGO) aerogel evaporator results in achieving a high evaporation rate of 1.55 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)with energy efficiency of 90.8% under 1 sun. With the merits of interconnected porous structure and adsorption ability, the photothermal aerogel presents overall purification of heavy metal ions from wastewater. During solar desalination, salt ions can be rejected with long-term stability. Compared with traditional water purification technologies, this highly efficient solar evaporator provides a new practical method to utilize clean energy for clean water production.展开更多
Solar vapor generation(SVC)represents a promising technique for seawater desalination to alleviate the global water crisis and energy shortage.One of its main bottleneck problems is that the evaporation efficiency and...Solar vapor generation(SVC)represents a promising technique for seawater desalination to alleviate the global water crisis and energy shortage.One of its main bottleneck problems is that the evaporation efficiency and stability are limited by salt crystallization under high-salinity brines.Herein,we demonstrate that the 3D porous melamine-foam(MF)wrapped by a type of self-assembling composite materials based on reduced polyoxometalates(i.e.heteropoly blue,HPB),oleic acid(OA),and polypyrrole(PPy)(labeled with MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA)can serve as efficient and stable SVC material at high salinity.Structural characterizations of MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA indicate that both hydrophilic region of HPBs and hydrophobic region of OA co-exist on the surface of composite materials,optimizing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces of the SVC materials,and fully exerting its functionality for ultrahigh water-evaporation and anti-salt fouling.The optimal MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA operates continuously and stably for over 100 h in 10wt%brine.Furthermore,MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA accomplishes complete salt-water separation of 10wt%brine with 3.3kgm^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-sun irradiation,yielding salt harvesting efficiency of 96.5%,which belongs to the record high of high-salinity systems reported so far and is close to achieving zero liquid discharge.Moreover,the low cost of MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA(2.56$m^(-2))suggests its potential application in the practical SVC technique.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51873126,51422305,and 51721091)。
文摘As a renewable and environment-friendly technology for seawater desalination and wastewater purification,solar energy triggered steam generation is attractive to address the long-standing global water scarcity issues.However,practical utilization of solar energy for steam generation is severely restricted by the complex synthesis,low energy conversion efficiency,insufficient solar spectrum absorption and water extraction capability of state-of-the-art technologies.Here,for the first time,we report a facile strategy to realize hydrogen bond induced self-assembly of a polydopamine(PDA)@MXene microsphere photothermal layer for synergistically achieving wide-spectrum and highly efficient solar absorption capability(≈96%in a wide solar spectrum range of 250–1,500 nm wavelength).Moreover,such a system renders fast water transport and vapor escaping due to the intrinsically hydrophilic nature of both MXene and PDA,as well as the interspacing between core-shell microspheres.The solar-to-vapor conversion efficiencies under the solar illumination of 1 sun and 4 sun are as high as 85.2%and 93.6%,respectively.Besides,the PDA@MXene photothermal layer renders the system durable mechanical properties,allowing producing clean water from seawater with the salt rejection rate beyond 99%.Furthermore,stable light absorption performance can be achieved and well maintained due to the formation of ternary TiO2/C/MXene complex caused by oxidative degradation of MXene.Therefore,this work proposes an attractive MXene-assisted strategy for fabricating high performance photothermal composites for advanced solar-driven seawater desalination applications.
基金supported by the Initiatory Financial Support from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology(3004013134)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51903099)+1 种基金the Opening Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure(2019MCF01)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Solar vapor generation is emerging as a promising technology using solar energy for various applications including desalination and freshwater production.However,from the viewpoints of industrial and academic research,it remains challenging to prepare low-cost and high-efficiency photothermal materials.In this work,we report the controlled carbonization of polypropylene(PP)using NiO and poly(ionic liquid)(PIL)as combined catalysts to prepare a Ni/carbon nanomaterial(Ni/CNM).The morphology and textural property of Ni/CNM are modulated by adding a trace amount of PIL.Ni/CNM consists of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes(CS-CNTs)and pear-shaped metallic Ni nanoparticles.Due to the synergistic effect of Ni and CS-CNTs in solar absorption,Ni/CNM possesses an excellent property of photothermal conversion.Meanwhile,Ni/CNM with a high specific surface area and rich micro-/meso-/macropores constructs a threedimensional(3 D)porous network for efficient water supply and vapor channels.Thanks to high solar absorption,fast water transport,and low thermal conductivity,Ni/CNM exhibits a high water evaporation rate of 1.67 kg m^-2 h^-1,a solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 94.9%,and an excellent stability for 10 cycles.It also works well when converting dyecontaining water,seawater,and oil/water emulsion into healthy drinkable water.The metallic ion removal efficiency of seawater is 99.99%,and the dye removal efficiency is>99.9%.More importantly,it prevails over the-state-of-art carbonbased photothermal materials in solar energy-driven vapor generation.This work not only proposes a new sustainable approach to convert waste polymers into advanced metal/carbon hybrids,but also contributes to the fields of solar energy utilization and seawater desalination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52076028).
文摘Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3701603)National Science Foundation of China(51973030,52103075)+6 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program(20QA1400100)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20JC1414900)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710664,2022T150111)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710663)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities“DHU”Distinguished Young Professor Program(LZB2021001)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University。
文摘Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology for water desalination.Generally,double-layered structure with separate surface wettability properties is usually employed for evaporator construction.However,creating materials with tunable properties is a great challenge because the wettability of existing materials is usually monotonous.Herein,we report vinyltrimethoxysilane as a single molecular unit to hybrid with bacterial cellulose(BC)fibrous network,which can be built into robust aerogel with entirely distinct wettability through controlling assembly pathways.Siloxane groups or carbon atoms are exposed on the surface of BC nanofibers,resulting in either superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic aerogels.With this special property,single component-modified aerogels could be integrated into a double-layered evaporator for water desalination.Under 1 sun,our evaporator achieves high water evaporation rates of 1.91 and 4.20 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under laboratory and outdoor solar conditions,respectively.Moreover,this aerogel evaporator shows unprecedented lightweight,structural robustness,long-term stability under extreme conditions,and excellent salt-resistance,highlighting the advantages in synthesis of aerogel materials from the single molecular unit.
文摘Solar powered steam generation is an emerging area in the field o f energy harvest and sustainable technologies.The nano-structured photothermal materials are able to harvest energy from the full solar spectrum and convert it to heat with high efficiency.Moreover,the materials and structures for heat management as well as the mass transportation are also brought to the forefront.Several groups have reported their materials and structures as solutions for high performance devices,a few creatively coupled other physical fields with solar energy to achieve even better results.This paper provides a systematic review on the recent developments in photothermal nanomaterial discovery,material selection,structural design and mass/heat management,as well as their applications in seawater desalination and fresh water production from waste water with free solar energy.It also discusses current technical challenges and likely future developments.This article will help to stimulate novel ideas and new designs for the photothermal materials,towards efficient,low cost practical solar-driven clean water production.
基金the Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Jilin Province, China(No.20010306-1)the China’s Post-doctoral Science Fund(No.20040350561).
文摘This article focuses on iodine determination by microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry （MPT-AES） coupled with online preconcentration vapor generation method. A new desolvation device, multistrand Nafion dryer, was used as the substitute for condenser desolvation system. Some experimental conditions, such as preconcentration time, acidity of sample solution, rinsing solution acidity and dynamic linear range were investigated and optimized. The new desolvation system eliminates the problem of decreasing emission intensity of I（I） 206.238 nm line with the increase of working time on a conventional condenser desolvation system, thus greatly improving the reproducibility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878043,21576039,21421005 and U1608223)Program for Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_13R06)+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT18ZD218)Talent Fund of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Eco-Chemical Engineering(XTCXYX04)Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Liaoning(LCR2018066)Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program(2019RD06)the Liaoning Revitalization Talent Program(1801006).
文摘Along with the environmental pollution, the scarcity of clean water seriously threatens the sustainable development of human society.Recently, the rapid development of solar evaporators has injected new vitality into the field of water purification. However, the industry faces a considerable challenge of achieving comprehensive purification of ions, especially the efficient removal of mercury ions. In this work, we introduce an ideal mercury-removal platform based on facilely and cost-effectively synthesized polysulfide nanoparticles(PSNs). Further development of PSN-functionalized reduced graphene oxide(PSN-rGO) aerogel evaporator results in achieving a high evaporation rate of 1.55 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)with energy efficiency of 90.8% under 1 sun. With the merits of interconnected porous structure and adsorption ability, the photothermal aerogel presents overall purification of heavy metal ions from wastewater. During solar desalination, salt ions can be rejected with long-term stability. Compared with traditional water purification technologies, this highly efficient solar evaporator provides a new practical method to utilize clean energy for clean water production.
基金financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(grant no.2020YFA0406101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22171041,22071020,21901035,22271043)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province Science and Technology Department(grant nos.20230508094RC,20220101045JC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.2412021QD008)
文摘Solar vapor generation(SVC)represents a promising technique for seawater desalination to alleviate the global water crisis and energy shortage.One of its main bottleneck problems is that the evaporation efficiency and stability are limited by salt crystallization under high-salinity brines.Herein,we demonstrate that the 3D porous melamine-foam(MF)wrapped by a type of self-assembling composite materials based on reduced polyoxometalates(i.e.heteropoly blue,HPB),oleic acid(OA),and polypyrrole(PPy)(labeled with MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA)can serve as efficient and stable SVC material at high salinity.Structural characterizations of MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA indicate that both hydrophilic region of HPBs and hydrophobic region of OA co-exist on the surface of composite materials,optimizing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces of the SVC materials,and fully exerting its functionality for ultrahigh water-evaporation and anti-salt fouling.The optimal MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA operates continuously and stably for over 100 h in 10wt%brine.Furthermore,MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA accomplishes complete salt-water separation of 10wt%brine with 3.3kgm^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-sun irradiation,yielding salt harvesting efficiency of 96.5%,which belongs to the record high of high-salinity systems reported so far and is close to achieving zero liquid discharge.Moreover,the low cost of MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA(2.56$m^(-2))suggests its potential application in the practical SVC technique.
