Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combin...Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion vaccines.By reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China.Challenges are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development capacity.To optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.展开更多
目的了解中国部分地区免疫规划(Expanded Program on Immunization,EPI)疫苗可预防疾病的经济负担和发病期生命质量。方法在中国八个省份各级医院中选择2015-2017年发病的七种EPI疫苗可预防疾病病例开展医疗相关费用的回顾性调查,分析...目的了解中国部分地区免疫规划(Expanded Program on Immunization,EPI)疫苗可预防疾病的经济负担和发病期生命质量。方法在中国八个省份各级医院中选择2015-2017年发病的七种EPI疫苗可预防疾病病例开展医疗相关费用的回顾性调查,分析人均经济负担;利用欧洲五维度健康量表调查发病期间的健康效用值。结果本调查分别纳入百日咳、麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)、甲型肝炎病例87例、324例、108例、684例、142例、32例、240例,人均总经济负担分别为11255.14元/例、7807.74元/例、3277.63元/例、3387.62元/例、36717.02元/例、73360.87元/例、16612.43元/例,人均直接与间接经济负担之比分别为2.36、1.86、1.32、1.19、2.55、2.00、1.79,发病期间的平均健康效用值分别为0.87、0.81、0.82、0.86、0.63、0.05、0.81。结论调查地区七种EPI疫苗可预防疾病中流脑和乙脑的经济负担较重且在发病期的生命质量较差。展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO)prioritizes pneumococcal disease as a vaccine-preventable disease and recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV)in national immunization programs worldwide.Howev...The World Health Organization(WHO)prioritizes pneumococcal disease as a vaccine-preventable disease and recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV)in national immunization programs worldwide.However,PCV is not included in the National Immunization Program in China and has low vaccination coverage due to its high cost.To address this,Weifang City implemented an innovative strategy for a 13-valent PCV(PCV13)on June 1,2021.This strategy aimed to provide one dose of PCV13 free of charge for children aged 6 months to 2 years in registered households and to adopt a commercial insurance model with one dose of PCV13 free of charge in 2023 for children over 2 years old.The Health Commission of Weifang and other departments conducted a comprehensive investigation and considered various factors,such as vaccine efectiveness,safety,accessibility,vaccine price,and immunization schedules,for eligible children(under 5 years old).Stakeholder opinions were also solicited before implementing the policy.The Commission negotiated with various vaccine manufacturers to maximize its negotiating power and reduce vaccine prices.The implementation plan was introduced under the Healthy Weifang Strategy.Following the implementation of this strategy,the full course of vaccination coverage increased signifcantly from 0.67 to 6.59%.However,vaccination coverage is still lower than that in developed countries.Weifang’s PCV13 vaccination innovative strategy is the frst of its kind in Chinese mainland and is an active pilot of non-immunization program vaccination strategies.To further promote PCV13 vaccination,Weifang City should continue to implement this strategy and explore appropriate fnancing channels.Regions with higher levels of economic development can innovate the implementation of vaccine programs,broaden fnancing channels,improve accessibility to vaccination services,and advocate for more localities to incorporate PCV13 into locally expanded immunization programs or people-benefting projects.A monitoring and evalua展开更多
文摘Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion vaccines.By reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China.Challenges are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development capacity.To optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.
文摘目的了解中国部分地区免疫规划(Expanded Program on Immunization,EPI)疫苗可预防疾病的经济负担和发病期生命质量。方法在中国八个省份各级医院中选择2015-2017年发病的七种EPI疫苗可预防疾病病例开展医疗相关费用的回顾性调查,分析人均经济负担;利用欧洲五维度健康量表调查发病期间的健康效用值。结果本调查分别纳入百日咳、麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)、甲型肝炎病例87例、324例、108例、684例、142例、32例、240例,人均总经济负担分别为11255.14元/例、7807.74元/例、3277.63元/例、3387.62元/例、36717.02元/例、73360.87元/例、16612.43元/例,人均直接与间接经济负担之比分别为2.36、1.86、1.32、1.19、2.55、2.00、1.79,发病期间的平均健康效用值分别为0.87、0.81、0.82、0.86、0.63、0.05、0.81。结论调查地区七种EPI疫苗可预防疾病中流脑和乙脑的经济负担较重且在发病期的生命质量较差。
基金supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1216666)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022MG032)+1 种基金Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023RKY07003)the research“Innovation Lab of Vaccine Delivery Research,”supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(INV034554).
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO)prioritizes pneumococcal disease as a vaccine-preventable disease and recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV)in national immunization programs worldwide.However,PCV is not included in the National Immunization Program in China and has low vaccination coverage due to its high cost.To address this,Weifang City implemented an innovative strategy for a 13-valent PCV(PCV13)on June 1,2021.This strategy aimed to provide one dose of PCV13 free of charge for children aged 6 months to 2 years in registered households and to adopt a commercial insurance model with one dose of PCV13 free of charge in 2023 for children over 2 years old.The Health Commission of Weifang and other departments conducted a comprehensive investigation and considered various factors,such as vaccine efectiveness,safety,accessibility,vaccine price,and immunization schedules,for eligible children(under 5 years old).Stakeholder opinions were also solicited before implementing the policy.The Commission negotiated with various vaccine manufacturers to maximize its negotiating power and reduce vaccine prices.The implementation plan was introduced under the Healthy Weifang Strategy.Following the implementation of this strategy,the full course of vaccination coverage increased signifcantly from 0.67 to 6.59%.However,vaccination coverage is still lower than that in developed countries.Weifang’s PCV13 vaccination innovative strategy is the frst of its kind in Chinese mainland and is an active pilot of non-immunization program vaccination strategies.To further promote PCV13 vaccination,Weifang City should continue to implement this strategy and explore appropriate fnancing channels.Regions with higher levels of economic development can innovate the implementation of vaccine programs,broaden fnancing channels,improve accessibility to vaccination services,and advocate for more localities to incorporate PCV13 into locally expanded immunization programs or people-benefting projects.A monitoring and evalua
