AIM To review Hepatitis C virus(HCV) prevalence and genotypes distribution worldwide.METHODS We conducted a systematic study which represents one of the most comprehensive effort to quantify global HCV epidemiology,us...AIM To review Hepatitis C virus(HCV) prevalence and genotypes distribution worldwide.METHODS We conducted a systematic study which represents one of the most comprehensive effort to quantify global HCV epidemiology,using the best available published data between 2000 and 2015 from 138 countries(about 90% of the global population),grouped in 20 geographical areas(with the exclusion of Oceania),as defined by the Global Burden of Diseases project(GBD). Countries for which we were unable to obtain HCV genotype prevalence data were excluded from calculations of regional proportions,although their populations were included in the total population size of each region when generating regional genotype prevalence estimates.RESULTS Total global HCV prevalence is estimated at 2.5%(177.5 million of HCV infected adults),ranging from 2.9% in Africa and 1.3% in Americas,with a global viraemic rate of 67%(118.9 million of HCV RNA positive cases),varying from 64.4% in Asia to 74.8% in Australasia. HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide(49.1%),followed by genotype 3(17.9%),4(16.8%) and 2(11.0%). Genotypes 5 and 6 are responsible for the remaining < 5%. While genotypes 1 and 3 are common worldwide,the largest proportion of genotypes 4 and 5 is in lower-income countries. Although HCV genotypes 1 and 3 infections are the most prevalent globally(67.0% if considered together),other genotypes are found more commonly in lowerincome countries where still account for a significant proportion of HCV cases.CONCLUSION A more precise knowledge of HCV genotype distribution will be helpful to best inform national healthcare models to improve access to new treatments.展开更多
Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), also known as catfish infectious ascites, is an acute, hemorrhagic infectious septicaemia. The disease can harm salmon, catfish, Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristicht...Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), also known as catfish infectious ascites, is an acute, hemorrhagic infectious septicaemia. The disease can harm salmon, catfish, Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, etc., and is popular in both Europe and Asia. SVC is the first type of quarantine target for fish port quarantine. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) lists SVC as a disease that needs to be declared, and China’s Ministry of Agriculture defines it as a class of animal disease. In order to avoid the risk of introduction of IHN due to the introduction of fingerlings, and provide decision-making departments with scientific decision-making data, this paper conducts a systematic risk analysis of SVC from risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication.展开更多
Since the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has been widely known,it was supposed that hydrogen could suppress tissue damage by inhibiting virus-related inflammatory reactions.However,hydrogen is slightly soluble i...Since the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has been widely known,it was supposed that hydrogen could suppress tissue damage by inhibiting virus-related inflammatory reactions.However,hydrogen is slightly soluble in water,which leads to poor effect of oral hydrogen-rich water therapy.In this study,the nano-bubble hydrogen water(nano-HW)(about 0.7 ppm)was prepared and its therapeutic effect against viral infection was investigated by utilizing spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV)-infected zebrafish as model.Three-month-old zebrafish were divided into nano-HW treatment-treated group and aquaculture water treated group(control group).The results revealed that the cumulative mortality rate of SVCV-infected zebrafish was reduced by 40%after treatment with nano-bubble hydrogen water,and q RT-PCR results showed that SVCV replication was significantly inhibited.Histopathological examination staining showed that SVCV infection caused tissue damage was greatly alleviated after treatment with nano-bubble hydrogen water.Futhermore,SVCV infection caused reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation was significantly reduced upon nano-HW treatment.The level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αwas remarkably reduced in the nano-HW-treated group in vivo and in vitro.Taken together,our data demonstrated for the first time that nano-HW could inhibit the inflammatory response caused by viral infection in zebrafish,which suggests that nano-HW can be applied to antiviral research,and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for virus-caused inflammation related disease.展开更多
Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of B19V IgM as a measure of acute infection and associated risk factors among < 5 years children at Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and sixteen (116) and thirty e...Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of B19V IgM as a measure of acute infection and associated risk factors among < 5 years children at Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and sixteen (116) and thirty eight (38) blood samples were individually collected from severe anaemia and age-matched non-anaemic children between 1-60 months old at Oyo state, Nigeria. EDTA anticoagulated blood was tested for their packed cell volume, while sera were tested for human parvovirus IgM antibodies using microhaematocrit centrifuge and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Interviewer-based questionnaires were used to collect participants' sociodemographic variables. Results: Anti-B19V IgM was detected in 17 (14.7%) severe anaemia subjects, whereas, only 2 (5.3%) non-anaemia subjects had B19V IgM. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodywas higher in anaemic subjects than non-anaemic control group. There is significant association between the seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM and family size (P=0.001), number of siblings (P=0.032) and education status (P=0.01) of anaemic children but seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM is not significantly associated with gender, family type and age (P>0.05). Conclusions: The seroprevalence of 14.7% among anaemic children confirm that these infections are endemic in Nigeria. This level of infectivity suggests that there is a high risk of transmission to healthy children as well as children with underlying haemolytic or acquired anaemia in Nigeria.展开更多
文摘AIM To review Hepatitis C virus(HCV) prevalence and genotypes distribution worldwide.METHODS We conducted a systematic study which represents one of the most comprehensive effort to quantify global HCV epidemiology,using the best available published data between 2000 and 2015 from 138 countries(about 90% of the global population),grouped in 20 geographical areas(with the exclusion of Oceania),as defined by the Global Burden of Diseases project(GBD). Countries for which we were unable to obtain HCV genotype prevalence data were excluded from calculations of regional proportions,although their populations were included in the total population size of each region when generating regional genotype prevalence estimates.RESULTS Total global HCV prevalence is estimated at 2.5%(177.5 million of HCV infected adults),ranging from 2.9% in Africa and 1.3% in Americas,with a global viraemic rate of 67%(118.9 million of HCV RNA positive cases),varying from 64.4% in Asia to 74.8% in Australasia. HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide(49.1%),followed by genotype 3(17.9%),4(16.8%) and 2(11.0%). Genotypes 5 and 6 are responsible for the remaining < 5%. While genotypes 1 and 3 are common worldwide,the largest proportion of genotypes 4 and 5 is in lower-income countries. Although HCV genotypes 1 and 3 infections are the most prevalent globally(67.0% if considered together),other genotypes are found more commonly in lowerincome countries where still account for a significant proportion of HCV cases.CONCLUSION A more precise knowledge of HCV genotype distribution will be helpful to best inform national healthcare models to improve access to new treatments.
文摘Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), also known as catfish infectious ascites, is an acute, hemorrhagic infectious septicaemia. The disease can harm salmon, catfish, Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, etc., and is popular in both Europe and Asia. SVC is the first type of quarantine target for fish port quarantine. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) lists SVC as a disease that needs to be declared, and China’s Ministry of Agriculture defines it as a class of animal disease. In order to avoid the risk of introduction of IHN due to the introduction of fingerlings, and provide decision-making departments with scientific decision-making data, this paper conducts a systematic risk analysis of SVC from risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31972834,32022082,31972721)。
文摘Since the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has been widely known,it was supposed that hydrogen could suppress tissue damage by inhibiting virus-related inflammatory reactions.However,hydrogen is slightly soluble in water,which leads to poor effect of oral hydrogen-rich water therapy.In this study,the nano-bubble hydrogen water(nano-HW)(about 0.7 ppm)was prepared and its therapeutic effect against viral infection was investigated by utilizing spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV)-infected zebrafish as model.Three-month-old zebrafish were divided into nano-HW treatment-treated group and aquaculture water treated group(control group).The results revealed that the cumulative mortality rate of SVCV-infected zebrafish was reduced by 40%after treatment with nano-bubble hydrogen water,and q RT-PCR results showed that SVCV replication was significantly inhibited.Histopathological examination staining showed that SVCV infection caused tissue damage was greatly alleviated after treatment with nano-bubble hydrogen water.Futhermore,SVCV infection caused reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation was significantly reduced upon nano-HW treatment.The level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-αwas remarkably reduced in the nano-HW-treated group in vivo and in vitro.Taken together,our data demonstrated for the first time that nano-HW could inhibit the inflammatory response caused by viral infection in zebrafish,which suggests that nano-HW can be applied to antiviral research,and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for virus-caused inflammation related disease.
文摘Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of B19V IgM as a measure of acute infection and associated risk factors among < 5 years children at Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and sixteen (116) and thirty eight (38) blood samples were individually collected from severe anaemia and age-matched non-anaemic children between 1-60 months old at Oyo state, Nigeria. EDTA anticoagulated blood was tested for their packed cell volume, while sera were tested for human parvovirus IgM antibodies using microhaematocrit centrifuge and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Interviewer-based questionnaires were used to collect participants' sociodemographic variables. Results: Anti-B19V IgM was detected in 17 (14.7%) severe anaemia subjects, whereas, only 2 (5.3%) non-anaemia subjects had B19V IgM. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodywas higher in anaemic subjects than non-anaemic control group. There is significant association between the seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM and family size (P=0.001), number of siblings (P=0.032) and education status (P=0.01) of anaemic children but seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM is not significantly associated with gender, family type and age (P>0.05). Conclusions: The seroprevalence of 14.7% among anaemic children confirm that these infections are endemic in Nigeria. This level of infectivity suggests that there is a high risk of transmission to healthy children as well as children with underlying haemolytic or acquired anaemia in Nigeria.
