A novel waterborne stilbene-based polyurethane fluorescent brightener dispersion WPU-VBL was synthesized by incorporating chemically disodium 4,4＇-bis[（4-anilino-6-hydroxyethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl）amino]stilben...A novel waterborne stilbene-based polyurethane fluorescent brightener dispersion WPU-VBL was synthesized by incorporating chemically disodium 4,4＇-bis[（4-anilino-6-hydroxyethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl）amino]stilbene-2,2＇-disulphonate（VBL） into the polyurethane chain using isophorone diisocyanate,poly（propylene glycol） and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid.The structure of WPU-VBL was confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The UV-vis absorption analysis showed a hypsochromic shift of 16 nm when VBL was blocked into polyurethane chain.Number average molecular weight of 2.1×10~4, molecular weight distribution of 2.1 and average latex particle size of about 70 nm for WPU-VBL were determined based on the analysis of gel permeation chromatography and laser particle size analyzer.It was found that the fluorescence intensity of WPU-VBL was prominently enhanced because of the micro-circumstance of VBL and the fluorescence of WPU-VBL was very stable.展开更多
This paper is the third in a series published in this journal during 2017-2018. These three papers present various stages in the development of the PeTa model for phenomena of the same physical nature: cavitational lu...This paper is the third in a series published in this journal during 2017-2018. These three papers present various stages in the development of the PeTa model for phenomena of the same physical nature: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect—a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, for instance, vapour condensation. The third iteration of this model “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL) is presented in this paper. The essence of this model is as follows: with a local decrease of pressure or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of the liquid, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently, a very rapid increase in pressure or a decrease in temperature of the bubble leads to super-saturation of the vapour inside the bubble, followed by its instantaneous condensation with the emission of condensation energy (this is the PeTa effect). A sharp decrease in pressure causes the collapse of the bubble accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. VBL model is conveniently represented on the solid-liquid-vapour phase diagram. A better understanding of the physical nature of the phenomena under consideration could help to find their useful applications. To develop this idea further, we propose a design of a cavity-free pulsed laser on the basis of CL/MBSL/SBSL. An analysis of LIBL in cryogenic liquids is also given in this paper.展开更多
The paper presents a physical model of a natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents formed during underwater volcanic activity. The basis of the model is characteristic non-equilibrium radiation und...The paper presents a physical model of a natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents formed during underwater volcanic activity. The basis of the model is characteristic non-equilibrium radiation under first order phase transitions that since 2010 has been referred to as the PeTa (Perelman-Tatartchenko) effect. This is the fourth paper in a series developing the model for similar physical phenomena: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The previous three papers were published during 2017-2018 in this Journal. In the third one we have shown that above mentioned physical effects can be generalized as a phenomenon that we have titled “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL). VBL is very clearly represented in a non-equilibrium phase diagram. The essence of VBL is as follows: when there is a local decrease in pressure and/or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of a liquid occurs, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently a very rapid pressure increase and/or temperature decrease in the same volume of liquid leads to supersaturation of the vapour inside the bubble. Upon reaching critical vapor density, instantaneous vapour condensation and emission of the phase transition energy that is accompanied by a flash (this is the PeTa effect) results in a sharp pressure decrease and the bubble collapses due to the pressure drop. This process is accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. A similar effect occurs if bubbles filled with hot steam, for example from a cappuccino machine, are injected into a relatively large volume of cold water. The VBL model explains all experimental data concerning CL/MBSL/SBSL/LIBL and the relatively new natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents. Several model experiments demonstrate the PeTa effect under similar conditions. Additionally, we define the PeTa effect in all its manifestations on a non-equilibrium p展开更多
以16种中小学生作业本为检测对象,首先以白度颜色测定仪进行荧光白度检测,其次以水为溶剂对其中V B L荧光增白剂进行提取,采用紫外分光光度计进行V B L含量分析。同时,以V B L为标样添加到纸页中,抄造含有不同V B L含量的纸张样品。对...以16种中小学生作业本为检测对象,首先以白度颜色测定仪进行荧光白度检测,其次以水为溶剂对其中V B L荧光增白剂进行提取,采用紫外分光光度计进行V B L含量分析。同时,以V B L为标样添加到纸页中,抄造含有不同V B L含量的纸张样品。对实验所制备的样品经白度颜色测试仪以及紫外分光光度计测试,验证荧光白度与紫外分光光度计的分析吻合程度,也佐证学生作业本中V B L含量的检验结果。结果表明,荧光白度与紫外分光光度分析方法均可测定纸页中VB L的含量。16种试样中全部含有VB L荧光增白剂,VB L含量最高为0.23%,最少为0.05%;荧光白度最大为14.47%,最小为5.32%。展开更多
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51073144)Anhui Provincial Education Department(Nos.KJ2008B165 and KJ2010B039)
文摘A novel waterborne stilbene-based polyurethane fluorescent brightener dispersion WPU-VBL was synthesized by incorporating chemically disodium 4,4＇-bis[（4-anilino-6-hydroxyethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl）amino]stilbene-2,2＇-disulphonate（VBL） into the polyurethane chain using isophorone diisocyanate,poly（propylene glycol） and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid.The structure of WPU-VBL was confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The UV-vis absorption analysis showed a hypsochromic shift of 16 nm when VBL was blocked into polyurethane chain.Number average molecular weight of 2.1×10~4, molecular weight distribution of 2.1 and average latex particle size of about 70 nm for WPU-VBL were determined based on the analysis of gel permeation chromatography and laser particle size analyzer.It was found that the fluorescence intensity of WPU-VBL was prominently enhanced because of the micro-circumstance of VBL and the fluorescence of WPU-VBL was very stable.
文摘This paper is the third in a series published in this journal during 2017-2018. These three papers present various stages in the development of the PeTa model for phenomena of the same physical nature: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect—a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, for instance, vapour condensation. The third iteration of this model “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL) is presented in this paper. The essence of this model is as follows: with a local decrease of pressure or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of the liquid, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently, a very rapid increase in pressure or a decrease in temperature of the bubble leads to super-saturation of the vapour inside the bubble, followed by its instantaneous condensation with the emission of condensation energy (this is the PeTa effect). A sharp decrease in pressure causes the collapse of the bubble accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. VBL model is conveniently represented on the solid-liquid-vapour phase diagram. A better understanding of the physical nature of the phenomena under consideration could help to find their useful applications. To develop this idea further, we propose a design of a cavity-free pulsed laser on the basis of CL/MBSL/SBSL. An analysis of LIBL in cryogenic liquids is also given in this paper.
文摘The paper presents a physical model of a natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents formed during underwater volcanic activity. The basis of the model is characteristic non-equilibrium radiation under first order phase transitions that since 2010 has been referred to as the PeTa (Perelman-Tatartchenko) effect. This is the fourth paper in a series developing the model for similar physical phenomena: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The previous three papers were published during 2017-2018 in this Journal. In the third one we have shown that above mentioned physical effects can be generalized as a phenomenon that we have titled “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL). VBL is very clearly represented in a non-equilibrium phase diagram. The essence of VBL is as follows: when there is a local decrease in pressure and/or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of a liquid occurs, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently a very rapid pressure increase and/or temperature decrease in the same volume of liquid leads to supersaturation of the vapour inside the bubble. Upon reaching critical vapor density, instantaneous vapour condensation and emission of the phase transition energy that is accompanied by a flash (this is the PeTa effect) results in a sharp pressure decrease and the bubble collapses due to the pressure drop. This process is accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. A similar effect occurs if bubbles filled with hot steam, for example from a cappuccino machine, are injected into a relatively large volume of cold water. The VBL model explains all experimental data concerning CL/MBSL/SBSL/LIBL and the relatively new natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents. Several model experiments demonstrate the PeTa effect under similar conditions. Additionally, we define the PeTa effect in all its manifestations on a non-equilibrium p
文摘以16种中小学生作业本为检测对象,首先以白度颜色测定仪进行荧光白度检测,其次以水为溶剂对其中V B L荧光增白剂进行提取,采用紫外分光光度计进行V B L含量分析。同时,以V B L为标样添加到纸页中,抄造含有不同V B L含量的纸张样品。对实验所制备的样品经白度颜色测试仪以及紫外分光光度计测试,验证荧光白度与紫外分光光度计的分析吻合程度,也佐证学生作业本中V B L含量的检验结果。结果表明,荧光白度与紫外分光光度分析方法均可测定纸页中VB L的含量。16种试样中全部含有VB L荧光增白剂,VB L含量最高为0.23%,最少为0.05%;荧光白度最大为14.47%,最小为5.32%。
