Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our ...Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guideli展开更多
This study aimed to identify stable indicator contaminants of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)to trace the anthropogenic fingerprint of the Pearl River plume in the coastal waters of the northern Sout...This study aimed to identify stable indicator contaminants of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)to trace the anthropogenic fingerprint of the Pearl River plume in the coastal waters of the northern South China Sea.40 PPCPs were under investigation,of which 14 were detected along the Pearl River Estuary and 4 on the shelf of the northern South China Sea.Results show that caffeine,metoprolol,diclofenac,and carbamazepine can be utilized to detect the human impact.They are diluted along the Pearl River,as their concentrations decrease from low salinity towards high salinity.Sulfonamide antibiotics and trimethoprim are suitable to determine the veterinary and human impact.Their highest concentrations were detected along the river yet still in low saline water whereas,the origin of the organic UV-filter is diverse.Their source could not be precisely determined.Only caffeine,metoprolol,octocrylene,and PBSA were detected at the near-coastal stations in the South China Sea.They can be utilized as suitable indicators to detect an anthropogenic impact on the northern South China Sea.The detected concentrations are of low risk to organisms in the Pearl River and the northern South China Sea.展开更多
A new coordination compound, Ni（C6H12N4）2SO4.4H20（NSH-HMTA） （HMTA, hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4）, has been synthesized and its single crystals were obtained. NSH-HMTA belongs to the triclinic system, space gr...A new coordination compound, Ni（C6H12N4）2SO4.4H20（NSH-HMTA） （HMTA, hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4）, has been synthesized and its single crystals were obtained. NSH-HMTA belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.2534（6）, b = 13.3131（2）, c = 16.0373（2） A, α = 65.981（6）, β = 89.792（3）, γ = 89.677（4）°, Mr= 880.2, Z = 2, V= 1804.6（3） A3, μ = 1.254 mm-1, F（000） = 932, R = 0.0555 （1 〉 2σ（I）） and wR = 0.1908 for 19343 observed reflections. HMTA substitutes for water molecules are located at the para-positions, forming a stretching octahedral nickel ion unit. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows that the dehydration temperature of NSH-HMTA is about 92℃. The characteristic UV peaks are approximately 10 nm red-shifted by the absorption of octahedral HMTA complex ion units.展开更多
A new complex,Co（0.5）Ni（0.5）（C2H6N2O）6SO4（Ⅰ）, was synthesized and its single crystal was obtained from aqueous solution by evaporating solvent slowly. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the complex b...A new complex,Co（0.5）Ni（0.5）（C2H6N2O）6SO4（Ⅰ）, was synthesized and its single crystal was obtained from aqueous solution by evaporating solvent slowly. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the complex belongs to trigonal system, space group R-3c, with a = b = 10.999（2） A, c = 40.439（13） A, V = 4237（2）A3, Z = 6, Dc = 1.410 g/cm3, Mr = 599.41, μ = 0.785 mm-1, F（000） = 1893, the final R = 0.0330 and wR = 0.0926（I 〉 2σ（I））. IR spectrum and compositional analyses（elemental analyzer and ICP） were used to characterize the composition of the product. TGA（Thermal Gravimetric Analysis） showed that complex Ⅰ remained stable until it is heated up to 200 ℃, indicating its good thermostability. The main transmission peak of complex Ⅰ in UV-Vis spectrum appeared at 290 nm, making it an eligible material for ultraviolet light filters（ULF）.展开更多
文摘Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guideli
基金The research is part of the Sino-German MEGAPOL project,which is financed by State Ocean Administration(SOA)in China and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF,03F0786A)in Germany.
文摘This study aimed to identify stable indicator contaminants of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)to trace the anthropogenic fingerprint of the Pearl River plume in the coastal waters of the northern South China Sea.40 PPCPs were under investigation,of which 14 were detected along the Pearl River Estuary and 4 on the shelf of the northern South China Sea.Results show that caffeine,metoprolol,diclofenac,and carbamazepine can be utilized to detect the human impact.They are diluted along the Pearl River,as their concentrations decrease from low salinity towards high salinity.Sulfonamide antibiotics and trimethoprim are suitable to determine the veterinary and human impact.Their highest concentrations were detected along the river yet still in low saline water whereas,the origin of the organic UV-filter is diverse.Their source could not be precisely determined.Only caffeine,metoprolol,octocrylene,and PBSA were detected at the near-coastal stations in the South China Sea.They can be utilized as suitable indicators to detect an anthropogenic impact on the northern South China Sea.The detected concentrations are of low risk to organisms in the Pearl River and the northern South China Sea.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A new coordination compound, Ni（C6H12N4）2SO4.4H20（NSH-HMTA） （HMTA, hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4）, has been synthesized and its single crystals were obtained. NSH-HMTA belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.2534（6）, b = 13.3131（2）, c = 16.0373（2） A, α = 65.981（6）, β = 89.792（3）, γ = 89.677（4）°, Mr= 880.2, Z = 2, V= 1804.6（3） A3, μ = 1.254 mm-1, F（000） = 932, R = 0.0555 （1 〉 2σ（I）） and wR = 0.1908 for 19343 observed reflections. HMTA substitutes for water molecules are located at the para-positions, forming a stretching octahedral nickel ion unit. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows that the dehydration temperature of NSH-HMTA is about 92℃. The characteristic UV peaks are approximately 10 nm red-shifted by the absorption of octahedral HMTA complex ion units.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A new complex,Co（0.5）Ni（0.5）（C2H6N2O）6SO4（Ⅰ）, was synthesized and its single crystal was obtained from aqueous solution by evaporating solvent slowly. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the complex belongs to trigonal system, space group R-3c, with a = b = 10.999（2） A, c = 40.439（13） A, V = 4237（2）A3, Z = 6, Dc = 1.410 g/cm3, Mr = 599.41, μ = 0.785 mm-1, F（000） = 1893, the final R = 0.0330 and wR = 0.0926（I 〉 2σ（I））. IR spectrum and compositional analyses（elemental analyzer and ICP） were used to characterize the composition of the product. TGA（Thermal Gravimetric Analysis） showed that complex Ⅰ remained stable until it is heated up to 200 ℃, indicating its good thermostability. The main transmission peak of complex Ⅰ in UV-Vis spectrum appeared at 290 nm, making it an eligible material for ultraviolet light filters（ULF）.
基金The financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China （No. 10835008） and State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion （SKLCC） in-house project （No. 2008BWZ011） were highly acknowledged.
