In many metazoan species, germ cell formation requires the germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm which often con-tains electron dense structures. Genes required for germ cell formation in Drosophila have been isolated p...In many metazoan species, germ cell formation requires the germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm which often con-tains electron dense structures. Genes required for germ cell formation in Drosophila have been isolated predominantlyin screens for maternal-effect mutations. One such gene is tudor (tud); without proper tud function germ cell formationdoes not occur. Unlike other genes involved in Drosophila germ cell specification tud is dispensable for other somaticfunctions such as abdominal patterning. It is not known how TUD contributes at a molecular level to germ cell forma-tion but in tud mutants, polar granule formation is severely compromised, and mitochondrially encoded ribosomal RNAsdo not localize to the polar granule. TUD is composed of 11 repeats of the protein motif called the Tudor domain. Thereare similar proteins to TUD in the germ line of other metazoan species including mice. Probable vertebrate orthologuesof Drosophila genes involved in germ cell specification will be discussed.展开更多
The accession of the Tudor dynasty to the English throne marked England’s transition into the modern age and a confrontation with new challenges both in culture and politics.The growth of a new wealthy middle class b...The accession of the Tudor dynasty to the English throne marked England’s transition into the modern age and a confrontation with new challenges both in culture and politics.The growth of a new wealthy middle class brought about confusion and disorder,threatening the superiority of an aristocracy that had stood the test of time.Throughout the Elizabethan age,when luxurious clothes signified social position and declared an aspiration of rank,apparel proved to be the medium through which such confusion became evident.Moral righteousness was the real concern for both Church and State:homilies against excess in apparel were read in churches,calling for sobriety as a virtue indispensable to the salvation of the soul.Urged through necessity and by preachers like Philippe Stubbes,Elizabeth I’s Parliament passed sumptuary proclamations to restrict clothing and impose social order on the basis of economic income.Convinced that costly attire was a cause of poverty and crime,Elizabeth’s proclamations on apparel were,with the exception of the law passed in 1559,based on Henry VIII’s law of 1533,but were no longer negative or prohibitive in character,simply establishing what the people had to do and wear.展开更多
Tudor dynasty was a transitional period from feudalism to capitalism and was considered as a golden age in the history of British absolute monarchy.During this period,the language English has changed,and the linguisti...Tudor dynasty was a transitional period from feudalism to capitalism and was considered as a golden age in the history of British absolute monarchy.During this period,the language English has changed,and the linguistic and cultural characteristics for the great changes with the help of early English communication corpus are worthy of further discussion.展开更多
Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathwa...Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway.Several studies have suggested the rapid evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages with striking reproductive diversity.However,there is still limited information about the function and evolution of Tdrd genes in teleost species.In this study,through genome wide screening,13 Tdrd family genes were identified in economically important aquaculture fish,including spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus),Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer),and tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).With copy number,structure,phylogeny,and synteny analysis,duplication of Tdrd6 and Tdrd7,as well as loss of Stk31 and Tdrd10,were characterized in teleost lineages.Codon based molecular evolution analysis indicated faster evolution of teleost Tdrd genes than that in mammals,potentially associated with the accelerated evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages.The evolutionary diversity of Tdrd genes was also detected between different teleost lineages.RNA-seq analysis showed that most teleost Tdrd genes were dominantly expressed in gonads,particularly highly expressed in testis,such as Tdrd6,Tdrd7a,Tdrd9,Ecat8,and Tdrd15.The varied expression and evolutionary pattern between the duplicated Tdrd6 and Tdrd7 in teleosts may indicate their functional diversification.All these results suggest a conserved function of teleost Tdrd family in gametogenesis and the piRNA pathway,which could lay a foundation for the evolution of Tdrd genes and be helpful for further deciphering of Tdrd functions in teleosts.展开更多
Why the court of admiralty of England reached its peak during the Tudor period is a long-standing issue in academic circles,and it is necessary to clarify the attribute of the Court of Admiralty before answering this ...Why the court of admiralty of England reached its peak during the Tudor period is a long-standing issue in academic circles,and it is necessary to clarify the attribute of the Court of Admiralty before answering this question.A comprehensive inspection of the admirals,judges of admiralty courts’patents,and statutes of the realm during the Tudor period reveals that,on the one hand,the court of admiralty passed the substantive admirals’judicial privileges,the typification of court of admiralty orders,and the autonomy of trial and enforcement privileges.On the other hand,on the basic of maritime upstarts,the court of admiralty,got rid of the control of the royal power and became an independent force in the English judicial system.The substantively operating independently court of admiralty may be the first comprehensive national judicial institution established in England in the early modern period.展开更多
In the present study, the interaction of human p100 protein with signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6) was investigated. It was proved that the staphylococcal nuclease (SN)-like and tudor (TD) do...In the present study, the interaction of human p100 protein with signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6) was investigated. It was proved that the staphylococcal nuclease (SN)-like and tudor (TD) domains containing in p100 protein acting as a adaptor to recruit STAT-6 to the basal transcription machinery, enhanced the STAT-6 mediated transcription activity. The interaction between STAT-6 and the p100 protein was mediated by the full-length of the SN-like domain, whereas individual fragments of SN-like domain showed no binding activity to STAT-6. In line with these results, the SN-like domain was directly engaged in the enhancement of STAT-6 mediated activation of gene transcription in vivo. Yet the TD domain had no ability to increase the transcription activation, but it was still required for the sufficient activation of transcription.展开更多
文摘In many metazoan species, germ cell formation requires the germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm which often con-tains electron dense structures. Genes required for germ cell formation in Drosophila have been isolated predominantlyin screens for maternal-effect mutations. One such gene is tudor (tud); without proper tud function germ cell formationdoes not occur. Unlike other genes involved in Drosophila germ cell specification tud is dispensable for other somaticfunctions such as abdominal patterning. It is not known how TUD contributes at a molecular level to germ cell forma-tion but in tud mutants, polar granule formation is severely compromised, and mitochondrially encoded ribosomal RNAsdo not localize to the polar granule. TUD is composed of 11 repeats of the protein motif called the Tudor domain. Thereare similar proteins to TUD in the germ line of other metazoan species including mice. Probable vertebrate orthologuesof Drosophila genes involved in germ cell specification will be discussed.
文摘The accession of the Tudor dynasty to the English throne marked England’s transition into the modern age and a confrontation with new challenges both in culture and politics.The growth of a new wealthy middle class brought about confusion and disorder,threatening the superiority of an aristocracy that had stood the test of time.Throughout the Elizabethan age,when luxurious clothes signified social position and declared an aspiration of rank,apparel proved to be the medium through which such confusion became evident.Moral righteousness was the real concern for both Church and State:homilies against excess in apparel were read in churches,calling for sobriety as a virtue indispensable to the salvation of the soul.Urged through necessity and by preachers like Philippe Stubbes,Elizabeth I’s Parliament passed sumptuary proclamations to restrict clothing and impose social order on the basis of economic income.Convinced that costly attire was a cause of poverty and crime,Elizabeth’s proclamations on apparel were,with the exception of the law passed in 1559,based on Henry VIII’s law of 1533,but were no longer negative or prohibitive in character,simply establishing what the people had to do and wear.
文摘Tudor dynasty was a transitional period from feudalism to capitalism and was considered as a golden age in the history of British absolute monarchy.During this period,the language English has changed,and the linguistic and cultural characteristics for the great changes with the help of early English communication corpus are worthy of further discussion.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31702331)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G06)National Infrastructure of Fishery Germplasm Resources.
文摘Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway.Several studies have suggested the rapid evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages with striking reproductive diversity.However,there is still limited information about the function and evolution of Tdrd genes in teleost species.In this study,through genome wide screening,13 Tdrd family genes were identified in economically important aquaculture fish,including spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus),Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer),and tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).With copy number,structure,phylogeny,and synteny analysis,duplication of Tdrd6 and Tdrd7,as well as loss of Stk31 and Tdrd10,were characterized in teleost lineages.Codon based molecular evolution analysis indicated faster evolution of teleost Tdrd genes than that in mammals,potentially associated with the accelerated evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages.The evolutionary diversity of Tdrd genes was also detected between different teleost lineages.RNA-seq analysis showed that most teleost Tdrd genes were dominantly expressed in gonads,particularly highly expressed in testis,such as Tdrd6,Tdrd7a,Tdrd9,Ecat8,and Tdrd15.The varied expression and evolutionary pattern between the duplicated Tdrd6 and Tdrd7 in teleosts may indicate their functional diversification.All these results suggest a conserved function of teleost Tdrd family in gametogenesis and the piRNA pathway,which could lay a foundation for the evolution of Tdrd genes and be helpful for further deciphering of Tdrd functions in teleosts.
文摘Why the court of admiralty of England reached its peak during the Tudor period is a long-standing issue in academic circles,and it is necessary to clarify the attribute of the Court of Admiralty before answering this question.A comprehensive inspection of the admirals,judges of admiralty courts’patents,and statutes of the realm during the Tudor period reveals that,on the one hand,the court of admiralty passed the substantive admirals’judicial privileges,the typification of court of admiralty orders,and the autonomy of trial and enforcement privileges.On the other hand,on the basic of maritime upstarts,the court of admiralty,got rid of the control of the royal power and became an independent force in the English judicial system.The substantively operating independently court of admiralty may be the first comprehensive national judicial institution established in England in the early modern period.
文摘In the present study, the interaction of human p100 protein with signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6) was investigated. It was proved that the staphylococcal nuclease (SN)-like and tudor (TD) domains containing in p100 protein acting as a adaptor to recruit STAT-6 to the basal transcription machinery, enhanced the STAT-6 mediated transcription activity. The interaction between STAT-6 and the p100 protein was mediated by the full-length of the SN-like domain, whereas individual fragments of SN-like domain showed no binding activity to STAT-6. In line with these results, the SN-like domain was directly engaged in the enhancement of STAT-6 mediated activation of gene transcription in vivo. Yet the TD domain had no ability to increase the transcription activation, but it was still required for the sufficient activation of transcription.
