利用常规资料和海口多普勒雷达资料对2004-2014年海南岛出现的22次冰雹过程进行统计分析。结果表明:海南岛冰雹均出现在春季;冰雹落区集中在东方-琼中-琼海一线的五指山以北地区;按照影响系统可分为西南低压槽Ⅰ型、西南低压槽Ⅱ型、东...利用常规资料和海口多普勒雷达资料对2004-2014年海南岛出现的22次冰雹过程进行统计分析。结果表明:海南岛冰雹均出现在春季;冰雹落区集中在东方-琼中-琼海一线的五指山以北地区;按照影响系统可分为西南低压槽Ⅰ型、西南低压槽Ⅱ型、东路冷空气型和西路冷空气型;西南低压槽Ⅰ型冰雹落区在儋州和澄迈,西南低压槽Ⅱ型落区较分散,二者出现的时间集中在14:00-17:00;冷空气型冰雹发生时间与锋面到达时间密切相关,西路冷空气型冰雹落区集中在东方和昌江,东路冷空气型则在海口、临高和文昌;西南低压槽Ⅰ型湿层可达对流层上层,具有强热力条件,触发机制为海陆风辐合线;西南低压槽Ⅱ型和冷空气型600-500 h Pa有明显干区,边界层华南沿海至海南岛北部地区有冷式切变;0℃层高度集中在4.3-5.1 km,-20℃层高度为7.6-8.4 km;冰雹直径与低层垂直风切变大小有一定的正相关;直径大于等于20 mm的大冰雹△T850-500≥27℃;基于海口多普勒雷达提炼的海南岛冰雹临近预报指标为最大组合反射率CR≥55 d BZ,50 d BZ强回波高度达到-20℃层,最大垂直液态水含量VIL值≥60 kg·m-2,回波顶高ET≥15km。展开更多
The outdoor thermal environment might become worse than at present. It causes health injuries through the deterioration of the outdoor thermal condition. It is necessary to study how humans stay outdoors and adjust to...The outdoor thermal environment might become worse than at present. It causes health injuries through the deterioration of the outdoor thermal condition. It is necessary to study how humans stay outdoors and adjust to thermal conditions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the outdoor tropical urban thermal environment on a subject who has been acclimatized to the environment studied using the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe. In addition, the tendency of human impacts was clarified through comparison to subjects from a temperate thermal environment region. As a result, it was found that an ETFe of up to 35°C could be recognized as a temperate thermal environment. However, when the ETFe was greater than 40°C, the subject could not tolerate the environment. There was not a significant difference of psychological reaction between Thai people, who were acclimatized to the tropical climate, and Japanese people, who were acclimatized to the temperate climate.展开更多
Forty-eight samples are chosen to discuss the distribution in space and time of the cooling fluctuation events during Holocene in the tropical zone of China in this paper. The authors consider that the Neoglaciations ...Forty-eight samples are chosen to discuss the distribution in space and time of the cooling fluctuation events during Holocene in the tropical zone of China in this paper. The authors consider that the Neoglaciations II and III (or Cooling Event) have a widespread impact on the drop in temperature of 1–2 °C or less than 2 °C. The YD Event was dated at 11,300-10,200 a BP in the tropical mainland and its dating is 11,400-10,500 a BP in the sea area with a drop in temperature of 4–6 °C. The distribution of Event B and Neoglaciation I is taking a position of north, with a drop in temperature of 2.5–3.0 °C. The Cooling Event shows the temporality in time. The Cooling Event shows the limitation of regional distribution with a drop in temperature of less than 1.5°C. The more recent the cooling event is, the smaller the drop amplitude in temperature will be. In the eastern part of tropical zone seven events are complete in all varieties but the cooling fluctuation is weaker in the western part. In Hainan Island and South China Sea the appearance of cooling fluctuations is synchronous with each other.展开更多
文摘利用常规资料和海口多普勒雷达资料对2004-2014年海南岛出现的22次冰雹过程进行统计分析。结果表明:海南岛冰雹均出现在春季;冰雹落区集中在东方-琼中-琼海一线的五指山以北地区;按照影响系统可分为西南低压槽Ⅰ型、西南低压槽Ⅱ型、东路冷空气型和西路冷空气型;西南低压槽Ⅰ型冰雹落区在儋州和澄迈,西南低压槽Ⅱ型落区较分散,二者出现的时间集中在14:00-17:00;冷空气型冰雹发生时间与锋面到达时间密切相关,西路冷空气型冰雹落区集中在东方和昌江,东路冷空气型则在海口、临高和文昌;西南低压槽Ⅰ型湿层可达对流层上层,具有强热力条件,触发机制为海陆风辐合线;西南低压槽Ⅱ型和冷空气型600-500 h Pa有明显干区,边界层华南沿海至海南岛北部地区有冷式切变;0℃层高度集中在4.3-5.1 km,-20℃层高度为7.6-8.4 km;冰雹直径与低层垂直风切变大小有一定的正相关;直径大于等于20 mm的大冰雹△T850-500≥27℃;基于海口多普勒雷达提炼的海南岛冰雹临近预报指标为最大组合反射率CR≥55 d BZ,50 d BZ强回波高度达到-20℃层,最大垂直液态水含量VIL值≥60 kg·m-2,回波顶高ET≥15km。
文摘The outdoor thermal environment might become worse than at present. It causes health injuries through the deterioration of the outdoor thermal condition. It is necessary to study how humans stay outdoors and adjust to thermal conditions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the outdoor tropical urban thermal environment on a subject who has been acclimatized to the environment studied using the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe. In addition, the tendency of human impacts was clarified through comparison to subjects from a temperate thermal environment region. As a result, it was found that an ETFe of up to 35°C could be recognized as a temperate thermal environment. However, when the ETFe was greater than 40°C, the subject could not tolerate the environment. There was not a significant difference of psychological reaction between Thai people, who were acclimatized to the tropical climate, and Japanese people, who were acclimatized to the temperate climate.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.49771010No. 49271070
文摘Forty-eight samples are chosen to discuss the distribution in space and time of the cooling fluctuation events during Holocene in the tropical zone of China in this paper. The authors consider that the Neoglaciations II and III (or Cooling Event) have a widespread impact on the drop in temperature of 1–2 °C or less than 2 °C. The YD Event was dated at 11,300-10,200 a BP in the tropical mainland and its dating is 11,400-10,500 a BP in the sea area with a drop in temperature of 4–6 °C. The distribution of Event B and Neoglaciation I is taking a position of north, with a drop in temperature of 2.5–3.0 °C. The Cooling Event shows the temporality in time. The Cooling Event shows the limitation of regional distribution with a drop in temperature of less than 1.5°C. The more recent the cooling event is, the smaller the drop amplitude in temperature will be. In the eastern part of tropical zone seven events are complete in all varieties but the cooling fluctuation is weaker in the western part. In Hainan Island and South China Sea the appearance of cooling fluctuations is synchronous with each other.
