As one of the most widely distributed and highly conserved transcription factors in eukaryotes,basic leucine zipper proteins(bZIPs)are involved in a variety of biological processes in plants,but they are largely unkno...As one of the most widely distributed and highly conserved transcription factors in eukaryotes,basic leucine zipper proteins(bZIPs)are involved in a variety of biological processes in plants,but they are largely unknown in citrus.In this study,56 bZIP family members were identified genome-wide from an important citrus rootstock,namely trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata L.Raf.),and these putative bZIPs were named PtbZIP1—PtbZIP56.All PtbZIPs were classified into 13 subgroups by phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs(AtbZIPs),and they were randomly distributed on nine known(50 genes)chromosomes and one unknown(6 genes)chromosome.Sequence analysis revealed the detailed characteristics of PtPZIPs,including their amino acid length,isoelectric point(pI),molecular weight(MW),predicted subcellular localization,gene structure,and conserved motifs.Prediction of promoter elements suggested the presence of drought,low-temperature,wound,and defense and stress responsive elements,as well as multiple hormone-responsive cis-acting elements.Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed the transcriptional patterns of PtbZIPs in different tissues and under dehydration,high salt,ABA,and IAA treatments.In addition,21 PtbZIPs were predicted to have direct or indirect protein—protein interactions.Among these,PtbZIP49 was experimentally proven to interact with PtbZIP1 or PtbZIP11 by using a yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC).Subcellular localization analysis further revealed that PtbZIP1,PtbZIP11,and PtbZIP49 were localized in the nucleus.Moreover,PtbZIP49 was functionally identified as having an important role in salt stress via ectopic expression in A.thaliana and silenced in trifoliate orange using virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).This study provided comprehensive information on PtbZIP transcription factors in citrus and highlights their potential functions in abiotic stress.展开更多
Forsythia fructus has been shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-aging and whitening effects. Hoechunyangkyeok-san (Forsythia viridissima-prescription) is a traditional herbal medicine, w...Forsythia fructus has been shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-aging and whitening effects. Hoechunyangkyeok-san (Forsythia viridissima-prescription) is a traditional herbal medicine, which has been clinically used for treating febrile and inflammatory disorders. This work was carried out to investigate the skin whitening effects of Forsythia viridissima-prescription extract (a hydrolyzed extract of Hoechunyangkyeok-san: SID White HYC) on skin. The effects of SID White HYC were assessed the melanin contents in B161 melanoma cells and the pigmented equivalent with HMB45 and Fontana Masson staining in 3D skin model. Then, we examined the expression of major pigment enzymes regulating melanin synthesis and melanosome transport related proteins in B16F1 cells. SID White HYC significantly inhibited the melanin synthesis (56.7% and 30.6% inhibition at 100 μg/mL, intracellular and secreted, respectively) in B16F1 cells and 3D skin model. In addition, western blotting analysis showed that SID White HYC reduced the expression of melanin synthesis and melanosome transport related proteins in B16F1 cells. In clinical trials, the cream containing 0.05% SID White HYC showed skin depigmentation effect without any irritation. These results suggest that SID White HYC may be useful inhibition of melanogenesis and melanosome transport. Therefore, SID White HYC may have potential as a skin-whitening ingredient in cosmetics.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of 21 Citrus interstocks and the control Citrus macrophylla rootstock budded with Mexican lime （Citrus aurantifolia （Chistm.） Swingle） on growth and yield. Three ...This study was carried out to determine the effect of 21 Citrus interstocks and the control Citrus macrophylla rootstock budded with Mexican lime （Citrus aurantifolia （Chistm.） Swingle） on growth and yield. Three types of mandarin and 13 trifoliate types including ＂C-35＂ and ＂Benton＂ used as interstocks, developed vigorous trees similar or more productive than the control. ＂Morton＂ and ＂Benecke＂ citranges, ＂Pomeroy＂ trifoliate trifoliate orange and the ＂Severinia buxifolia＂ interstocks showed a moderated effect on tree growth. Flying dragon （FDT） and Hiryu trifoliate oranges performed as semi-dwarfing interstocks. These interstocks reduced the tree height, canopy volume and surface area covered by the foliage on 25%-35%, 20%-30% and 20%-30%, respectively, compared to the control. While most interstocks surpassed the assigned area of growth （24 m2） in the 7th year, ＂FDT＂ and ＂Hiryu＂ did that at the 10th year. These semi-dwarfing interstocks produced up to 80 kg/tree per year. Most treatments recorded the highest production from the 8th to 10th year, except FDT and Hiryu, which showed the highest yield （130 kg/tree） from the 5th to 7th year. This study provides useful results to face the huanglongbing （HLB） problem using moderate or semi-dwarfing interstocks for Mexican lime orchards in high density plantations.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072550,31902084)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000300)。
文摘As one of the most widely distributed and highly conserved transcription factors in eukaryotes,basic leucine zipper proteins(bZIPs)are involved in a variety of biological processes in plants,but they are largely unknown in citrus.In this study,56 bZIP family members were identified genome-wide from an important citrus rootstock,namely trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata L.Raf.),and these putative bZIPs were named PtbZIP1—PtbZIP56.All PtbZIPs were classified into 13 subgroups by phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs(AtbZIPs),and they were randomly distributed on nine known(50 genes)chromosomes and one unknown(6 genes)chromosome.Sequence analysis revealed the detailed characteristics of PtPZIPs,including their amino acid length,isoelectric point(pI),molecular weight(MW),predicted subcellular localization,gene structure,and conserved motifs.Prediction of promoter elements suggested the presence of drought,low-temperature,wound,and defense and stress responsive elements,as well as multiple hormone-responsive cis-acting elements.Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed the transcriptional patterns of PtbZIPs in different tissues and under dehydration,high salt,ABA,and IAA treatments.In addition,21 PtbZIPs were predicted to have direct or indirect protein—protein interactions.Among these,PtbZIP49 was experimentally proven to interact with PtbZIP1 or PtbZIP11 by using a yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC).Subcellular localization analysis further revealed that PtbZIP1,PtbZIP11,and PtbZIP49 were localized in the nucleus.Moreover,PtbZIP49 was functionally identified as having an important role in salt stress via ectopic expression in A.thaliana and silenced in trifoliate orange using virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).This study provided comprehensive information on PtbZIP transcription factors in citrus and highlights their potential functions in abiotic stress.
文摘Forsythia fructus has been shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-aging and whitening effects. Hoechunyangkyeok-san (Forsythia viridissima-prescription) is a traditional herbal medicine, which has been clinically used for treating febrile and inflammatory disorders. This work was carried out to investigate the skin whitening effects of Forsythia viridissima-prescription extract (a hydrolyzed extract of Hoechunyangkyeok-san: SID White HYC) on skin. The effects of SID White HYC were assessed the melanin contents in B161 melanoma cells and the pigmented equivalent with HMB45 and Fontana Masson staining in 3D skin model. Then, we examined the expression of major pigment enzymes regulating melanin synthesis and melanosome transport related proteins in B16F1 cells. SID White HYC significantly inhibited the melanin synthesis (56.7% and 30.6% inhibition at 100 μg/mL, intracellular and secreted, respectively) in B16F1 cells and 3D skin model. In addition, western blotting analysis showed that SID White HYC reduced the expression of melanin synthesis and melanosome transport related proteins in B16F1 cells. In clinical trials, the cream containing 0.05% SID White HYC showed skin depigmentation effect without any irritation. These results suggest that SID White HYC may be useful inhibition of melanogenesis and melanosome transport. Therefore, SID White HYC may have potential as a skin-whitening ingredient in cosmetics.
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of 21 Citrus interstocks and the control Citrus macrophylla rootstock budded with Mexican lime （Citrus aurantifolia （Chistm.） Swingle） on growth and yield. Three types of mandarin and 13 trifoliate types including ＂C-35＂ and ＂Benton＂ used as interstocks, developed vigorous trees similar or more productive than the control. ＂Morton＂ and ＂Benecke＂ citranges, ＂Pomeroy＂ trifoliate trifoliate orange and the ＂Severinia buxifolia＂ interstocks showed a moderated effect on tree growth. Flying dragon （FDT） and Hiryu trifoliate oranges performed as semi-dwarfing interstocks. These interstocks reduced the tree height, canopy volume and surface area covered by the foliage on 25%-35%, 20%-30% and 20%-30%, respectively, compared to the control. While most interstocks surpassed the assigned area of growth （24 m2） in the 7th year, ＂FDT＂ and ＂Hiryu＂ did that at the 10th year. These semi-dwarfing interstocks produced up to 80 kg/tree per year. Most treatments recorded the highest production from the 8th to 10th year, except FDT and Hiryu, which showed the highest yield （130 kg/tree） from the 5th to 7th year. This study provides useful results to face the huanglongbing （HLB） problem using moderate or semi-dwarfing interstocks for Mexican lime orchards in high density plantations.
文摘从八月扎(FructusAkebiae)中分离出13个化合物,并进行了分离纯化和结构鉴定,分别为1 monostearin(1),2 monoolein(2),1 monoolein(3),棕榈酸(4),1 acetyl 3 olein(5),1 acetyl 3 linoleoyin(6),β 谷甾醇(7),β 胡萝卜甙(8),常春藤皂甙元 3 O β 葡萄吡喃糖甙(9),常春藤皂甙元 28 β D 葡萄吡喃糖甙(10),常春藤皂甙元 3 O β D吡喃木糖基(1→2) α L 阿拉伯吡喃糖(11),常春藤皂甙元 3 O α L 吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2) α L 阿拉伯吡喃糖甙(12),常春藤皂甙元 3 O β D 葡萄糖吡喃基(1→2) α L 吡喃鼠李糖基(1→3) α L 吡喃木糖基甙(13).其中化合物1～6,9,10,12,13为首次从该植物中分离得到.
