The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analys...The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.展开更多
[目的]分析黄河流域NDVI时空变化特征,探究NDVI变化对气候和人类活动的响应机制,为制定合理的生态工程提供科学依据,为实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供保障。[方法]基于MODIS NDVI数据,辅以降水和气温数据,采用一元线性趋势分析、...[目的]分析黄河流域NDVI时空变化特征,探究NDVI变化对气候和人类活动的响应机制,为制定合理的生态工程提供科学依据,为实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供保障。[方法]基于MODIS NDVI数据,辅以降水和气温数据,采用一元线性趋势分析、Hurst指数、偏相关分析及残差分析方法,对2000—2018年黄河流域NDVI时空变化特征进行分析,并探讨了NDVI变化对气候和人类活动的双重响应。[结果](1)黄河流域NDVI呈现波动增加趋势,总增速为6.8%/10 a, NDVI在东南部及西部较高,北部及西北部较低,由东南向西北部减少,下游最高,中游次之,上游最低;整体上,以东亚季风生态地理区和西北干旱生态地理区界线(鄂尔多斯市—毛乌素沙地—庆阳市—平凉市—定西市)和青藏高原生态地理区和西北干旱生态地理区及东亚季风生态地理区界线(西宁市—甘南市—定西市)为界呈Ⅴ字型分布。(2)NDVI整体变化趋势以改善为主,反持续性强于持续性,且表现出较强的弱持续性,其中改善区约占62.32%,主要呈带状集中分布。在中上游地区,在鄂尔多斯市—毛乌素沙地—庆阳市—平凉市—定西市—西宁市—甘南市、太原盆地—临汾盆地—关中平原及运城盆地—三门峡两两界线间的条带区域基本为改善区,而退化区域以中下游为主,呈零散分布。(3)NDVI与降水和气温呈正相关,且与降水的偏相关强度稍大于气温,流域约76.7%的地区NDVI残差呈增长的趋势,人类活动整体对NDVI增加的影响以促进为主,促进作用大小顺序为:中游>上游>下游。[结论]黄河流域NDVI变化受气候和人类活动共同影响,具有空间异质性,适度的生态工程及农业生产活动对植被恢复有重要作用。展开更多
分析近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势特征,旨在为下一阶段非点源污染研究提供技术参考。从Web of Science核心合集得到1990—2016年所有非点源污染研究文献,然后进行聚焦分析,确定主要文献来源,对比中外学者H指数。通过CiteSpace的关键...分析近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势特征,旨在为下一阶段非点源污染研究提供技术参考。从Web of Science核心合集得到1990—2016年所有非点源污染研究文献,然后进行聚焦分析,确定主要文献来源,对比中外学者H指数。通过CiteSpace的关键词共现网络分析和文献共被引网络分析功能,识别了1990—2016年间三个主要阶段的核心关键词(作者关键词与扩展关键词)的变化,梳理了主要的共被引参考文献,得到非点源污染研究领域发展趋势和知识基础特征。国外和国内非点源污染的最早文献分别在1975年和1992年,1990年后全球范围内非点源相关研究快速发展,中国学者的研究在2005年后发展迅速。中外学者的H指数差距有减小趋势,中国学者在全球非点源污染研究领域的相对影响力不断提升。关键词分布中"流域"与"管理"逐渐凸显,"SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)"、"中国"、"气候变化"词频进入前30位。研究内容方面,非点源污染研究从点位尺度的观测过渡到流域尺度水质变化、氮磷污染输出规律、模型应用,基于GIS(Geographic information system)空间分析的水文模型在流域尺度的模拟、优化和运用,是非点源污染控制与评估的基础。随着研究的深入,流域尺度的精细管理、非点源污染模型开发与耦合、气候变化效应近期受到更多关注。对1990—2016年间高被引文献特征进行梳理分析可知,高被引文献涉及主题广泛,其中中国学者也有明显贡献,表明中国学者逐步成为非点源污染研究的主力。展开更多
基金Thanks are given to two anonymous reviewers.This study is supported by the State Key Basic Development Planning Project(Grant No.2006CB400504)the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX3-SW-229)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40375028).
文摘The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.
文摘[目的]分析黄河流域NDVI时空变化特征,探究NDVI变化对气候和人类活动的响应机制,为制定合理的生态工程提供科学依据,为实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供保障。[方法]基于MODIS NDVI数据,辅以降水和气温数据,采用一元线性趋势分析、Hurst指数、偏相关分析及残差分析方法,对2000—2018年黄河流域NDVI时空变化特征进行分析,并探讨了NDVI变化对气候和人类活动的双重响应。[结果](1)黄河流域NDVI呈现波动增加趋势,总增速为6.8%/10 a, NDVI在东南部及西部较高,北部及西北部较低,由东南向西北部减少,下游最高,中游次之,上游最低;整体上,以东亚季风生态地理区和西北干旱生态地理区界线(鄂尔多斯市—毛乌素沙地—庆阳市—平凉市—定西市)和青藏高原生态地理区和西北干旱生态地理区及东亚季风生态地理区界线(西宁市—甘南市—定西市)为界呈Ⅴ字型分布。(2)NDVI整体变化趋势以改善为主,反持续性强于持续性,且表现出较强的弱持续性,其中改善区约占62.32%,主要呈带状集中分布。在中上游地区,在鄂尔多斯市—毛乌素沙地—庆阳市—平凉市—定西市—西宁市—甘南市、太原盆地—临汾盆地—关中平原及运城盆地—三门峡两两界线间的条带区域基本为改善区,而退化区域以中下游为主,呈零散分布。(3)NDVI与降水和气温呈正相关,且与降水的偏相关强度稍大于气温,流域约76.7%的地区NDVI残差呈增长的趋势,人类活动整体对NDVI增加的影响以促进为主,促进作用大小顺序为:中游>上游>下游。[结论]黄河流域NDVI变化受气候和人类活动共同影响,具有空间异质性,适度的生态工程及农业生产活动对植被恢复有重要作用。
文摘分析近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势特征,旨在为下一阶段非点源污染研究提供技术参考。从Web of Science核心合集得到1990—2016年所有非点源污染研究文献,然后进行聚焦分析,确定主要文献来源,对比中外学者H指数。通过CiteSpace的关键词共现网络分析和文献共被引网络分析功能,识别了1990—2016年间三个主要阶段的核心关键词(作者关键词与扩展关键词)的变化,梳理了主要的共被引参考文献,得到非点源污染研究领域发展趋势和知识基础特征。国外和国内非点源污染的最早文献分别在1975年和1992年,1990年后全球范围内非点源相关研究快速发展,中国学者的研究在2005年后发展迅速。中外学者的H指数差距有减小趋势,中国学者在全球非点源污染研究领域的相对影响力不断提升。关键词分布中"流域"与"管理"逐渐凸显,"SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)"、"中国"、"气候变化"词频进入前30位。研究内容方面,非点源污染研究从点位尺度的观测过渡到流域尺度水质变化、氮磷污染输出规律、模型应用,基于GIS(Geographic information system)空间分析的水文模型在流域尺度的模拟、优化和运用,是非点源污染控制与评估的基础。随着研究的深入,流域尺度的精细管理、非点源污染模型开发与耦合、气候变化效应近期受到更多关注。对1990—2016年间高被引文献特征进行梳理分析可知,高被引文献涉及主题广泛,其中中国学者也有明显贡献,表明中国学者逐步成为非点源污染研究的主力。
