Vehicular traffic is a hard problem in big cities. Internal combustion vehicles are the main fossil fuel consumers and frame the main source of urban air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and vo...Vehicular traffic is a hard problem in big cities. Internal combustion vehicles are the main fossil fuel consumers and frame the main source of urban air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Vehicular traffic is also a promoter of climate change due to its greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO and CO2. Awareness of the spatiotemporal distribution of urban traffic, including the velocity distribution, allows knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of the air pollutant vehicular emissions required to understand urban air pollution. Although no well-established traffic theory exists, some models and approaches, like cellular automata, have been proposed to study the main aspects of this phenomenon. In this paper, a simple approach for estimating the space-time distribution of the air pollutant emission rates in traffic cellular automata is proposed. It is discussed with the Fukui-Ishibashi (FI) and Nagel-Schreckenberg (NS) models for traffic flow of identical vehicles in a single lane. We obtained the steady-state emission rates of the FI and NS models, being larger those produced by the first one, with relative differences of up to 45% in hydrocarbons, 56% in carbon monoxide, and 77% in nitrogen oxides.展开更多
为了科学有效地支持城市化机动化进程中交通治污治堵一体化工作,研究建立了交通指数与基于车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)的机动车污染物排放相关联的分析方法,通过分析交通指数与微观车辆行程速度分布的一致性规律,利用海量...为了科学有效地支持城市化机动化进程中交通治污治堵一体化工作,研究建立了交通指数与基于车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)的机动车污染物排放相关联的分析方法,通过分析交通指数与微观车辆行程速度分布的一致性规律,利用海量逐秒运行工况数据和车辆排放特征数据,建立了机动车辆在实际道路上运行速度与排放强度之间的关系,并以北京市为例,研究发现交通指数与小客车氮氧化物排放强度在道路类型、工作日周末、上下午等因素下具有明显的正相关关系,影响程度由大到小分别是道路类型、工作日周末、上下午.展开更多
文摘Vehicular traffic is a hard problem in big cities. Internal combustion vehicles are the main fossil fuel consumers and frame the main source of urban air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Vehicular traffic is also a promoter of climate change due to its greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO and CO2. Awareness of the spatiotemporal distribution of urban traffic, including the velocity distribution, allows knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of the air pollutant vehicular emissions required to understand urban air pollution. Although no well-established traffic theory exists, some models and approaches, like cellular automata, have been proposed to study the main aspects of this phenomenon. In this paper, a simple approach for estimating the space-time distribution of the air pollutant emission rates in traffic cellular automata is proposed. It is discussed with the Fukui-Ishibashi (FI) and Nagel-Schreckenberg (NS) models for traffic flow of identical vehicles in a single lane. We obtained the steady-state emission rates of the FI and NS models, being larger those produced by the first one, with relative differences of up to 45% in hydrocarbons, 56% in carbon monoxide, and 77% in nitrogen oxides.
文摘为了科学有效地支持城市化机动化进程中交通治污治堵一体化工作,研究建立了交通指数与基于车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)的机动车污染物排放相关联的分析方法,通过分析交通指数与微观车辆行程速度分布的一致性规律,利用海量逐秒运行工况数据和车辆排放特征数据,建立了机动车辆在实际道路上运行速度与排放强度之间的关系,并以北京市为例,研究发现交通指数与小客车氮氧化物排放强度在道路类型、工作日周末、上下午等因素下具有明显的正相关关系,影响程度由大到小分别是道路类型、工作日周末、上下午.
