It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from...It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.展开更多
回顾性分析2015年如皋市符合纳入标准的648例新发结核病患者结核性药物不良反应（adverse drug reactions，ADR）的发生情况及影响因素。所有患者资料[患者一年来所有的结核病门诊及住院患者的临床资料（包括临床医嘱单，病史资料，用...回顾性分析2015年如皋市符合纳入标准的648例新发结核病患者结核性药物不良反应（adverse drug reactions，ADR）的发生情况及影响因素。所有患者资料[患者一年来所有的结核病门诊及住院患者的临床资料（包括临床医嘱单，病史资料，用药情况，实验室检查结果等）]均由结核科医师提供。研究发现，648例患者中发生药物不良反应者317例（48．9％），其中120例发生2种及t2种以上不良反应，共计519例次。最多见的不良反应为尿酸增高（42．4％，220／519），肝损伤（15．0％，78／519）及胃肠道反应（13．5％，70／519）。在抗结核药物中，吡嗪酰胺引起的不良反应最高（49．9％，259／519），其次是利福平（16．6％，86／519）；其中207例（65．3％）发生在强化期，110例（34．7％）发生在巩固期。78例（24．6％）患者因不良反应需要调整治疗方案，其中17例（5．4％）因严重不良反应中断治疗。多因素回归分析表明，高龄（β=1．18，Wald χ^2=63．27，P〈0．001，OR=3．25，95％CI=2．43-4．35）、肝病史（=1．62，Wald χ^2=22．51，P〈0．001，OR=5．03，95％CI=2．58-9．81）、糖尿病病史（β=1．85，Wald χ^2=29．48，P〈0．001，OR=6．37，95％CI=3．26-12．42）、饮酒史（β=1．39，Wald χ^2=17．69，P〈0．001，OR=1．39，95％CI=2．10-7．66）是影响药物不良反应的相关危险因素。故为保障临床用药安全，医生应熟知常见的抗结核药物的不良反应，加强患者对结核病防治知识及药物不良反应的宣传教育，根据患者年龄、病情等合理用药，尽量避免或减少药物不良反应的发生，并能够及时处理发生的药物不良反应。展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271490, 21077131)
文摘It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.
