Based on the monitoring of five heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of the Pearl River in South China, potential toxicity of the heavy metals was assessed using consensus-based sediment quality guidelines （...Based on the monitoring of five heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of the Pearl River in South China, potential toxicity of the heavy metals was assessed using consensus-based sediment quality guidelines （SQGs） method and geo-accumulation （Igeo） index method. The monitoring results showed the heavy metal concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with each other, demonstrating a common trend in variation of concentration in the surface sediments. The assessment using the consensus-based SQGs method showed the potential toxicity of Cu was the highest, and Cd was the lowest. The evaluation based on mean probable effect concentration （PEC） quotient showed the region was seriously polluted with high toxicity heavy metals. Correlation analysis revealed a significant and positive correlation between the mean PEC quotient and the average of Igeo with a correlation coefficient of 0.926 （n = 23, P 〈 0.01）. In conclusion, the consensus-based SQGs and mean PEC quotient are applicable to assess potential toxicity risks of heavy metals in freshwater sediments in the Pearl River.展开更多
Emodin(1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a derived anthraquinone compound extracted from roots and barks of pharmaceutical plants, including Rheum palmatum, Aloe vera, Giant knotweed, Polygonum multiflorum ...Emodin(1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a derived anthraquinone compound extracted from roots and barks of pharmaceutical plants, including Rheum palmatum, Aloe vera, Giant knotweed, Polygonum multiflorum and Polygonum cuspidatum. The review aims to provide a scientific summary of emodin in pharmacological activities and toxicity in order to identify the therapeutic potential for its use in human specific organs as a new medicine. Based on the fundamental properties, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antivirs, anti-diabetes, immunosuppressive and osteogenesis promotion, emodin is expected to become an effective preventive and therapeutic drug of cancer, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute pancreatitis, asthma, periodontitis, fatty livers and neurodegenerative diseases. This article intends to provide a novel insight for further development of emodin, hoping to reveal the potential of emodin and necessity of further studies in this field.展开更多
Four different methods,namely mineralogical analysis,three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure,dynamic leaching test and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method were used to access the environmental acti...Four different methods,namely mineralogical analysis,three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure,dynamic leaching test and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method were used to access the environmental activity and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in zinc leaching residue.The results demonstrate that the environmental activity of heavy metals declines in the following order：CdZnCuAsPb.Potential ecological risk indices for single heavy metal are CdZnCuAsPb.Cd has serious potential ecological risk to the ecological environment and contributes most to the potential toxicity response indices for various heavy metals in the residue.展开更多
Evidence continues to grow on potential health risks associated with Ginkgo biloba and its constituents.While biflavonoid is a subclass of the flavonoid family in Ginkgo biloba with a plenty of pharmacological propert...Evidence continues to grow on potential health risks associated with Ginkgo biloba and its constituents.While biflavonoid is a subclass of the flavonoid family in Ginkgo biloba with a plenty of pharmacological properties,the potential toxicological effects of biflavonoids remains largely unknown.Thus,the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicological effects of the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba(i.e.,amentoflavone,sciadopitysin,ginkgetin,isoginkgetin,and bilobetin).In the in vitro cytotoxicity test,the five biflavonoids all reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)and human normal hepatocytes(L-02),indicating they might have potential liver and kidney toxicity.In the in vivo experiments,after intragastrical administration of these biflavonoids at 20 mg·kg^–1·d^–1 for 7 days,serum biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were performed.The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased after all the bifl avonoid administrations and widespread hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in ginkgetin or b ilobetin-treated mice.Moreover,the five biflavonoids all induced acute kidney injury in treated mice and the main pathological lesions were confirmed to the tubule,glomeruli,and interstitium injuries.As the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that these biflavonoids may be more toxic to the kidney than the liver,we further detected the mechanism of biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity.The increased TUNEL-positive cells were detected in kidney tissues of biflavonoids-treated mice,accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptotic protein BAX and unchanged levels of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2,indicating apoptosis was involved in biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity.Taken together,our results suggested that the five biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba may have potential hepatic and renal toxicity and more attentions should be paid to ensure Ginkgo biloba preparations safety.展开更多
Silicon （Si） offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium （Cd） stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study th...Silicon （Si） offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium （Cd） stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study the role of Si in alleviating Cd toxicity in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacurn L.） plants on a yellow soil taken from Guiyang, China. Nine treatments consisting of three concentrations of Cd （0, 1, and 5 mg kg^-1） together with three Si levels （0, 1, and 4 g kg^-1） were established. Plant growth parameters, Cd concentration, and the malondialdehyde （MDA）, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were determined 100 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings. Application of exogenous Si enhanced the growth of tobacco plants under Cd stress. When 5 mg kg^-1 Cd was added, Si addition at 1 and 4 g kg^-1 increased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 26.1%-43.3%, 33.7% 43.8%, and 50.8% 69.9%, respectively, compared to $i addition at 0 g kg^-1. With Si application, the transfer factor of Cd in tobacco from root to shoot under both 1 and 5 mg kg^-1 Cd treatments decreased by 21%. The MDA contents in the Si-treated tobacco plants declined by 5.5% 17.1% compared to those in the non-Si-treated plants, indicating a higher Cd tolerance. Silicon application also increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 33.9% 41% and 25.8%-47.3% compared to the Cd only treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Si application can alleviate Cd toxicity to tobacco by decreasing Cd partitioning in the shoots and MDA levels and by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, thereby contributing to lowering the potential health risks of Cd contamination.展开更多
To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Healt...To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Health risk assessment(HRA)model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the NURB.The detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations:Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cu>Hg.Correlation analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal elements.Our study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk(10^(−6)–10^(−4)a^(−1))through the drinking water pathway.Moreover,the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for adults.The maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard(5.0×10^(−5)a^(−1))from ICRP,surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society(5.0×10^(−6)a^(−1)).The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents,followed by Cd and As.Consequently,it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource.展开更多
Current assessment of air quality or control effectiveness is solely based on particulate matter(PM)mass levels,without considering their toxicity differences in terms of health benefits.Here,we collected a total of 4...Current assessment of air quality or control effectiveness is solely based on particulate matter(PM)mass levels,without considering their toxicity differences in terms of health benefits.Here,we collected a total of 465 automo-bile air conditioning filters from 31 major Chinese cities to study the composition and toxicity of PM at a national scale.Dithiothreitol assay showed that normalized PM toxicity(NIOG)in different Chinese cities varied greatly from the highest 4.99×10^(-3)for Changsha to the lowest 7.72×10^(-4)for Yinchuan.NI0G values were observed to have significant correlations with annual PM_(10) concentration(r=-0.416,p=0.020)and some PM components(total fungi,so.2-and calcium element).The concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions in PM also varied by several orders of magnitude for 31 cities in China.Endotoxin concentrations in PM analyzed using limulus amebocyte lysate assay ranged from 2.88 EU/mg PM(Hangzhou)to 62.82 EU/mg PM(Shijiazhuang)among 31 Chinese cities.Besides,real-time qPCR revealed 10~100-fold differences in total bacterial and fungal levels among 31 Chinese cities.The concentrations of chemical(water soluble ions and trace elements)and bi-ological(fungi,bacteria and endotoxin)components in PM were found to be significantly correlated with some meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants such as SO_(2).Our results have demonstrated that PM toxicity from 31 major cities varied greatly up to 6.5 times difference;and components such as fungi and SO_(4)^(2-)in PM could play important roles in the observed PM toxicity.The city-specific air pollution control strategy that integrates toxicity factors should be enacted in order to maximize health and economic co-benefits.This work also provides a comprehensive view on the overall PM pollution situation in China.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) are widely used in many consumer products, whereas their environmental behaviors in natural aquatic systems remain unknown, especially in natural brackish media.Therefore, it is urgent to i...Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) are widely used in many consumer products, whereas their environmental behaviors in natural aquatic systems remain unknown, especially in natural brackish media.Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the environmental fate of AgNPs in natural brackish waters.Here, we investigated the stability of citrate-coated AgNPs in natural brackish water collected from 6 different sites with distinct salinities in the Xinglinwan Reservoir, located in Xiamen City, southeast China.The obtained results showed that AgNP colloids remained stable in low-salinity waters, which was mainly determined by the effects of dissolved organic matter(DOM) promoting the stability of the nanoparticles.However, the environmental fate of AgNPs in high-salinity waters was dominated by the salinity or ionic strength, especially the free ion concentrations of Cl-, SO42-, or S2-, resulting in rapid sedimentation and dissolution.In addition, both DOM and salinity contributed to the environmental behavior of AgNPs in moderate-salinity waters,ultimately resulting in either colloidal stability or sedimentation.Overall, these results may reveal that AgNPs remain relatively stable for a long period in low-salinity natural waters,and that the stability might gradually decrease as AgNPs are transferred from freshwaters through brackish waters and eventually end up in seawater along the bay.Our findings also further indicate that the toxicity and potential risks of AgNPs may present more serious threats to the environment and organisms in natural freshwaters than in natural estuarine systems or seawater.展开更多
Ibeno, one of the major oil producing communities in South-South Nigeria is a coastal commercial fishery hub that houses Axon-Mobil operational base and pharmaceutical/plastic industries. Shrimp species (Macrobrachium...Ibeno, one of the major oil producing communities in South-South Nigeria is a coastal commercial fishery hub that houses Axon-Mobil operational base and pharmaceutical/plastic industries. Shrimp species (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) is a major aquatic food frequently consumed by inhabitants of the coastal area and those living hinterland, thus, being a major route of human exposure to 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene and didodecyl phthalate in the area. The purpose of the study was to evaluate factors that determine bioaccumulation and assess the potential cancer and non-cancer risk posed by these contaminants through human (adult and children) exposure via shrimp’s consumption using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The associated sediment showed higher mean concentrations of 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene and didodecylphthalate at the two sites relative to those in fresh shrimp samples and factors such as size, lipid content, physicochemical property and environmental condition influenced the uptake of these contaminants. Besides water loss, the traditional drying process enhanced the levels of phenanthrene and didodecylphthalate in dry shrimps most likely due to combustion process and relatively low volatility, respectively and lowered the level of 2-methylnapthalene linked to its relatively high volatility. The potential of cancer and non-cancer development in human were highest via dry large shrimp consumption and followed the sequence: dry small shrimp > fresh large shrimp > fresh small shrimp and were within the USEPA reference standards. Although children were more vulnerable, the exposed individuals may not exhibit notable health-associated adverse effects in the near future. Thus, adequate advocacy is needed to sensitize those living in the catchments who often prefer dry shrimp in their meals on the adverse health implications of these contaminants for their survival and the need to maintain the health of the ecosystem.展开更多
Fine particulate matter and eight heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Zn) concentrations were determined in air samples collected from three industrial sites in northern Nigeria using a Handheld Portable Par...Fine particulate matter and eight heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Zn) concentrations were determined in air samples collected from three industrial sites in northern Nigeria using a Handheld Portable Particle Counter for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> with model number CW-HAT 200 and a High Volume Respirable Dust Sampler (APM 460 NL) in conjunction with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Serial No. AA0904M046) Flame Test. The results of the fine particulates ranged from 11.0 - 46.0 μg<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:" font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">.</span>m<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup>3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 22.0 - 88 <span style="white-space:normal;"> μg</span><span font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="" style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;">m</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup style="white-space:normal;">3</sup><sup></sup> for PM<sub>10</sub> across all the industrial sites investigated. Most of these results exceeded the WHO permissible levels of 25.0 <span style="white-space:normal;"> μg</span><span font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="" style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;">m</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup style="white-space:normal;">3</sup> and 50.0 <span style="white-space:normal;"> μg</span><span font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="" style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;">m</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup style="white-spac展开更多
The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS ...The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS are processed in faecal treatment plants. However, after drying, the DFS are most often dumped in the nature without any control or directly used as fertilizer without any idea of their potential risks for human health and the environment. This investigation aimed at physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of the DFS from faecal treatment plants according to the duration of their storage. For this purpose, DFS samples were collected in three (3) faecal treatment plants in Ouagadougou and one in Bobo Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso. The measurements were carried out on pH (H<sub>2</sub>O), organic matter content, major nutrients (N, P, K), trace elements (Na, Ca and Mg) and metallic trace elements. Indifferently to the faecal treatment plants and the duration of the storage, the DFS showed strong acidity (4.85 ± 0.13 et 6.53 ± 0.10) and low content in total elements (Na à40.97% ± 9.99%). Values recorded of the trace metallic elements showed there were no risk of contamination when used as fertilizers: (103.9 ± 2.00 mg/kg < Cu < 137 ± 25.69 mg/kg);(710.13 ± 18.97 mg/kg < Zn < 922.30 ± 7.04 mg/kg);(33.03 ± 1.65 mg/kg < Pb < 152.40 ± 19.40 mg/kg);(1.34 ± 0.17 mg/kg < Cd < 1.76 ± 0.04 mg/kg);(34.34 ± 0.27 mg/kg < Ni < 52.32 ± 3.60 mg/kg) et (771.15 ± 18.36 mg/kg < Cr < 1697.83 ± 55.11 mg/kg). The results indicated a high fertilizer potential of the DFS after addressing the issue of their acidity.展开更多
In the race to deliver clean water to communities through potable water reuse, disinfection and water quality assessment are and will continue to be fundamental factors. There are over 700 disinfection byproducts(DBPs...In the race to deliver clean water to communities through potable water reuse, disinfection and water quality assessment are and will continue to be fundamental factors. There are over 700 disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in water;evaluating each compound is practically impossible and very time consuming. A bioanalytical approach could be an answer to this challenge. In this work, the response of four major classes of DBPs toward mitochondrial membrane potential( Δψm) and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphate(C-ATP) was investigated with human carcinoma(Hep G2) cells. Within 90 min of cell exposure, only the haloacetic acid(HAA) mixture caused a cytotoxic response as measured by C-ATP. All four groups(haloacetonitriles(HANs), trihalomethanes(THMs), nitrosamines(NOAs), and HAAs) responded well to Δψm, R 2 > 0.70. Based on the half-maximum concentration that evoked a 50% response in Δψm, the response gradient was HANs >> HAAs ~ THM > NOAs. The inhibition of the Δψm by HANs is driven by dibromoacetonitrile(DBAN), while dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN) did not cause a significant change in the Δψm at less than 2000 μM. A mixture of HANs exhibited an antagonistic behavior on the Δψm compared to individual compounds. If water samples are concentrated to increase HAN concentrations, especially DBAN, then Δψm could be used as a biomonitoring tool for DBP toxicity.展开更多
Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel s...Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel system, samples of both gaseous and particulate phases from domestic coal combustion were collected and 18 PAH species were analyzed by GC-MS. The average emission factors of total 18 PAH species was 171.73 mg/kg, ranging from 140.75 to 229.11 mg/kg for bituminous coals, while was 93.98 mg/kg, ranging from 58.48 to 129.47 mg/kg for anthracite coals. PAHs in gaseous phases occupied 95% of the total of PAHs emission of coal combustion. In particulate phase, 3-ring and 4- ring PAHs were the main components, accounting for 80% of the total particulate PAHs. The total toxicity potency evaluated by benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, sum of 7 carcinogenic PAH components and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin had a similar tendency. And as a result, the toxic potential of bituminous coal was higher than that of anthracite coal. Efficient emission control should be conducted to reduce PAH emissions in order to protect ecosystem and human health.展开更多
基金from the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, for their great contribution tothe project "Water Quality Research of Drinking Water Source in Guangzhou City", which was the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 031549)
文摘Based on the monitoring of five heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of the Pearl River in South China, potential toxicity of the heavy metals was assessed using consensus-based sediment quality guidelines （SQGs） method and geo-accumulation （Igeo） index method. The monitoring results showed the heavy metal concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with each other, demonstrating a common trend in variation of concentration in the surface sediments. The assessment using the consensus-based SQGs method showed the potential toxicity of Cu was the highest, and Cd was the lowest. The evaluation based on mean probable effect concentration （PEC） quotient showed the region was seriously polluted with high toxicity heavy metals. Correlation analysis revealed a significant and positive correlation between the mean PEC quotient and the average of Igeo with a correlation coefficient of 0.926 （n = 23, P 〈 0.01）. In conclusion, the consensus-based SQGs and mean PEC quotient are applicable to assess potential toxicity risks of heavy metals in freshwater sediments in the Pearl River.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31370992,3167040349,31670951,3197100408)the Project of the Science and Technology Department in Sichuan Province(No.2017JY0228)。
文摘Emodin(1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a derived anthraquinone compound extracted from roots and barks of pharmaceutical plants, including Rheum palmatum, Aloe vera, Giant knotweed, Polygonum multiflorum and Polygonum cuspidatum. The review aims to provide a scientific summary of emodin in pharmacological activities and toxicity in order to identify the therapeutic potential for its use in human specific organs as a new medicine. Based on the fundamental properties, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antivirs, anti-diabetes, immunosuppressive and osteogenesis promotion, emodin is expected to become an effective preventive and therapeutic drug of cancer, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute pancreatitis, asthma, periodontitis, fatty livers and neurodegenerative diseases. This article intends to provide a novel insight for further development of emodin, hoping to reveal the potential of emodin and necessity of further studies in this field.
基金Project(50925417) supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of ChinaProject(2010AA065203) supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Project(2010-609) Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(ncet-10-0840) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in UniversityProject(2012FJ1080) supported by Key Projects of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,China
文摘Four different methods,namely mineralogical analysis,three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure,dynamic leaching test and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method were used to access the environmental activity and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in zinc leaching residue.The results demonstrate that the environmental activity of heavy metals declines in the following order：CdZnCuAsPb.Potential ecological risk indices for single heavy metal are CdZnCuAsPb.Cd has serious potential ecological risk to the ecological environment and contributes most to the potential toxicity response indices for various heavy metals in the residue.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Project(2018ZX09201011)the Key Program from Sci-Tech Plan of Zhejiang Province(2018C03075)
文摘Evidence continues to grow on potential health risks associated with Ginkgo biloba and its constituents.While biflavonoid is a subclass of the flavonoid family in Ginkgo biloba with a plenty of pharmacological properties,the potential toxicological effects of biflavonoids remains largely unknown.Thus,the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicological effects of the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba(i.e.,amentoflavone,sciadopitysin,ginkgetin,isoginkgetin,and bilobetin).In the in vitro cytotoxicity test,the five biflavonoids all reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)and human normal hepatocytes(L-02),indicating they might have potential liver and kidney toxicity.In the in vivo experiments,after intragastrical administration of these biflavonoids at 20 mg·kg^–1·d^–1 for 7 days,serum biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were performed.The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased after all the bifl avonoid administrations and widespread hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in ginkgetin or b ilobetin-treated mice.Moreover,the five biflavonoids all induced acute kidney injury in treated mice and the main pathological lesions were confirmed to the tubule,glomeruli,and interstitium injuries.As the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that these biflavonoids may be more toxic to the kidney than the liver,we further detected the mechanism of biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity.The increased TUNEL-positive cells were detected in kidney tissues of biflavonoids-treated mice,accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptotic protein BAX and unchanged levels of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2,indicating apoptosis was involved in biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity.Taken together,our results suggested that the five biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba may have potential hepatic and renal toxicity and more attentions should be paid to ensure Ginkgo biloba preparations safety.
基金the Enterprises and Institutions Entrusted Projects of Guizhou Province, China (No. 700377111206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31760133)
文摘Silicon （Si） offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium （Cd） stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study the role of Si in alleviating Cd toxicity in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacurn L.） plants on a yellow soil taken from Guiyang, China. Nine treatments consisting of three concentrations of Cd （0, 1, and 5 mg kg^-1） together with three Si levels （0, 1, and 4 g kg^-1） were established. Plant growth parameters, Cd concentration, and the malondialdehyde （MDA）, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were determined 100 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings. Application of exogenous Si enhanced the growth of tobacco plants under Cd stress. When 5 mg kg^-1 Cd was added, Si addition at 1 and 4 g kg^-1 increased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 26.1%-43.3%, 33.7% 43.8%, and 50.8% 69.9%, respectively, compared to $i addition at 0 g kg^-1. With Si application, the transfer factor of Cd in tobacco from root to shoot under both 1 and 5 mg kg^-1 Cd treatments decreased by 21%. The MDA contents in the Si-treated tobacco plants declined by 5.5% 17.1% compared to those in the non-Si-treated plants, indicating a higher Cd tolerance. Silicon application also increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 33.9% 41% and 25.8%-47.3% compared to the Cd only treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Si application can alleviate Cd toxicity to tobacco by decreasing Cd partitioning in the shoots and MDA levels and by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, thereby contributing to lowering the potential health risks of Cd contamination.
基金supported from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1302901)the Key Laboratory Construction Project of Guangxi(No.19-185-7)the Foundation for Hebei Education Department(No.2022QNJS05).
文摘To investigate the presence of metal elements and assess their health risk for the populace in the Nandong Underground River Basin(NURB),we conducted an analysis of eleven common heavy metals in the water body.A Health risk assessment(HRA)model was employed to analyze 84 water samples from the NURB.The detection results revealed the following order of heavy metals concentrations:Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cu>Hg.Correlation analysis indicated a certain similarity in material source and migration transformation among these eleven metal elements.Our study identified that the health risks for local residents exposed to metal elements in the water of NURB primarily stem from carcinogenic risk(10^(−6)–10^(−4)a^(−1))through the drinking water pathway.Moreover,the health risk of heavy metal exposure for children through drinking water was notably higher than for adults.The maximum health risks of Cr in both underground and surface water exceeded the recommendation standard(5.0×10^(−5)a^(−1))from ICRP,surpassing the values recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Dutch Ministry of Construction and Environment and the British Royal Society(5.0×10^(−6)a^(−1)).The results of the health risk assessment indicate that Cr in the water of NURB is the primary source of carcinogenic risk for local residents,followed by Cd and As.Consequently,it is imperative to control these three carcinogenic metals when the water was used as drinking water resource.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92043302)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(22221004)+1 种基金and National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars Awarded to M.Yao(21725701)This work was also partially supported by grant from Guangzhou National Laboratory(EKPG21-02).
文摘Current assessment of air quality or control effectiveness is solely based on particulate matter(PM)mass levels,without considering their toxicity differences in terms of health benefits.Here,we collected a total of 465 automo-bile air conditioning filters from 31 major Chinese cities to study the composition and toxicity of PM at a national scale.Dithiothreitol assay showed that normalized PM toxicity(NIOG)in different Chinese cities varied greatly from the highest 4.99×10^(-3)for Changsha to the lowest 7.72×10^(-4)for Yinchuan.NI0G values were observed to have significant correlations with annual PM_(10) concentration(r=-0.416,p=0.020)and some PM components(total fungi,so.2-and calcium element).The concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions in PM also varied by several orders of magnitude for 31 cities in China.Endotoxin concentrations in PM analyzed using limulus amebocyte lysate assay ranged from 2.88 EU/mg PM(Hangzhou)to 62.82 EU/mg PM(Shijiazhuang)among 31 Chinese cities.Besides,real-time qPCR revealed 10~100-fold differences in total bacterial and fungal levels among 31 Chinese cities.The concentrations of chemical(water soluble ions and trace elements)and bi-ological(fungi,bacteria and endotoxin)components in PM were found to be significantly correlated with some meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants such as SO_(2).Our results have demonstrated that PM toxicity from 31 major cities varied greatly up to 6.5 times difference;and components such as fungi and SO_(4)^(2-)in PM could play important roles in the observed PM toxicity.The city-specific air pollution control strategy that integrates toxicity factors should be enacted in order to maximize health and economic co-benefits.This work also provides a comprehensive view on the overall PM pollution situation in China.
基金supported by the Key Program of International Cooperation of Fujian Province (No.2019I0032)the sponsor-id="https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809" xlink:role="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/linking-roles/grant-sponsor" xlink:type="simple">National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21507129 and 61705228)the sponsorid="https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003392" xlink:role="http:// www.elsevier.com/xml/linking-roles/grant-sponsor" xlink: type="simple">Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (No.2018J05028).
文摘Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) are widely used in many consumer products, whereas their environmental behaviors in natural aquatic systems remain unknown, especially in natural brackish media.Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the environmental fate of AgNPs in natural brackish waters.Here, we investigated the stability of citrate-coated AgNPs in natural brackish water collected from 6 different sites with distinct salinities in the Xinglinwan Reservoir, located in Xiamen City, southeast China.The obtained results showed that AgNP colloids remained stable in low-salinity waters, which was mainly determined by the effects of dissolved organic matter(DOM) promoting the stability of the nanoparticles.However, the environmental fate of AgNPs in high-salinity waters was dominated by the salinity or ionic strength, especially the free ion concentrations of Cl-, SO42-, or S2-, resulting in rapid sedimentation and dissolution.In addition, both DOM and salinity contributed to the environmental behavior of AgNPs in moderate-salinity waters,ultimately resulting in either colloidal stability or sedimentation.Overall, these results may reveal that AgNPs remain relatively stable for a long period in low-salinity natural waters,and that the stability might gradually decrease as AgNPs are transferred from freshwaters through brackish waters and eventually end up in seawater along the bay.Our findings also further indicate that the toxicity and potential risks of AgNPs may present more serious threats to the environment and organisms in natural freshwaters than in natural estuarine systems or seawater.
文摘Ibeno, one of the major oil producing communities in South-South Nigeria is a coastal commercial fishery hub that houses Axon-Mobil operational base and pharmaceutical/plastic industries. Shrimp species (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) is a major aquatic food frequently consumed by inhabitants of the coastal area and those living hinterland, thus, being a major route of human exposure to 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene and didodecyl phthalate in the area. The purpose of the study was to evaluate factors that determine bioaccumulation and assess the potential cancer and non-cancer risk posed by these contaminants through human (adult and children) exposure via shrimp’s consumption using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The associated sediment showed higher mean concentrations of 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene and didodecylphthalate at the two sites relative to those in fresh shrimp samples and factors such as size, lipid content, physicochemical property and environmental condition influenced the uptake of these contaminants. Besides water loss, the traditional drying process enhanced the levels of phenanthrene and didodecylphthalate in dry shrimps most likely due to combustion process and relatively low volatility, respectively and lowered the level of 2-methylnapthalene linked to its relatively high volatility. The potential of cancer and non-cancer development in human were highest via dry large shrimp consumption and followed the sequence: dry small shrimp > fresh large shrimp > fresh small shrimp and were within the USEPA reference standards. Although children were more vulnerable, the exposed individuals may not exhibit notable health-associated adverse effects in the near future. Thus, adequate advocacy is needed to sensitize those living in the catchments who often prefer dry shrimp in their meals on the adverse health implications of these contaminants for their survival and the need to maintain the health of the ecosystem.
文摘Fine particulate matter and eight heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Zn) concentrations were determined in air samples collected from three industrial sites in northern Nigeria using a Handheld Portable Particle Counter for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> with model number CW-HAT 200 and a High Volume Respirable Dust Sampler (APM 460 NL) in conjunction with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Serial No. AA0904M046) Flame Test. The results of the fine particulates ranged from 11.0 - 46.0 μg<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:" font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">.</span>m<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup>3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 22.0 - 88 <span style="white-space:normal;"> μg</span><span font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="" style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;">m</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup style="white-space:normal;">3</sup><sup></sup> for PM<sub>10</sub> across all the industrial sites investigated. Most of these results exceeded the WHO permissible levels of 25.0 <span style="white-space:normal;"> μg</span><span font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="" style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;">m</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup style="white-space:normal;">3</sup> and 50.0 <span style="white-space:normal;"> μg</span><span font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="" style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);">.</span><span style="white-space:normal;">m</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup>-</sup></span><sup style="white-spac
文摘The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS are processed in faecal treatment plants. However, after drying, the DFS are most often dumped in the nature without any control or directly used as fertilizer without any idea of their potential risks for human health and the environment. This investigation aimed at physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of the DFS from faecal treatment plants according to the duration of their storage. For this purpose, DFS samples were collected in three (3) faecal treatment plants in Ouagadougou and one in Bobo Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso. The measurements were carried out on pH (H<sub>2</sub>O), organic matter content, major nutrients (N, P, K), trace elements (Na, Ca and Mg) and metallic trace elements. Indifferently to the faecal treatment plants and the duration of the storage, the DFS showed strong acidity (4.85 ± 0.13 et 6.53 ± 0.10) and low content in total elements (Na à40.97% ± 9.99%). Values recorded of the trace metallic elements showed there were no risk of contamination when used as fertilizers: (103.9 ± 2.00 mg/kg < Cu < 137 ± 25.69 mg/kg);(710.13 ± 18.97 mg/kg < Zn < 922.30 ± 7.04 mg/kg);(33.03 ± 1.65 mg/kg < Pb < 152.40 ± 19.40 mg/kg);(1.34 ± 0.17 mg/kg < Cd < 1.76 ± 0.04 mg/kg);(34.34 ± 0.27 mg/kg < Ni < 52.32 ± 3.60 mg/kg) et (771.15 ± 18.36 mg/kg < Cr < 1697.83 ± 55.11 mg/kg). The results indicated a high fertilizer potential of the DFS after addressing the issue of their acidity.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation (No. 1833108)。
文摘In the race to deliver clean water to communities through potable water reuse, disinfection and water quality assessment are and will continue to be fundamental factors. There are over 700 disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in water;evaluating each compound is practically impossible and very time consuming. A bioanalytical approach could be an answer to this challenge. In this work, the response of four major classes of DBPs toward mitochondrial membrane potential( Δψm) and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphate(C-ATP) was investigated with human carcinoma(Hep G2) cells. Within 90 min of cell exposure, only the haloacetic acid(HAA) mixture caused a cytotoxic response as measured by C-ATP. All four groups(haloacetonitriles(HANs), trihalomethanes(THMs), nitrosamines(NOAs), and HAAs) responded well to Δψm, R 2 > 0.70. Based on the half-maximum concentration that evoked a 50% response in Δψm, the response gradient was HANs >> HAAs ~ THM > NOAs. The inhibition of the Δψm by HANs is driven by dibromoacetonitrile(DBAN), while dichloroacetonitrile(DCAN) did not cause a significant change in the Δψm at less than 2000 μM. A mixture of HANs exhibited an antagonistic behavior on the Δψm compared to individual compounds. If water samples are concentrated to increase HAN concentrations, especially DBAN, then Δψm could be used as a biomonitoring tool for DBP toxicity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41275135,41105090)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2012AA063506)the Open Foundation of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Laboratories(Peking University)
文摘Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel system, samples of both gaseous and particulate phases from domestic coal combustion were collected and 18 PAH species were analyzed by GC-MS. The average emission factors of total 18 PAH species was 171.73 mg/kg, ranging from 140.75 to 229.11 mg/kg for bituminous coals, while was 93.98 mg/kg, ranging from 58.48 to 129.47 mg/kg for anthracite coals. PAHs in gaseous phases occupied 95% of the total of PAHs emission of coal combustion. In particulate phase, 3-ring and 4- ring PAHs were the main components, accounting for 80% of the total particulate PAHs. The total toxicity potency evaluated by benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, sum of 7 carcinogenic PAH components and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin had a similar tendency. And as a result, the toxic potential of bituminous coal was higher than that of anthracite coal. Efficient emission control should be conducted to reduce PAH emissions in order to protect ecosystem and human health.
