It is estimated that 20000 to 30000 new patients are diagnosed with osteonecrosis annually accounting for approximately 10% of the 250000 total hip arthroplasties done annually in the United States. Thelack of level 1...It is estimated that 20000 to 30000 new patients are diagnosed with osteonecrosis annually accounting for approximately 10% of the 250000 total hip arthroplasties done annually in the United States. Thelack of level 1 evidence in the literature makes it difficult to identify optimal treatment protocols to manage patients with pre-collapse avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and early intervention prior to collapse is critical to successful outcomes in joint preserving procedures. There have been a variety of traumatic and atraumatic factors that have been identified as risk factors for osteonecrosis, but the etiology and pathogenesis still remains unclear. Current osteonecrosis diagnosis is dependent upon plain anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs of the hip, followed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Generally, the first radiographic changes seen by radiograph will be cystic and sclerotic changes in the femoral head. Although the diagnosis may be made by radiograph, plain radiographs are generally insufficient for early diagnosis, therefore MRI is considered the most accurate benchmark. Treatment options include pharmacologic agents such as bisphosphonates and statins, biophysical treatments, as well as joint-preserving and joint-replacing surgeries. the surgical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head can be divided into two major branches: femoral head sparing procedures(FHSP) and femoral head replacement procedures(FHRP). In general, FHSP are indicated at pre-collapse stages with minimal symptoms whereas FHRP are preferred at post-collapse symptomatic stages. It is difficult to know whether any treatment modality changes the natural history of core decompression since the true natural history of core decompression has not been delineated.展开更多
Osteonecrosis is a phenomenon involving disruption to the vascular supply to the femoral head, resulting in articular surface collapse and eventual osteoarthritis. Although alcoholism, steroid use, and hip trauma rema...Osteonecrosis is a phenomenon involving disruption to the vascular supply to the femoral head, resulting in articular surface collapse and eventual osteoarthritis. Although alcoholism, steroid use, and hip trauma remain the most common causes, several other etiologies for osteonecrosis have been identified. Basic science research utilizing animal models and stem cell applications continue to further elucidate the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis and promise novel treatment options in the future. Clinical studies evaluating modern joint-sparing procedures have demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes, but hip arthroplasty is still the most common procedure performed in these affected younger adults. Further advances in joint-preserving procedures are required and will be widely studied in the coming decade.展开更多
背景背景:静脉和局部氨甲环酸(TXA)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用安全有效,已被大多数骨科医师所肯定,但目前静脉联合局部TXA于THA中的应用效果尚不明确。目的:探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸(TXA)减少初次全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期失血...背景背景:静脉和局部氨甲环酸(TXA)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用安全有效,已被大多数骨科医师所肯定,但目前静脉联合局部TXA于THA中的应用效果尚不明确。目的:探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸(TXA)减少初次全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法方法:2013年9月至2014年11月行THA患者731例,按TXA的不同用法分为3组:静脉TXA组238例,于手术切皮前完成静脉单次15 mg/kg TXA;局部TXA组136例,于术中3个时点使用总量3 g的TXA;静脉联合局部TXA组357例,于术前使用15 mg/kg TXA,并于术中3个时点使用总量1.5 g的TXA。主要观察指标为总失血量、输血率、术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)及肺栓塞(PE)发生率;次要观察指标为术后引流量、血红蛋白(Hb)下降最大值及伤口并发症发生率。结果结果:静脉联合局部TXA组平均总失血量(819.82±202.82)ml,输血率为1.4%,术后引流量(181.20±37.62)ml,Hb下降最大值(2.95±0.78)g/dl,均明显低于静脉TXA组和局部TXA组,而DVT及症状性PE的发生风险组间比较无统计学差异。静脉TXA组的总失血量、输血率均略低于局部TXA组,两组比较无统计学差异。结论结论:1静脉15 mg/kg TXA、局部3 g TXA及静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA均可有效减少THA失血量和输血率,不增加DVT的发生风险;2静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA的效果明显优于静脉15 mg/kg TXA或局部3 g TXA,推荐使用;3静脉15 mg/kg TXA的效果略优于局部3 g TXA。展开更多
文摘It is estimated that 20000 to 30000 new patients are diagnosed with osteonecrosis annually accounting for approximately 10% of the 250000 total hip arthroplasties done annually in the United States. Thelack of level 1 evidence in the literature makes it difficult to identify optimal treatment protocols to manage patients with pre-collapse avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and early intervention prior to collapse is critical to successful outcomes in joint preserving procedures. There have been a variety of traumatic and atraumatic factors that have been identified as risk factors for osteonecrosis, but the etiology and pathogenesis still remains unclear. Current osteonecrosis diagnosis is dependent upon plain anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs of the hip, followed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Generally, the first radiographic changes seen by radiograph will be cystic and sclerotic changes in the femoral head. Although the diagnosis may be made by radiograph, plain radiographs are generally insufficient for early diagnosis, therefore MRI is considered the most accurate benchmark. Treatment options include pharmacologic agents such as bisphosphonates and statins, biophysical treatments, as well as joint-preserving and joint-replacing surgeries. the surgical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head can be divided into two major branches: femoral head sparing procedures(FHSP) and femoral head replacement procedures(FHRP). In general, FHSP are indicated at pre-collapse stages with minimal symptoms whereas FHRP are preferred at post-collapse symptomatic stages. It is difficult to know whether any treatment modality changes the natural history of core decompression since the true natural history of core decompression has not been delineated.
文摘Osteonecrosis is a phenomenon involving disruption to the vascular supply to the femoral head, resulting in articular surface collapse and eventual osteoarthritis. Although alcoholism, steroid use, and hip trauma remain the most common causes, several other etiologies for osteonecrosis have been identified. Basic science research utilizing animal models and stem cell applications continue to further elucidate the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis and promise novel treatment options in the future. Clinical studies evaluating modern joint-sparing procedures have demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes, but hip arthroplasty is still the most common procedure performed in these affected younger adults. Further advances in joint-preserving procedures are required and will be widely studied in the coming decade.
文摘背景背景:静脉和局部氨甲环酸(TXA)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用安全有效,已被大多数骨科医师所肯定,但目前静脉联合局部TXA于THA中的应用效果尚不明确。目的:探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸(TXA)减少初次全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法方法:2013年9月至2014年11月行THA患者731例,按TXA的不同用法分为3组:静脉TXA组238例,于手术切皮前完成静脉单次15 mg/kg TXA;局部TXA组136例,于术中3个时点使用总量3 g的TXA;静脉联合局部TXA组357例,于术前使用15 mg/kg TXA,并于术中3个时点使用总量1.5 g的TXA。主要观察指标为总失血量、输血率、术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)及肺栓塞(PE)发生率;次要观察指标为术后引流量、血红蛋白(Hb)下降最大值及伤口并发症发生率。结果结果:静脉联合局部TXA组平均总失血量(819.82±202.82)ml,输血率为1.4%,术后引流量(181.20±37.62)ml,Hb下降最大值(2.95±0.78)g/dl,均明显低于静脉TXA组和局部TXA组,而DVT及症状性PE的发生风险组间比较无统计学差异。静脉TXA组的总失血量、输血率均略低于局部TXA组,两组比较无统计学差异。结论结论:1静脉15 mg/kg TXA、局部3 g TXA及静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA均可有效减少THA失血量和输血率,不增加DVT的发生风险;2静脉15 mg/kg联合局部1.5 g TXA的效果明显优于静脉15 mg/kg TXA或局部3 g TXA,推荐使用;3静脉15 mg/kg TXA的效果略优于局部3 g TXA。
