Improving energy efficiency is regarded as a key path to tackling global warming and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In 2020,the energy consumption of the world's ten major energy-consuming count...Improving energy efficiency is regarded as a key path to tackling global warming and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In 2020,the energy consumption of the world's ten major energy-consuming countries accounted for 66.8%of the global total.This paper applied data envelopment analysis(DEA)to calculate these ten major energyconsuming countries'total-factor energy efficiency(TFEE)at national and sectoral levels from 2001-2020,and explored the infuencing factors of total-factor energy efficiency with the Tobit regression model.The results showed significant difference in the ten countries'energy efficiency.The United States and Germany topped the list for total-factor energy efficiency,while China and India were at the bottom.Meanwhile,the energy efficiency of the industrial subsector has increased significantly over the past two decades,while that of the other subsectors has been relatively fat.The industrial structure upgrading,per capita GDP,energy consumption structure,and foreign direct investment had significant impacts on energy efficiency with national heterogeneity.Energy consumption structure and GDP per capita were determinative factors of energy efficiency.展开更多
为了研究三江源生态功能区生态约束下畜牧业技术进步偏向,本研究选取2010—2019年三江源生态功能区所辖4个州(海南、黄南、果洛、玉树4个藏族自治州)21个县为样本,采用非期望产出不可分的松弛值测算的模型(slacks based measure, SBM)...为了研究三江源生态功能区生态约束下畜牧业技术进步偏向,本研究选取2010—2019年三江源生态功能区所辖4个州(海南、黄南、果洛、玉树4个藏族自治州)21个县为样本,采用非期望产出不可分的松弛值测算的模型(slacks based measure, SBM)、曼奎斯特指数(Malmquist index, MI)和ArcGIS 10.6软件测评环境规制下生态畜牧业生产效率,分析时空变化趋势及技术进步方向。结果表明:与2010年相比,2019年三江源生态功能区全部牲畜存栏量减少13.83%,但大型牲畜存栏量反而增长14.83%。研究区域生态畜牧业全要素生产效率处于波动状态,区域间差异较大,投入型技术进步对全要素生产效率起抑制作用。纯牧区畜牧业技术进步偏向于节约劳动使用、减少大型牲畜存栏量;半农半牧区技术进步偏向于节约草场投入,存栏结构总体更偏向减少小型牲畜存栏量,均与实际牲畜存栏结构变化相违背。在考虑非期望产出不可分的情况下,投入型技术进步偏向逐渐与各地区资源禀赋不相协调,难以适应快速变化的存栏结构,抑制了生态优先的发展战略。建议以草定畜、分区规划、增加生态补偿;季节调节、良种改良、促进畜草资源空间流动;明晰产权、集聚资源、加强畜牧联合体建设。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.71761147001 and 42030707)the International Partnership Program by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.121311KYSB20190029)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (No.20720210083)。
文摘Improving energy efficiency is regarded as a key path to tackling global warming and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In 2020,the energy consumption of the world's ten major energy-consuming countries accounted for 66.8%of the global total.This paper applied data envelopment analysis(DEA)to calculate these ten major energyconsuming countries'total-factor energy efficiency(TFEE)at national and sectoral levels from 2001-2020,and explored the infuencing factors of total-factor energy efficiency with the Tobit regression model.The results showed significant difference in the ten countries'energy efficiency.The United States and Germany topped the list for total-factor energy efficiency,while China and India were at the bottom.Meanwhile,the energy efficiency of the industrial subsector has increased significantly over the past two decades,while that of the other subsectors has been relatively fat.The industrial structure upgrading,per capita GDP,energy consumption structure,and foreign direct investment had significant impacts on energy efficiency with national heterogeneity.Energy consumption structure and GDP per capita were determinative factors of energy efficiency.
