AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB diagnos...AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB diagnosis were randomized to a drug control group and a trial group on drugs plus an herbal formulation. Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for first 2 mo followed by continuation phase therapy excluding Pyrazinamide for 4 mo comprised the anti-tuberculous treatment. Curcumin enriched （25%） CL and a hydro-ethanolic extract enriched （50%） TC 1 g each divided in two doses comprised the herbal adjuvant. Hemogram, bilirubin and liver enzymes were tested initially and monthly till the end of study to evaluate the result. RESULTS： Incidence and severity of hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in trial group （incidence： 27/192 vs 2/316, P 〈 0.0001）. Mean aspartate transaminase （AST） （195.93 ± 108.74 vs 85 ± 4.24, P 〈 0.0001）, alanine transaminase （ALT） （75.74 ± 26.54 vs 41 ± 1.41, P 〈 0.0001） and serum bilirubin （5.4 ±3.38 vs 1.5 ±0.42, P 〈 0.0001）. A lesser sputum positivity ratio at the end of 4 wk （10/67 vs 4/137, P = 0.0068） and decreased incidence of poorly resolved parenchymal lesion at the end of the treatment （9/152 vs 2/278, P = 0.0037） was observed. Improved patient compliance was indicated by nil drop-out in trial vs 10/192 in control group （P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： The herbal formulation prevented hepatotoxicity significantly and improved the disease outcome as well as patient compliance without any toxicity or side effects.展开更多
The objective of this study was to offer a review of previous works on Tinospora cordifolia(TC) metabolomics with a highlight on the use of metabolomics in comparative evaluations between varieties and selection of op...The objective of this study was to offer a review of previous works on Tinospora cordifolia(TC) metabolomics with a highlight on the use of metabolomics in comparative evaluations between varieties and selection of optimum cultivation, collection, and extraction procedures, providing insights into pharmaceutical and food product quality monitoring. Scholarly databases were searched to gather relevant information on TC's therapeutic usefulness, phytoconstituent studies, metabolomics, and applications. Pub Chem was used to learn the structures of several of the metabolites. The various medicinal properties of TC were extensively researched. The most essential portions of the plant in Ayurvedic medicines are the stems. Bioactive phytochemicals such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and phenolic compounds are present in the roots and leaves. Metabolomic analysis revealed that, in addition to the season and geographical region of the sample collected, the metabolite profiles of TC also depend on the parts of the plant taken as a sample and also the plant's stage of growth. The amounts of secondary metabolites differed between morpho/chemotypes within the TC species. Despite the fact that research on TC began several decades ago, the diversity of phytoconstituents was not appreciated because of a lack of reliable techniques for phytochemical fingerprinting. The uncovering of several novel metabolites was aided by advances in chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. To produce a full metabolomic profile, researchers used mutually complementary techniques. Following that, data analysis and searches against spectrum databases allowed for signal annotation and interpretation of metabolites in large quantities without separating them separately. The current review includes a critical assessment of metabolomic data and an overview of the technique's various applications. It is vital to establish the metrics of quality control of herbal medicines in order to accomplish formulation purity assessments. Such展开更多
Various important medicines make use of secondary metabolites that are produced by plants.Medicinal plants,such as Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia,are rich sources of chemically active compounds and are re...Various important medicines make use of secondary metabolites that are produced by plants.Medicinal plants,such as Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia,are rich sources of chemically active compounds and are reported to have numerous therapeutic applications.The therapeutic use of medicinal plants is widely mentioned in Ayurveda and has folkloric importance in different parts of the world.The aim of this review is to summarize the phytochemical profiles,folkloric importance,and primary pharmacological activity of W.somnifera and T.cordifolia with emphasis on their action against the novel coronavirus.展开更多
The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv）...The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv） to produce arrhythmia in rats. The animals were then treated with T. cordifolia extract （150, 250, and 450 mg/kg） and verapamil （5 mg/kg,iv）. Lead II electrocardiogram was monitored. Plasma calcium, sodium and potassium levels were measured. In CaCl2 induced arrhythmia, heart rate was decreased by 41.10%, T. cordifolia at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg decreased the heart rate by 26.30%, 29.16%, and 38.29%, respectively, and verapamil reduced the heart rate by 9.70% compared to the normal group. The PQRST waves were normalized and atrial and ventricular fibrillation was controlled in rats treated with verapamil and T. cordifolia. CaCl2 increased calcium and sodium levels and decreased potassium levels in blood. T. cordifolia dose-dependently decreased calcium and sodium levels and increased potassium levels. Hence, T. cordifolia can be used in antiarrhythmic clinical settings and beneficial in atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter and may be indicated in ventricular tachyarrhythmia.展开更多
Objective:To determine the chemical structure of the new compound and investigate the protective effects of Tinosporaic acid A and B towards in-vitro neuro.Methods:The structures of two new compounds were established ...Objective:To determine the chemical structure of the new compound and investigate the protective effects of Tinosporaic acid A and B towards in-vitro neuro.Methods:The structures of two new compounds were established by analyzing its 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS.Their neuroprotective effects with respect to the antioxidant properties were evaluated by radical scavenging tests and hydrogen peroxide-injured oxidative stress model in PC12 cell lines.Cell morphology of treated PC12 cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy.In-vitro MTT assay,lactate dehydrogenase activity assay and oxidative stress markers(intracellular ROS production,MDA level,and caspase-3 activity) were used to evaluate the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.Results:The two new compounds,named Tinosporaic acid A and B,were isolated and identified from the stem bark of Tinospora hainanensis.Cell viability studies identified a representative concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers.Both extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide,thus promoting PC12 cells survival.The concentration of Tinosporaic acid A and B were 86.34 μg/mL and 22.06 μg/mL respectively,which is neuroprotective for EC_(50).The results indicated that both of them significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity.Conclusion:The two new compounds isolated from ethanol extracts of Tinospora hainanensis are the promising natural ones with neuroprotective activity and needed for further research.展开更多
Tinospora cordifolia(Guduchi or Gurjo),a herbaceous vine or climbing deciduous shrub,is consider as an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication,which is available in India,China,Myanmar,Bangladesh and ...Tinospora cordifolia(Guduchi or Gurjo),a herbaceous vine or climbing deciduous shrub,is consider as an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication,which is available in India,China,Myanmar,Bangladesh and Srilanka.Menispermaceae is the family of this compound.T.cordifolia have a variety of properties to treat various ailments such as fevers,jaundice,diabetes,dysentery,urinary infections,and skin diseases.This compound has been subjected to many chemicals,pharmacological,pre-clinical,or clinical investigations and some new therapeutic potential effects have been indicated.This review aims to summarize the critical information concerning in areas of chemical constituents,chemical structure,and pharmacokinetic activities such as anti-diabetic,anticancer,immune-modulatory,antivirus(especially in silico study about COVID-19),antioxidant,antimicrobial,hepatoprotective and its effect on cardiovascular and neurological disorders as well as rheumatoid arthritis.This traditional herb needs more experimental study on the clinical,pre-clinical study,and clinical efficacy of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and needs large-scale clinical studies to prove the clinical efficacy of this compound,especially in stress-related diseases and other neuronal disorders.展开更多
Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Hook, local name: Guduchi/Amrita;English: Indian Tinospora, Hindi: Giloya/Gulancha, belongs to the family of Menispermaceae and is found in abundance in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and ...Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Hook, local name: Guduchi/Amrita;English: Indian Tinospora, Hindi: Giloya/Gulancha, belongs to the family of Menispermaceae and is found in abundance in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and China, the plant is a spreading and mounting shrub with a lot twisting branches. T. cordifolia is used in Ayurveda medicinal system and has numerous therapeutic properties. This article summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties found within the plant. The review will provide a scientific basis of its use in Ayurveda and is an informative database on an ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plant for future researchers.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of ...Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Tinospora crispa(T. crispa) extract on matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13) expression and cell migration. Methods: The cytotoxicity of T. crispa extract was examined by 3-(4,5-d...Objective: To investigate the effect of Tinospora crispa(T. crispa) extract on matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13) expression and cell migration. Methods: The cytotoxicity of T. crispa extract was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) cell lines. The effect on expression of MMP-13 was analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA. The migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Results: MMP-13 m RNA was highly expressed in the metastatic human HNSCC cell lines, HN22 and HSC-3. T. crispa extract at a concentration of 100.0 μg/m L caused about 50% reduction of cell survival. T. crispa extract at a non-toxic concentration of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L signii cantly suppressed MMP-13 m RNA expression and secreted MMP-13 in both HN22 and HSC-3. The expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease by HSC-3 cells was attenuated by 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L of T. crispa extract. Addition of the extract to cells in a wound healing assay showed inhibition of cell migration by HN22 cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that T. crispa could be considered as a potential therapeutic drug to prevent metastasis of HNSCC.展开更多
Currently,available conventional options for diabetes mellitus have certain limitations of their own,and options from medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being searched to meet the need.Antidiabetic...Currently,available conventional options for diabetes mellitus have certain limitations of their own,and options from medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being searched to meet the need.Antidiabetic properties of Tmospora cordifolia are highly appreciated in Ayurveda and even in recent modern researches.Several studies on its extracts(viz,immunemodulatory.anti-hyperglycemic.antioxidant,adaptogenic.hepatoprotective.hormone regulator etc.) and isolated phytoconstituents(like tinosporin,berberine.jatrorrhizine etc.) have reported that it is a preventive and curative antidiabetic herb,which are substantiated by clinical trials.Scattered information pertaining to antidiabetic potential of Tmospora is reported.Present review encompasses(i) in-depth information of reported antidiabetic activities of the plant in light of available experimental and clinical studies,and(ii) understanding on the possible mechanism of its action in combating the complex pathology of diabetes.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression i...AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression induced by Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA). METHODS: Duncan Hartley guinea pigs, weighing 700-1050 g, were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH, 100 mg/kg of RIF and 300 mg/Kg of PZA for 21-d. 200 mg/kg (bw) of each herb crude extract was administered to the herb control group and 2-h previous to INH + RIF + PZA (AKT) doses to the Herb + AKT groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST) bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were assessed on d 0 and 21 in all the groups. Phagocytic % (P%), Phagocytic Index (PI) and Chemotactic Index (CI) were also measured as immunologic parameters. Histological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver. RESULTS: The AKT treated control group showed hepatotoxicity as judged by elevated serum AST 5-fold, AST/ALT ratio 4-fold, ALP 2-fold and hepatological changes, such as focal necrosis, portal triaditis and steatosis. Immune function was suppressed as judged by decreased P% (51.67 ?1.68 vs 40.61 ?1.28, P < 0.01), PI (2.0725±0.05 vs 0.61±0.05, P < 0.001) and CI (1.8525±0.04 vs 0.695±0.07, P < 0.001). All four herb treated groups showed normal liver histology, enzyme levels and increased P%, while PI and CI were enhanced in the TC and ZM treated groups, respectively. CL + AKT, TC + AKT and ZM + AKT showed nearly normal histology with minimal inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, while OS + AKT showed partial protection. Hepatotoxicity was prevented by restricting the rise of AST by 2-fold in CL + AKT and TC + AKT groups and by 3-fold in OS + AKT and ZM + AKT groups, AST/ALT by 2-fold and ALP to normal levels in all four groups. All four herb + AKT groups showed normal to enhanced neutrophil function. CONCLUSION: All four herbs showed hepatoprotective potential and prevented immunosuppression展开更多
In addition to 2-deoxycrustecdysone(1),we isolated and identi- fied two new natural moulting hormones-2-deoxy-3-epicrustecdysone(2)and 2-deoxycrustecdysone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)from the roots of Tino- spora capi...In addition to 2-deoxycrustecdysone(1),we isolated and identi- fied two new natural moulting hormones-2-deoxy-3-epicrustecdysone(2)and 2-deoxycrustecdysone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)from the roots of Tino- spora capillipes,it is the first time to get ecdysteroids from this genus.展开更多
The whole world has been challenged by the COVID-19,where people with poor immune status became the target.It is high time for us to strengthen our immunity through some safe,efficient and cost-effective immune booste...The whole world has been challenged by the COVID-19,where people with poor immune status became the target.It is high time for us to strengthen our immunity through some safe,efficient and cost-effective immune boosters.Tinospora cordifolia(Thunb.)Miers is a well-known medicinal plant as the whole plant(leaves,stems and roots)is used extensively for different ailments,since it is rich in many bioactive secondary metabolites.The immunomodulatory efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia was reported by several workers and this plant is considered to be a“Rasayana”herb in Ayurveda because of its potential cell renewal,health re-establishment and physical equilibrium maintenance capabilities.1,4-Linked arabinogalactan polysaccharide(G1-4A),an acidic polysaccharide and arabinogalactan polymer is reported to strengthen host innate immunity by multifactorial pathways.It induces immune cells(neutrophil,macrophage,T lymphocyte)proliferation and increases cytokine/chemokine production and reactive oxygen species generation thereby contributing to boost our immunity.G1-4A activates macrophages by a classical pathway in toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 dependent manner,natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells to destroy pathogens,virus-infected cells,or tumor cells.Binding of G1-4A to the toll-like receptor or mannose receptor activates a cascade of events along with nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B leading to the synthesis of different cytokine/chemokine and reactive oxygen species generation.Natural immunomodulators like G1-4A are safer and cheaper,when extracted from botanical sources.Therefore,such phytocompounds can be taken as a daily supplement to enhance immunity,which might be beneficial to fight and survive in this ongoing pandemic health crisis.展开更多
For thousands of years,plant based herbal medicines have been utilized by millions of people all over the world.Plant materials or products are used in different folk/traditional medical systems,such as the Chinese,Af...For thousands of years,plant based herbal medicines have been utilized by millions of people all over the world.Plant materials or products are used in different folk/traditional medical systems,such as the Chinese,African and Indian medical systems,like Siddha,Ayurveda,Unani,and Homeopathy.Tinospora cordifolia(TC)is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Menispermaceae.It is a big deciduous,climbing shrub growing prevalently in the tropical part of Indian subcontinent regions such as India,Pakistan,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh and Srilanka,and in Myanmar,and China.Guduchi,Giloy,Shindilkodi,and Amritha are all the common names for this plant.Extracts from different parts of this herbal plant have been used to treat many diseases.In Ayurvedic medicine,extract from this plant is used for preparing“rasayanas”,which is known to cure diabetes,skin diseases,allergic conditions,jaundice,cardiovascular diseases,rheumatoid arthritis,poisoning,and microbial infections.T.cordifolia has a many bioactive phytochemicals that have been isolated from its aerial parts and roots.Many bioactive principles have been reported from this plant which belong to various classes like alkaloids,aliphatic compounds,diterpenoid lactones,phenolics,flavonoids,glycosides,sesquiterpenoids,lignans,steroids and polysaccharides.T.cordifolia possesses medicinal properties such as antioxidant,antiallergic,antiinflammatory,antimicrobial,antiviral,antidote,antitumor,antileprotic,antispasmodic,and antidiabetic properties.The present review will provide a comprehensive therapeutic potential of T.cordifolia.展开更多
New clerodane diterpenoids-tinocallone A, B, C, D and epitinopaylloloside(1-4.and 8) have been isolated from the root of Tinospora capillipes.Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analysis.
Twelve new cis-clerodane diterpenoids, designated as crispinoids A—L (1—12), together with three known analogues (13—15), were isolated from Tinospora crispa. Their structures were fully assigned by comprehensive s...Twelve new cis-clerodane diterpenoids, designated as crispinoids A—L (1—12), together with three known analogues (13—15), were isolated from Tinospora crispa. Their structures were fully assigned by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The isolated clerodanes displayed diverse heterocyclic frameworks including 6/6/6-, 6/5/6/6-, 6/6/5-, 6/6-, and 6/5/6-fused ring systems. Some of the isolates showed ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway inhibition. The NF-κB inhibitors further suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells.展开更多
文摘AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB diagnosis were randomized to a drug control group and a trial group on drugs plus an herbal formulation. Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for first 2 mo followed by continuation phase therapy excluding Pyrazinamide for 4 mo comprised the anti-tuberculous treatment. Curcumin enriched （25%） CL and a hydro-ethanolic extract enriched （50%） TC 1 g each divided in two doses comprised the herbal adjuvant. Hemogram, bilirubin and liver enzymes were tested initially and monthly till the end of study to evaluate the result. RESULTS： Incidence and severity of hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in trial group （incidence： 27/192 vs 2/316, P 〈 0.0001）. Mean aspartate transaminase （AST） （195.93 ± 108.74 vs 85 ± 4.24, P 〈 0.0001）, alanine transaminase （ALT） （75.74 ± 26.54 vs 41 ± 1.41, P 〈 0.0001） and serum bilirubin （5.4 ±3.38 vs 1.5 ±0.42, P 〈 0.0001）. A lesser sputum positivity ratio at the end of 4 wk （10/67 vs 4/137, P = 0.0068） and decreased incidence of poorly resolved parenchymal lesion at the end of the treatment （9/152 vs 2/278, P = 0.0037） was observed. Improved patient compliance was indicated by nil drop-out in trial vs 10/192 in control group （P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： The herbal formulation prevented hepatotoxicity significantly and improved the disease outcome as well as patient compliance without any toxicity or side effects.
文摘The objective of this study was to offer a review of previous works on Tinospora cordifolia(TC) metabolomics with a highlight on the use of metabolomics in comparative evaluations between varieties and selection of optimum cultivation, collection, and extraction procedures, providing insights into pharmaceutical and food product quality monitoring. Scholarly databases were searched to gather relevant information on TC's therapeutic usefulness, phytoconstituent studies, metabolomics, and applications. Pub Chem was used to learn the structures of several of the metabolites. The various medicinal properties of TC were extensively researched. The most essential portions of the plant in Ayurvedic medicines are the stems. Bioactive phytochemicals such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and phenolic compounds are present in the roots and leaves. Metabolomic analysis revealed that, in addition to the season and geographical region of the sample collected, the metabolite profiles of TC also depend on the parts of the plant taken as a sample and also the plant's stage of growth. The amounts of secondary metabolites differed between morpho/chemotypes within the TC species. Despite the fact that research on TC began several decades ago, the diversity of phytoconstituents was not appreciated because of a lack of reliable techniques for phytochemical fingerprinting. The uncovering of several novel metabolites was aided by advances in chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. To produce a full metabolomic profile, researchers used mutually complementary techniques. Following that, data analysis and searches against spectrum databases allowed for signal annotation and interpretation of metabolites in large quantities without separating them separately. The current review includes a critical assessment of metabolomic data and an overview of the technique's various applications. It is vital to establish the metrics of quality control of herbal medicines in order to accomplish formulation purity assessments. Such
文摘Various important medicines make use of secondary metabolites that are produced by plants.Medicinal plants,such as Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia,are rich sources of chemically active compounds and are reported to have numerous therapeutic applications.The therapeutic use of medicinal plants is widely mentioned in Ayurveda and has folkloric importance in different parts of the world.The aim of this review is to summarize the phytochemical profiles,folkloric importance,and primary pharmacological activity of W.somnifera and T.cordifolia with emphasis on their action against the novel coronavirus.
文摘The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv） to produce arrhythmia in rats. The animals were then treated with T. cordifolia extract （150, 250, and 450 mg/kg） and verapamil （5 mg/kg,iv）. Lead II electrocardiogram was monitored. Plasma calcium, sodium and potassium levels were measured. In CaCl2 induced arrhythmia, heart rate was decreased by 41.10%, T. cordifolia at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg decreased the heart rate by 26.30%, 29.16%, and 38.29%, respectively, and verapamil reduced the heart rate by 9.70% compared to the normal group. The PQRST waves were normalized and atrial and ventricular fibrillation was controlled in rats treated with verapamil and T. cordifolia. CaCl2 increased calcium and sodium levels and decreased potassium levels in blood. T. cordifolia dose-dependently decreased calcium and sodium levels and increased potassium levels. Hence, T. cordifolia can be used in antiarrhythmic clinical settings and beneficial in atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter and may be indicated in ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
基金supported by grants of Hainan provincial project of modernization in traditional Chinese medicine(ZY201426)the Key Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province(ZDXM2014070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81460550)
文摘Objective:To determine the chemical structure of the new compound and investigate the protective effects of Tinosporaic acid A and B towards in-vitro neuro.Methods:The structures of two new compounds were established by analyzing its 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS.Their neuroprotective effects with respect to the antioxidant properties were evaluated by radical scavenging tests and hydrogen peroxide-injured oxidative stress model in PC12 cell lines.Cell morphology of treated PC12 cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy.In-vitro MTT assay,lactate dehydrogenase activity assay and oxidative stress markers(intracellular ROS production,MDA level,and caspase-3 activity) were used to evaluate the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.Results:The two new compounds,named Tinosporaic acid A and B,were isolated and identified from the stem bark of Tinospora hainanensis.Cell viability studies identified a representative concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers.Both extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide,thus promoting PC12 cells survival.The concentration of Tinosporaic acid A and B were 86.34 μg/mL and 22.06 μg/mL respectively,which is neuroprotective for EC_(50).The results indicated that both of them significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity.Conclusion:The two new compounds isolated from ethanol extracts of Tinospora hainanensis are the promising natural ones with neuroprotective activity and needed for further research.
文摘Tinospora cordifolia(Guduchi or Gurjo),a herbaceous vine or climbing deciduous shrub,is consider as an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication,which is available in India,China,Myanmar,Bangladesh and Srilanka.Menispermaceae is the family of this compound.T.cordifolia have a variety of properties to treat various ailments such as fevers,jaundice,diabetes,dysentery,urinary infections,and skin diseases.This compound has been subjected to many chemicals,pharmacological,pre-clinical,or clinical investigations and some new therapeutic potential effects have been indicated.This review aims to summarize the critical information concerning in areas of chemical constituents,chemical structure,and pharmacokinetic activities such as anti-diabetic,anticancer,immune-modulatory,antivirus(especially in silico study about COVID-19),antioxidant,antimicrobial,hepatoprotective and its effect on cardiovascular and neurological disorders as well as rheumatoid arthritis.This traditional herb needs more experimental study on the clinical,pre-clinical study,and clinical efficacy of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and needs large-scale clinical studies to prove the clinical efficacy of this compound,especially in stress-related diseases and other neuronal disorders.
文摘Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Hook, local name: Guduchi/Amrita;English: Indian Tinospora, Hindi: Giloya/Gulancha, belongs to the family of Menispermaceae and is found in abundance in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and China, the plant is a spreading and mounting shrub with a lot twisting branches. T. cordifolia is used in Ayurveda medicinal system and has numerous therapeutic properties. This article summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties found within the plant. The review will provide a scientific basis of its use in Ayurveda and is an informative database on an ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plant for future researchers.
文摘Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.
基金Supported by Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue and Dental Research Fund,Dental research project 3200502#9/2013
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Tinospora crispa(T. crispa) extract on matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13) expression and cell migration. Methods: The cytotoxicity of T. crispa extract was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) cell lines. The effect on expression of MMP-13 was analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA. The migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Results: MMP-13 m RNA was highly expressed in the metastatic human HNSCC cell lines, HN22 and HSC-3. T. crispa extract at a concentration of 100.0 μg/m L caused about 50% reduction of cell survival. T. crispa extract at a non-toxic concentration of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L signii cantly suppressed MMP-13 m RNA expression and secreted MMP-13 in both HN22 and HSC-3. The expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease by HSC-3 cells was attenuated by 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L of T. crispa extract. Addition of the extract to cells in a wound healing assay showed inhibition of cell migration by HN22 cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that T. crispa could be considered as a potential therapeutic drug to prevent metastasis of HNSCC.
基金Supported by Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda,Gujarat Ayurved University,Jamnagar,Gujarat,India
文摘Currently,available conventional options for diabetes mellitus have certain limitations of their own,and options from medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being searched to meet the need.Antidiabetic properties of Tmospora cordifolia are highly appreciated in Ayurveda and even in recent modern researches.Several studies on its extracts(viz,immunemodulatory.anti-hyperglycemic.antioxidant,adaptogenic.hepatoprotective.hormone regulator etc.) and isolated phytoconstituents(like tinosporin,berberine.jatrorrhizine etc.) have reported that it is a preventive and curative antidiabetic herb,which are substantiated by clinical trials.Scattered information pertaining to antidiabetic potential of Tmospora is reported.Present review encompasses(i) in-depth information of reported antidiabetic activities of the plant in light of available experimental and clinical studies,and(ii) understanding on the possible mechanism of its action in combating the complex pathology of diabetes.
文摘AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression induced by Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA). METHODS: Duncan Hartley guinea pigs, weighing 700-1050 g, were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH, 100 mg/kg of RIF and 300 mg/Kg of PZA for 21-d. 200 mg/kg (bw) of each herb crude extract was administered to the herb control group and 2-h previous to INH + RIF + PZA (AKT) doses to the Herb + AKT groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST) bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were assessed on d 0 and 21 in all the groups. Phagocytic % (P%), Phagocytic Index (PI) and Chemotactic Index (CI) were also measured as immunologic parameters. Histological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver. RESULTS: The AKT treated control group showed hepatotoxicity as judged by elevated serum AST 5-fold, AST/ALT ratio 4-fold, ALP 2-fold and hepatological changes, such as focal necrosis, portal triaditis and steatosis. Immune function was suppressed as judged by decreased P% (51.67 ?1.68 vs 40.61 ?1.28, P < 0.01), PI (2.0725±0.05 vs 0.61±0.05, P < 0.001) and CI (1.8525±0.04 vs 0.695±0.07, P < 0.001). All four herb treated groups showed normal liver histology, enzyme levels and increased P%, while PI and CI were enhanced in the TC and ZM treated groups, respectively. CL + AKT, TC + AKT and ZM + AKT showed nearly normal histology with minimal inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, while OS + AKT showed partial protection. Hepatotoxicity was prevented by restricting the rise of AST by 2-fold in CL + AKT and TC + AKT groups and by 3-fold in OS + AKT and ZM + AKT groups, AST/ALT by 2-fold and ALP to normal levels in all four groups. All four herb + AKT groups showed normal to enhanced neutrophil function. CONCLUSION: All four herbs showed hepatoprotective potential and prevented immunosuppression
文摘In addition to 2-deoxycrustecdysone(1),we isolated and identi- fied two new natural moulting hormones-2-deoxy-3-epicrustecdysone(2)and 2-deoxycrustecdysone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)from the roots of Tino- spora capillipes,it is the first time to get ecdysteroids from this genus.
文摘The whole world has been challenged by the COVID-19,where people with poor immune status became the target.It is high time for us to strengthen our immunity through some safe,efficient and cost-effective immune boosters.Tinospora cordifolia(Thunb.)Miers is a well-known medicinal plant as the whole plant(leaves,stems and roots)is used extensively for different ailments,since it is rich in many bioactive secondary metabolites.The immunomodulatory efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia was reported by several workers and this plant is considered to be a“Rasayana”herb in Ayurveda because of its potential cell renewal,health re-establishment and physical equilibrium maintenance capabilities.1,4-Linked arabinogalactan polysaccharide(G1-4A),an acidic polysaccharide and arabinogalactan polymer is reported to strengthen host innate immunity by multifactorial pathways.It induces immune cells(neutrophil,macrophage,T lymphocyte)proliferation and increases cytokine/chemokine production and reactive oxygen species generation thereby contributing to boost our immunity.G1-4A activates macrophages by a classical pathway in toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 dependent manner,natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells to destroy pathogens,virus-infected cells,or tumor cells.Binding of G1-4A to the toll-like receptor or mannose receptor activates a cascade of events along with nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B leading to the synthesis of different cytokine/chemokine and reactive oxygen species generation.Natural immunomodulators like G1-4A are safer and cheaper,when extracted from botanical sources.Therefore,such phytocompounds can be taken as a daily supplement to enhance immunity,which might be beneficial to fight and survive in this ongoing pandemic health crisis.
文摘For thousands of years,plant based herbal medicines have been utilized by millions of people all over the world.Plant materials or products are used in different folk/traditional medical systems,such as the Chinese,African and Indian medical systems,like Siddha,Ayurveda,Unani,and Homeopathy.Tinospora cordifolia(TC)is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Menispermaceae.It is a big deciduous,climbing shrub growing prevalently in the tropical part of Indian subcontinent regions such as India,Pakistan,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh and Srilanka,and in Myanmar,and China.Guduchi,Giloy,Shindilkodi,and Amritha are all the common names for this plant.Extracts from different parts of this herbal plant have been used to treat many diseases.In Ayurvedic medicine,extract from this plant is used for preparing“rasayanas”,which is known to cure diabetes,skin diseases,allergic conditions,jaundice,cardiovascular diseases,rheumatoid arthritis,poisoning,and microbial infections.T.cordifolia has a many bioactive phytochemicals that have been isolated from its aerial parts and roots.Many bioactive principles have been reported from this plant which belong to various classes like alkaloids,aliphatic compounds,diterpenoid lactones,phenolics,flavonoids,glycosides,sesquiterpenoids,lignans,steroids and polysaccharides.T.cordifolia possesses medicinal properties such as antioxidant,antiallergic,antiinflammatory,antimicrobial,antiviral,antidote,antitumor,antileprotic,antispasmodic,and antidiabetic properties.The present review will provide a comprehensive therapeutic potential of T.cordifolia.
文摘 New clerodane diterpenoids-tinocallone A, B, C, D and epitinopaylloloside(1-4.and 8) have been isolated from the root of Tinospora capillipes.Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22277074).
文摘Twelve new cis-clerodane diterpenoids, designated as crispinoids A—L (1—12), together with three known analogues (13—15), were isolated from Tinospora crispa. Their structures were fully assigned by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The isolated clerodanes displayed diverse heterocyclic frameworks including 6/6/6-, 6/5/6/6-, 6/6/5-, 6/6-, and 6/5/6-fused ring systems. Some of the isolates showed ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway inhibition. The NF-κB inhibitors further suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells.
