In some non-human primates, infants function as a social tool that can bridge relationships among group members. Infants are a desired commodity for group members, and mothers control access to them. The biological ma...In some non-human primates, infants function as a social tool that can bridge relationships among group members. Infants are a desired commodity for group members, and mothers control access to them. The biological market theory suggests that grooming is widespread and represents a commodity that can be exchanged for infant handling. As a limited resource, however, the extent to which infants are interchanged between mothers(females with an infant) and non-mothers(potential handlers,females without an infant) remains unclear. In this study, we collected behavioral data to investigate the relationship between grooming and infant handling in free-ranging Tibetan macaques(Macaca thibetana)at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our results showed that females with infants received more grooming than females without infants. After her infant was handled,mother females received more grooming than they did during daily grooming interactions. However, with the increasing number of infants within the social group, both the grooming that mothers received and the grooming that non-mothers invested for handling infants decreased. We also found that non-mothers invested more time in grooming to gain access to younger infants than older infants. Our results provide evidence that infants are social commodities for both mother and non-mother females. Mothers use infants for obtain grooming and non-mothers use grooming to gain access to infants. The current study implies a bidirectional and complex interchange pattern between grooming and infant handling to compensate for the dyadic grooming disparity in non-human primates.展开更多
有效性比(operational sex ratio,OSR)是指性成熟雄性数量与发情雌性数量的比值,可作为测量性选择强度的指标。本文对两种有效性比的黄山短尾猴(Macaca thibetana)鱼鳞坑YA1群和YA2群成年雄性在交配期(2007年8—12月)内的繁殖行为和攻...有效性比(operational sex ratio,OSR)是指性成熟雄性数量与发情雌性数量的比值,可作为测量性选择强度的指标。本文对两种有效性比的黄山短尾猴(Macaca thibetana)鱼鳞坑YA1群和YA2群成年雄性在交配期(2007年8—12月)内的繁殖行为和攻击行为进行研究,采用目标动物取样法、随机取样法和连续记录法记录行为,探讨有效性比对雄性黄山短尾猴交配竞争的影响。研究期间,YA1群的有效性比为0.4:1,YA2群的有效性比为0.9:1,YA2群的有效性比大于YA1群。在繁殖行为上,高顺位成年雄性的性检查、做鬼脸、性追赶和交配行为在两群间均存在显著差异,YA1群高于YA2群(P<0.01);中等顺位成年雄性的性检查、做鬼脸、性追赶在两群间均存在显著差异,YA1群高于YA2群(P<0.01),交配行为在两群间存在显著差异,YA1群高于YA2群(P<0.05);低顺位成年雄性在两群间不存在显著差异。在攻击行为上,高顺位成年雄性在两群间存在显著差异,YA2群高于YA1群(P<0.01);中等顺位成年雄性在两群间存在显著差异,YA2群高于YA1群(P<0.05);YA1群低顺位成年雄性攻击行为发生频次为零。结果表明,雄雌有效性比越大,雄性黄山短尾猴的交配机会越少,繁殖行为发生频次下降,竞争压力增大,攻击行为频次上升,因此YA2群成年雄性交配竞争强度高于YA1群。本研究结果支持性选择理论中有效性比对交配竞争作用的预测。展开更多
口腔微生物群落结构是维持机体健康的重要因素,了解动物口腔微生物多样性有助于认识和理解动物的生态学适应。本研究以栖息于安徽黄山的短尾猴为研究对象,采用非损伤性取样法收集了鱼鳞坑YA1群体中19个短尾猴口腔样本,采用改进高盐提取...口腔微生物群落结构是维持机体健康的重要因素,了解动物口腔微生物多样性有助于认识和理解动物的生态学适应。本研究以栖息于安徽黄山的短尾猴为研究对象,采用非损伤性取样法收集了鱼鳞坑YA1群体中19个短尾猴口腔样本,采用改进高盐提取法提取微生物DNA,利用Illumina Miseq测序平台对微生物16S r DNA V3—V4区扩增产物进行双端测序,分析微生物群落结构多样性。研究共获得206 533条优质序列,发现4 685个OTU,归属20个门、310个属。结果表明:短尾猴口腔微生物物种丰富,以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占总条带44.58%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,30.28%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,12.27%)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria,7.72%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,3.70%)为主;24个微生物属在所有样本中均有分布,为其核心微生物属;短尾猴口腔中存在大量与口腔疾病相关的微生物和多种低丰富度的潜在病原菌。本研究为进一步研究短尾猴口腔微生物群落结构形成与适应性提供了基础资料,也提示在保护和管理野生猴群中需要应对人畜共患病传播的潜在风险。展开更多
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772475 31672307+1 种基金31401981 31372215)
文摘In some non-human primates, infants function as a social tool that can bridge relationships among group members. Infants are a desired commodity for group members, and mothers control access to them. The biological market theory suggests that grooming is widespread and represents a commodity that can be exchanged for infant handling. As a limited resource, however, the extent to which infants are interchanged between mothers(females with an infant) and non-mothers(potential handlers,females without an infant) remains unclear. In this study, we collected behavioral data to investigate the relationship between grooming and infant handling in free-ranging Tibetan macaques(Macaca thibetana)at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our results showed that females with infants received more grooming than females without infants. After her infant was handled,mother females received more grooming than they did during daily grooming interactions. However, with the increasing number of infants within the social group, both the grooming that mothers received and the grooming that non-mothers invested for handling infants decreased. We also found that non-mothers invested more time in grooming to gain access to younger infants than older infants. Our results provide evidence that infants are social commodities for both mother and non-mother females. Mothers use infants for obtain grooming and non-mothers use grooming to gain access to infants. The current study implies a bidirectional and complex interchange pattern between grooming and infant handling to compensate for the dyadic grooming disparity in non-human primates.
文摘有效性比(operational sex ratio,OSR)是指性成熟雄性数量与发情雌性数量的比值,可作为测量性选择强度的指标。本文对两种有效性比的黄山短尾猴(Macaca thibetana)鱼鳞坑YA1群和YA2群成年雄性在交配期(2007年8—12月)内的繁殖行为和攻击行为进行研究,采用目标动物取样法、随机取样法和连续记录法记录行为,探讨有效性比对雄性黄山短尾猴交配竞争的影响。研究期间,YA1群的有效性比为0.4:1,YA2群的有效性比为0.9:1,YA2群的有效性比大于YA1群。在繁殖行为上,高顺位成年雄性的性检查、做鬼脸、性追赶和交配行为在两群间均存在显著差异,YA1群高于YA2群(P<0.01);中等顺位成年雄性的性检查、做鬼脸、性追赶在两群间均存在显著差异,YA1群高于YA2群(P<0.01),交配行为在两群间存在显著差异,YA1群高于YA2群(P<0.05);低顺位成年雄性在两群间不存在显著差异。在攻击行为上,高顺位成年雄性在两群间存在显著差异,YA2群高于YA1群(P<0.01);中等顺位成年雄性在两群间存在显著差异,YA2群高于YA1群(P<0.05);YA1群低顺位成年雄性攻击行为发生频次为零。结果表明,雄雌有效性比越大,雄性黄山短尾猴的交配机会越少,繁殖行为发生频次下降,竞争压力增大,攻击行为频次上升,因此YA2群成年雄性交配竞争强度高于YA1群。本研究结果支持性选择理论中有效性比对交配竞争作用的预测。
文摘口腔微生物群落结构是维持机体健康的重要因素,了解动物口腔微生物多样性有助于认识和理解动物的生态学适应。本研究以栖息于安徽黄山的短尾猴为研究对象,采用非损伤性取样法收集了鱼鳞坑YA1群体中19个短尾猴口腔样本,采用改进高盐提取法提取微生物DNA,利用Illumina Miseq测序平台对微生物16S r DNA V3—V4区扩增产物进行双端测序,分析微生物群落结构多样性。研究共获得206 533条优质序列,发现4 685个OTU,归属20个门、310个属。结果表明:短尾猴口腔微生物物种丰富,以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占总条带44.58%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,30.28%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,12.27%)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria,7.72%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,3.70%)为主;24个微生物属在所有样本中均有分布,为其核心微生物属;短尾猴口腔中存在大量与口腔疾病相关的微生物和多种低丰富度的潜在病原菌。本研究为进一步研究短尾猴口腔微生物群落结构形成与适应性提供了基础资料,也提示在保护和管理野生猴群中需要应对人畜共患病传播的潜在风险。
