TiNi thin films were sputter-deposited on circular single-crystal silicon substrates un-der various sputtering parameters. The crystal structure and residual stress of the as-deposited films were determined by X-ray d...TiNi thin films were sputter-deposited on circular single-crystal silicon substrates un-der various sputtering parameters. The crystal structure and residual stress of the as-deposited films were determined by X-ray diffraction and substrate-curvature method. The phenomenon of stress-suppressed martensitic transformation was observed. R is considered that the residual stresses in SMA thin films based on circular substrates act as balanced biaxial tensile stresses. The status of equilibrant delays the align-ment of self-accommodated variants and the volume shrinkage during the martensitic transformation.展开更多
Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have found widespread use in the last 70 years,but improving their functional stability remains a key quest for more robust and advanced applications.Named for their ability to ret...Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have found widespread use in the last 70 years,but improving their functional stability remains a key quest for more robust and advanced applications.Named for their ability to retain their processed shape as a result of a reversible martensitic transformation,SMAs are highly sensitive to compositional variations.Alloying with ternary and quaternary elements to finetune the lattice parameters and the thermal hysteresis of an SMA,therefore,becomes a challenge in materials exploration.Combinatorial materials science allows streamlining of the synthesis process and data management from multiple characterization techniques.In this study,a composition spread of Ni-Ti-Cu-V thin-film library was synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering on a thermally oxidized Si wafer.Composition-dependent phase transformation temperature and microstructure were investigated and determined using high-throughput wavelength dispersive spectroscopy,synchrotron X-ray diffraction,and temperature-dependent resistance measurements.Of the 177 compositions in the materials library,32 were observed to have shape memory effect,of which five had zero or near-zero thermal hysteresis.These compositions provide flexibility in the operating temperature regimes that they can be used in.A phase map for the quaternary system and correlations of functional properties are discussed w让h respect to the local microstructure and composition of the thin-film library.展开更多
Electropulsing-induced phase decompositions and microstructural changes in AZO-5 thin films were studied by X-raydiffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Hall effect measurement and photolum...Electropulsing-induced phase decompositions and microstructural changes in AZO-5 thin films were studied by X-raydiffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Hall effect measurement and photoluminescence （PL）measurement techniques. It was found that the electropulsing induced phase decomposition started with spinodaldecomposition, which was accompanied by discontinuous precipitation in the AZO-5 thin films. Both circular phasedecompositions and the crystal orientation occurred. Inappropriate electropulsing might damage zones, which resulted intremendous decrease in electrical conductivity. Circular changes in both the peak position and the width of the PLwavelength were observed in the EPT AZO-5 thin films. Formation of zones favored reducing the roughness of the thinfilm.展开更多
Lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.50Ti0.50)O3 (PZT) thin films were deposited by a polymeric chemical method on Pt(111)/ Ti/SiO2/Si substrates to understand the mechanisms of phase transformations in these films. PZT fil...Lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.50Ti0.50)O3 (PZT) thin films were deposited by a polymeric chemical method on Pt(111)/ Ti/SiO2/Si substrates to understand the mechanisms of phase transformations in these films. PZT films pyrolyzed at temperatures higher than 350℃ present a coexistence of pyrochlore and perovskite phases, while only perovskite phase is present in films pyrolyzed at temperatures lower than 300℃. For films where the pyrochlore and perovskite phase coexists the amount of pyrochlore phase decreases from top surface to the bottom film-electrode interface and the PZT structure near top surface are Ti-rich compositions while near the bottom film-electrode interface the compositions are Zr-rich. For pyrochlore-free PZT thin film, a small (100) orientation tendency near the film-electrode interface was observed.展开更多
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Scrophulariaceae) is a highly sought after medicinal plant with therapeutic properties as cognition enhancer as well as for other brain and body functions. Research was conducted to optim...Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Scrophulariaceae) is a highly sought after medicinal plant with therapeutic properties as cognition enhancer as well as for other brain and body functions. Research was conducted to optimize a thin cell layer explant based micropropagation system to assist mass propagation. Thin cell layers (TCL) derived from leaf and internode segments were used as explants. Murashige and Skoog medium was used to formulate shoot induction, elongation, and rooting media. Shoot induction media were prepared by supplementing three concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μM) of four cytokinins 6-benzylaminopurine, 2-isopentenyl-adenine, 6-3-Hydroxybenzylaminopurine, and thidiazuron to study adventitious shoot bud induction response. An optimum shoot bud induction response was observed on MS medium supplemented with 10.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine for both leaf and stem transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants. The average number of shoot buds from leaf tTCL explants was 59, whereas, on an average, 33 shoot buds were regenerated from internode tTCL explants. Elongation of adventitious shoot buds was achieved best in a liquid medium using Liquid Lab Rocker<sup>®</sup> system. Elongated shoots recorded 100% rooting in MS medium supplemented with 5 μM indole butyric acid. Bacopa micropropagation employing tTCL explants for initial shoot bud induction and using LLR<sup>®</sup> boxes in subsequent elongation step can achieve cost effective way to regenerate high volume of plantlets and biomass required for herbal industry. Leaf and stem tTCL explants both were suitable for Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105) mediated genetic transformation. Successful transformation was scored within three days of co-cultivation with Agrobacterium suspension on the basis of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) expression as an early and non-destructible screening device. Transformation frequencies of 83% and 76% were accomplished for leaf and stem tTCL explants, respectively. Greenhouse grown Bacopa plants were analyz展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Doctoral Research Foundation(No.98024838) of National Education Ministry.
文摘TiNi thin films were sputter-deposited on circular single-crystal silicon substrates un-der various sputtering parameters. The crystal structure and residual stress of the as-deposited films were determined by X-ray diffraction and substrate-curvature method. The phenomenon of stress-suppressed martensitic transformation was observed. R is considered that the residual stresses in SMA thin films based on circular substrates act as balanced biaxial tensile stresses. The status of equilibrant delays the align-ment of self-accommodated variants and the volume shrinkage during the martensitic transformation.
基金The author thanks Tieren Gao,Peer Decker,Alan Savan,and Manfred Wuttig for fruitful discussions.The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program(DGE 1322106).
文摘Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have found widespread use in the last 70 years,but improving their functional stability remains a key quest for more robust and advanced applications.Named for their ability to retain their processed shape as a result of a reversible martensitic transformation,SMAs are highly sensitive to compositional variations.Alloying with ternary and quaternary elements to finetune the lattice parameters and the thermal hysteresis of an SMA,therefore,becomes a challenge in materials exploration.Combinatorial materials science allows streamlining of the synthesis process and data management from multiple characterization techniques.In this study,a composition spread of Ni-Ti-Cu-V thin-film library was synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering on a thermally oxidized Si wafer.Composition-dependent phase transformation temperature and microstructure were investigated and determined using high-throughput wavelength dispersive spectroscopy,synchrotron X-ray diffraction,and temperature-dependent resistance measurements.Of the 177 compositions in the materials library,32 were observed to have shape memory effect,of which five had zero or near-zero thermal hysteresis.These compositions provide flexibility in the operating temperature regimes that they can be used in.A phase map for the quaternary system and correlations of functional properties are discussed w让h respect to the local microstructure and composition of the thin-film library.
文摘Electropulsing-induced phase decompositions and microstructural changes in AZO-5 thin films were studied by X-raydiffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Hall effect measurement and photoluminescence （PL）measurement techniques. It was found that the electropulsing induced phase decomposition started with spinodaldecomposition, which was accompanied by discontinuous precipitation in the AZO-5 thin films. Both circular phasedecompositions and the crystal orientation occurred. Inappropriate electropulsing might damage zones, which resulted intremendous decrease in electrical conductivity. Circular changes in both the peak position and the width of the PLwavelength were observed in the EPT AZO-5 thin films. Formation of zones favored reducing the roughness of the thinfilm.
文摘Lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.50Ti0.50)O3 (PZT) thin films were deposited by a polymeric chemical method on Pt(111)/ Ti/SiO2/Si substrates to understand the mechanisms of phase transformations in these films. PZT films pyrolyzed at temperatures higher than 350℃ present a coexistence of pyrochlore and perovskite phases, while only perovskite phase is present in films pyrolyzed at temperatures lower than 300℃. For films where the pyrochlore and perovskite phase coexists the amount of pyrochlore phase decreases from top surface to the bottom film-electrode interface and the PZT structure near top surface are Ti-rich compositions while near the bottom film-electrode interface the compositions are Zr-rich. For pyrochlore-free PZT thin film, a small (100) orientation tendency near the film-electrode interface was observed.
文摘Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Scrophulariaceae) is a highly sought after medicinal plant with therapeutic properties as cognition enhancer as well as for other brain and body functions. Research was conducted to optimize a thin cell layer explant based micropropagation system to assist mass propagation. Thin cell layers (TCL) derived from leaf and internode segments were used as explants. Murashige and Skoog medium was used to formulate shoot induction, elongation, and rooting media. Shoot induction media were prepared by supplementing three concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μM) of four cytokinins 6-benzylaminopurine, 2-isopentenyl-adenine, 6-3-Hydroxybenzylaminopurine, and thidiazuron to study adventitious shoot bud induction response. An optimum shoot bud induction response was observed on MS medium supplemented with 10.0 μM 6-benzylaminopurine for both leaf and stem transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants. The average number of shoot buds from leaf tTCL explants was 59, whereas, on an average, 33 shoot buds were regenerated from internode tTCL explants. Elongation of adventitious shoot buds was achieved best in a liquid medium using Liquid Lab Rocker<sup>®</sup> system. Elongated shoots recorded 100% rooting in MS medium supplemented with 5 μM indole butyric acid. Bacopa micropropagation employing tTCL explants for initial shoot bud induction and using LLR<sup>®</sup> boxes in subsequent elongation step can achieve cost effective way to regenerate high volume of plantlets and biomass required for herbal industry. Leaf and stem tTCL explants both were suitable for Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105) mediated genetic transformation. Successful transformation was scored within three days of co-cultivation with Agrobacterium suspension on the basis of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) expression as an early and non-destructible screening device. Transformation frequencies of 83% and 76% were accomplished for leaf and stem tTCL explants, respectively. Greenhouse grown Bacopa plants were analyz
